This presentation 'Introduction to slide crafting' covers: 1. how to build your story and logic 2. how to turn the logic into slides 3. tips to streamline slides faster 4. the reasons why horrible slides are horrible (and good slides are good) 5. useful resources to help you create better slides and a deck

1. INTRODUCTION TO SLIDE CRAFTING
El No (노엘)

2. Topics
1. Slide and slide deck
2. Productivity
3. Efficacy
4. Tips & resources

3. #1
Slide and slide deck

4. Typical use cases of PowerPoint
Reporting Lecture note Photo album
Keynote speech Storing scripts Product manual Documentation
Font size 2
File size
330 MB

5. Typical use cases of PowerPoint
Reporting Lecture note Photo album
Keynote speech Storing scripts Product manual Documentation
PowerPoint is not always best option.
Our aim is to try not to overuse/ misuse PowerPoint

6. Use PowerPoint only when it is considered to be the best medium
Topical Narrative
DescriptiveAnalytical
Visualise ideas effectively
Present ideas to the (large) audience
Convey a compelling story
Structure
Approach
news
manual
keynote
documentary
annual report
sales pitch
FTSE100 report
catalogue
Purposes of creating slides Types of communication

7. Don’t open PowerPoint too early

8. Take time and think about flow and logic of the story
Facts Analyses Conclusions Recommendations
Most people follow a problem-solving path that builds up to a set of recommendations

9. Take time and think about flow and logic of the story
Facts Analyses Conclusions Recommendations
Facts/analyses
Actions/steps/
reasons
Recommendations
What should be done? How or why should it be
done?
How do you know the
recommendations are sound?
Most people follow a problem-solving path that builds up to a set of recommendations
Communicating the solution is the inverse of the problem solving path
Why should we write/ communicate backwards?

10. Imagine you are Ben and you get this from Chris. What is he trying to say?
Ben,
Remember last Saturday afternoon when we were playing in the
park with my skateboard and you broke it by throwing down the hill?
And also, on Sunday when you came to my house and my Mom
made you a tuna fish sandwich for lunch and you said: “Yech!
That’s the worst sandwich I ever ate!”?
And yesterday, when I changed the channel on the TV, you kicked
me and threatened to bite me?
Well, for all of these reasons, I hate you, and I no longer want to be
your friend.
Chris
(no subject)
christopher.hilton@gmail.com

11. Ben,
I HATE you. Here are my reasons:
1. You broke my skateboard
2. You insulted my mother
3. You scared me
Chris
His message would be clearer if he began by saying, “I hate you.”
Main message or governing thought
Reasons supporting the governing thought
(no subject)
christopher.hilton@gmail.com

12. In the second example, the hierarchy of Chris’ actual thoughts becomes more
explicit
Q: Why is Chris saying this?
A: Because…
Q: Why?
A: Because…
Chris hates Ben
Ben broke Chris’
skateboard
Ben insulted
Chris’ mother
Ben scared
Chris
These thoughts can be considered as a fictitious question-answer dialogue with the addressee

13. The Pyramid Structure: effective communication requires a logical structure
that is easy to follow
Introduction
Main Message
(Answer)
1 2 3
a b c a b a b c
Key line:
Governing thought:
Supporting details:
Situation: Relevant facts about the situation, facts the audience would not dispute
Complication: The complicating event/ problem that create the tension in the story
Key Question: The implicit question that results from the complication
The answer to the question
Major points which, taken together prove the answer
Data and facts which support the key line

14. The Pyramid Structure: an example
Is Jeju Island a
recommended
destination for tourists?
Yes, It is.
A lot of sights to see
Calm and not
crowded
Affordable
Nature Festivals
Entertain
ment
Low
populatio
n
Less cars
Tax free
zone
No visa
required
Many
cheap
flights
Why so? So what?
Key Question

15. In the Pyramid Structure, the main message is supported by vertical and
horizontal logic
Introduction
Main Message
(Answer)
1 2 3
a b c a b a b c
• Focus on the main message
• The audience is much more interested in
what the message is than in how the
message was developed
• The audience can absorb ideas and draw
appropriate conclusions more easily in the
context of the “big picture”
• The base of the pyramid then supports the
main message
So What
MECE, Same kind, Logical order
Why so
Summarises Summarises Summarises

16. Story-board
1.
2.
3.
%
①
④
⑦
“
”
“
”
②
⑤
⑧
③
⑥
⑨
Build up the storyline based on the pyramid structure, then turn it into the
story-board
Storyline
• Each page contains it’s own “main message” that ultimately maps
back to the pyramid and the presentation’s main message
• Stringing the topic sentences together should read like a well-
reasoned essay
Intro
(SCQ)
Key Line
+ Support

