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‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺎﺕ‬




‫١‬             ‫‪ - EngSkills.com‬ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﳍﻨﺪﺳﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻫﺪﺍﻑ‬
  ‫• ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻻ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ‬
                                            ‫ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻣﻴﺔ‬
    ‫• ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﻟﻜﻦ‬
 ‫ﻟﻸﺳﻒ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﻻ ﻳﻠﺘﻔﺖ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬
      ‫ﻭ ﻳﺮﻛﺰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺷﺢ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ‬
                                ‫ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬
‫• ‪‬ﺪﻑ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺇﻋﻄﺎﺀ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔﻴﺔ ﺑﺴﻴﻄﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬
            ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﻭﺃﻧﻮﺍﻋﻬﺎ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻻ‪‬ﺎ‬

  ‫• ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ ﺍﳌﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬
                     ‫ﺍﳍﻨﺪﺳﻴﺔ ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎ ﻗﺮﻳﺒﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬
‫• ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺔ ﻫﻲ ﻣﻌﺪﺓ ﺗﺰﻭﺩ ﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺑﻨﻮﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻟﻜﻲ‬
                          ‫ﺗﻨﻘﻠﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻵﺧﺮ‬
  ‫• ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﺘﻢ ‪‬ﺎ ﺗﺰﻭﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻫﻲ‬
                           ‫ﻣﺎ ﳛﺪﺩ ﻓﺌﺔ ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺔ‬
    ‫• ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺰﻭﻳﺪ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﲢﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ‬
    ‫ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻀﺨﺔ ﻭﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺔ‬
                                     ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ‬
‫ﻭﻇﺎﺋﻒ ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺎﺕ‬
              ‫• ﲤﻜﻦ ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﳑﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ:‬
‫‪ o‬ﺍﳉﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺿﻐﻂ ﻣﻨﺨﻔﺾ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬
                          ‫ﺿﻐﻂ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫‪ o‬ﺍﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻣﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ‬
                     ‫‪ o‬ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ‬
‫ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺎﺕ‬
‫• ﺗﺘﻨﻮﻉ ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺃﺣﺠﺎﻣﻬﺎ ﻭﺑﻨﺎﺋﻬﺎ ﻭﻣﺒﺪﺃ‬
                                   ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻬﺎ‬
                   ‫• ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻔﺎﻥ ﺭﺋﻴﺴﻴﺎﻥ‬
                             ‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺎﺕ:‬
                    ‫‪ o‬ﻣﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﺩ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺰﻱ‬
                                ‫)‪(Centrifugal‬‬
                   ‫‪ o‬ﻣﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺯﺍﺣﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﺒﺔ‬
                    ‫)‪(Positive displacement‬‬
‫ﳐﻀﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﺩ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺰﻱ‬
     ‫ﲢﺘﻮﻱ ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺭﺩﺓ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺰﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﻓﺎﻉ )‪ (impeller‬ﺩﻭﺍﺭ‬
                        ‫ﹼ‬                                     ‫•‬
         ‫ﻣﻐﻤﻮﺭ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ. ﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺪﻓﺎﻉ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻔﺮﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﺮﻭﺣﺔ.‬
   ‫ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺔ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﻓﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬
            ‫ﹼ‬                                                 ‫•‬
                  ‫ﺗﺪﻓﻊ ﺷﻔﺮﺍﺗﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺝ ﺑﻀﻐﻂ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ.‬
  ‫ﻟﻠﻜﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻴﻠﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﺛﺮ ﺍﻟﺪﻓﺎﻉ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ‬          ‫•‬
‫ﳌﻌﺪﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻀﻐﻮﻃﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻴﻠﺔ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﲡﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖ‬        ‫•‬
    ‫ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺔ ﻣﺘﻮﺍﺯﻱ ﶈﻮﺭ ﻋﻤﻮﺩ ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺔ ﻭﰲ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ‬
                           ‫ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ ﻳﺴﻤﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖ ﺍﶈﻮﺭﻱ‬
            ‫ﰲ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﻓﺎﻉ ﻛﺎﳌﺮﻭﺣﺔ ﲤﺎﻣﺎ‬      ‫•‬
‫ﻣﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﺩ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺰﻱ‬
‫• ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﳉﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ ﺇﱃ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‬
                                ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺪﺭﻳﺞ‬
                        ‫• ﰲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ‬
                       ‫ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﺘﺪﺍﺧﻞ ﺻﻔﺎﺕ ﻇﺮﻭﻑ‬
                          ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺗﺴﻤﻰ ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺔ‬
                       ‫ﲟﻀﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﻓﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻄﺔ‬
                            ‫)‪(Mixed flow pump‬‬
‫ﻣﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺯﺍﺣﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﺒﺔ‬

‫ﺗﺘﻨﻮﻉ ﻣﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺯﺍﺣﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﺒﺔ )‪(Positive displacement pumps‬‬           ‫•‬
                                                      ‫ﺑﺄﻧﻮﺍﻋﻬﺎ.‬
                                ‫ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺗﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺰﺀ ﺩﻭ‪‬ﺍﺭ ﻭﺃﺟﺰﺍﺀ‬    ‫•‬
                            ‫ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﺗﺘﺤﺮﻙ ﰲ ﻏﻼﻑ ﻣﻐﻠﻖ ﻭﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬
                                               ‫ﳛﺘﻮﻱ ﻫﺬﻩ ﻟﻘﻄﻊ.‬
                              ‫ﻳﻨﺤﺒﺲ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﻏﺎﺕ ﺑﲔ‬          ‫•‬
                                   ‫ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﻊ ﰒ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺩﻓﻌﻪ ﺇﱃ‬
                                    ‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺿﻐﻂ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ.‬
    ‫ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺳﻴﺔ )‪ (Gear pump‬