17. Each slide as well as slide deck tells just one piece of structured, logical story
When developing any slide, consider the following
questions:
• How does this fit into the overall story we are
trying to tell?
• What are the key takeaways from this slide? Are
they evident to the reader?
• How relevant is this information? Is it extraneous
or repeated elsewhere?
Each slide in a deliverable serves a purpose:
• Proves a hypothesis or supporting point
• Frames an issue
• Serves as a reference or repository for information
critical to the overall story
Headlines communicate horizontal logic
• Series of “so what” key message statements that
tell the a compelling story about the client’s
situation, issues, and opportunities
Body provides the vertical logic
• Key proof-point(s) that supports the horizontal logic
point of the slide
• Necessary and sufficient support for each key
message to explain why, or how, the message is
true
Slide format should be clean and draw the reader
to the key point
• Should pass the “first glance test” – can you tell the
point of the slide within 8 seconds?
Slide strategy Slide content
Theory of a Slide

18. A slide must be CLEAR
Relevance
where does this fit into the
presentation’s logic
structure?
Accuracy
how are the facts (and
any conclusions) being
represented?
Elegance
what elements of design
(e.g., proportions,
symmetry) are captured in
the material?
Comprehensive
does the material cover
the whole story?
Liveliness
how visually appealing is
the material?

19. And the format is critical to make the slide clearer and professional
Headline, within 2 lines
(Horizontal logic)
Page #
Legal disclaimer,
Copyright, level of confidentiality
Footer
(e.g. source, notes, keys…)
Text or iconic tracker,
upper right corner
Logo
(Vertical logic)
Tombstone
Chart titles
1 2 3
Confidential Note: the granularityof analyses depend on data availabilityand completeness 8노엘

20. The template equipped with pre-formatted graphics and layouts are helpful for
formatting to standard
Roland Berger Graphics

21. #2
Productivity
Rocket: Jean-Philippe Cabaroc

22. Quick Access Toolbar helps streamline slide crafting

23. How-to set up Quick Access Toolbar
Set up your Quick Access Toolbar
1. Open ‘PowerPoint Options’
(File  Options)
2. Select Quick Access Toolbar
3. Choose commands then Add
4. Click ‘OK’
Must-have
commands

24. Must-have commands
Grouping
Distribute objects
Position
Alignment
Rotate
CategoryCommand Description
Make one or more objects as one object (or vice versa); highly useful for
changing objects sizes proportionately
Align two or more objects relative to one another on the slide
Equally space one or more objects relative to the two most distant objects
Send an object forward/backward of another other object or to the front or
back of a slide
Rotate an object clockwise or counter clockwise
Format Copy the attributes of text or an object to other text or objects

25. Use Guides for spacing and alignment
1. Right click in your slide
2. Select ‘Grid and Guides… then check ‘Guides’
3. Click and drag guides to desired location
4. Add a guide line as you need by dragging any
existing line pressing Ctrl
5. To remove a Guide, just drag it off the page
How-to add and remove Guides
8노엘

26. Shortcuts
Keys Description
CTRL+O Open a document
CTRL+N Open a new blank document
CTRL+S Save the document
F12 Save as
CTRL+P Print
CTRL+M Insert a new slide
CTRL+D Duplicate a selected slide
Keys Description
CTRL+A Select all objects and text on the active slide
CTRL+C Copy the selected object or text
CTRL+X Cut the selected object or text
CTRL+D Duplicate the selected object or text
CTRL+V
Paste the object or text which was previously
copied or cut
CTRL+Z Undo (remove) the last change made
CTRL+Y or F4 Redo (repeat) the last change made
CTRL+Mouse Drag
Copy and position a selected object to a user
defined position
SHIFT+Mouse Drag
Shift an object parallel or perpendicular to its
original position
SHIFT+CTRL+Mouse Drag
Duplicate and shift to a user defined position
which is parallel or perpendicular to its original
position
Keys Description
F5 Start a slide show
SHIFT+F5 Start slide show from current slide
CTRL+S
Open the slide selection dialog when slide
show is playing
ESC Exit slide show
SPACE or ARROW or
Left-Click
Move to next slide during slide show
DELETE or ARROW Move to previous slide during slide show
General
Slide Show
Objects

27. Activity 1. LEGO vs. Real world (15 min.)
1. There has been approximately 4
billion minifigures produced
2. Approximately 20 billion LEGO
elements (bricks) are made every
year in the LEGO factory in Billund
http://natgeotv.com.au/tv/megafactories/lego-facts.aspx
http://www.buildingtalk.com/building-products-and-structures-/brick-manufacturing-increases-due-to-housing-demands/410821.article
1. China – 1.3 billion, India – 1.1 billion,
US – 300 million
2. UK Brick production in 2014 - 1.8
billion bricks
LEGO facts Real world facts
VS
Can you create an Infographic using the given facts?

28. LEGO
China
India
WORLD POPULATION ANNUAL BRICK PRODUCTION
20 billion
1.8 billon
Lego UK
= 100 million

31. #3
Efficacy
Light bulb: Michel Faz Fajes

33. Why are horrible slides horrible? (1)
Horrible slides are
unclear
Why some people make this?
Because they don’t have a clear idea
Long headline
Alignment
Mere repetition of
the headline
Pointless image
Irrelevant &
even ugly image

35. Why are horrible slides horrible? (2)
Horrible slides are
uncomfortable
Why some people make this?
Because they don’t take care of the
audience
Unusual to have URL in headline
+ not clear if the content and
headline are relevant
Ambiguous colour scheme
Many of the words are
cut in the middle

37. Why are horrible slides horrible? (3)
Horrible slides are
pointless (or boring)
Why some people make this?
Because they don’t analyse and process
data – lack of ‘so-what’s
Descriptive headline
No legend keys
When we refer to monetary values,
e.g. salary, should make clear its
unit and currency

38. Every good slide is…
Clear
message
Comfortable
style
Provocative
insights
Focused – one idea per slide
Based on clarity in thinking
Every visual element should help
convey the message
‘So-what’ rather than descriptive ‘what it
is’ or ‘what we did’

39. Increasing the efficacy of the slide requires you to consider slide construction
Information formats are critical
to getting insight
Right use of visual elements
provide clarity to audience
Style should be informed by
audience and context
• Choice depends on what the
audience should take away
(bullet points, tables, charts,
graphics…)
• Following basic rules helps you fit
the right chart to the message/
data
• Combining formats can make the
message stronger
• Visualisation helps audience
understand more quickly
• Colours, shapes, images, fonts and
layouts should work for readability
and clarity
• The message and style should be
tailored to audience and context
• Audience and context – Balance
between simplicity vs. depth,
numbers or texts or pictures
• Calls for simple slides, simplicity
means clarity in thinking

40. Words (bullet-points)
• Lead an audience through logic flow
(S-C-Q)
• Summarise findings and
recommendations, e.g. executive
summary
• Present qualitative information
• Most concepts can be effectively
described in words
• Present very simplistic data

41. 00%
00%
00%
Tables
• See specific numbers
• Buy into a calculation methodology
• Compare and contrast qualitative
information

42. Conceptual graphics
• Remember relative trends
• Visualise a flow
• Visualise patterns
• Visualise concepts
00%
00%
00%

43. Charts
Andrew Abela, http://www.verstaresearch.com/types-of-charts.jpg

44. Combination of charts and graphics

45. Activity 2. US green car market (20 min.)
• Situation: Your client is a mid-low tier car manufacturer and it is considering to invest more in the green cars
• Complication: The market prospect and the competition is not clear
• Question: Should your client invest more in this market?
• Data:
1. US Hybrid cars & EV sales and market share (2006 - 2013)
2. Key manufacturers’ Hybrid cars & EV launch dates (2000 – 2013)
Can you answer the question with one slide by structuring and visualising given information?

47. #4
Tips & resources
Magic Wand: John O'Shea

48. Less is more
Brian Suda, 2014, Designing with data
VS

49. Less is more
Brian Suda, 2014, Designing with data

50. Adopt recent design trend (1) Flat designs
20142010

51. Adopt recent design trend (2) Iconography

52. Adopt recent design trend (3) Infographic
Nielsen Company 2014 Report - Millennial Breaking The Myths

53. Adopt recent design trend (4) Full size image
Accenture Technology Vision 2015 - Digital Business Era

54. Checklist
• Standard template including colours and fonts used throughout
• Enough white space
• Text boxes and objects are aligned and of consistent size
• All bulleted text consistently indented on a given page and
across the deck, such that text “wraps” under text and not
under the bullet (spaces should not be used)
• Similar items on successive pages are placed in the same
location to prevent “choppy” transitions
• Wherever possible, charts, graphs, and pictures are PowerPoint
native vs. being cut and pasted from another application
• Deck has been printed to ensure presentation translates well to
grayscale or colors okay
• Spellcheck has been run and deck has been proofread by
multiple individuals where possible
• All graph and table axes labeled and include descriptive titles
(including date ranges of data, etc.)
• All data sources accurately cited at the bottom of relevant
pages; all citations are consistently formatted and colored
• Numbers, including graph axes, do not include extraneous or
unnecessary use of digits or decimals
• Keys or legends included with tables, graphs, etc. where
necessary
Logic/ Flow
• Follow the Minto Pyramid Principle
• Deliverable has a logical flow that tells a story (horizontal logic
stands alone) vs. a linear description of “what we did”
• Horizontal logic limited to two lines with consistent font sizing
• Pages are CLEAR—Comprehensive, have Liveliness, Elegant,
Accurate, and Relevant
Formatting
Mechanics

55. Resources and tools
• <The Minto Pyramid Principle>,
Barbara Minto
• <The BCG Way: The Art of the
Hypothesis Driven Management>,
Boston Consulting Group
• <Slideology>, Nancy Duarte
• <Resonate>, Nancy Duarte
Logic and flow Data visualisation Design and images
• Slideshare, www.slideshare.net/
• Pixabay, www.pixabay.com/
• Pixlr, www.pixlr.com/
• Piktochart, http://piktochart.com/
• Economist Intelligence Unit,
www.eiu.com/
• The Guardian Data Blog,
www.theguardian.com/data
• Visualising data,
www.visualisingdata.com/
• Data visualization, UK Government,
https://www.gov.uk/service-
manual/user-centred-design/data-
visualisation.html

56. Slide ethics
• Representation – be aware that you
are representing (a part of) the
world through slides
• Publicity - check visual and verbal
expressions
• Copyrights – clearly cite references

57. END
Thank you
Lubynoel@gmail.com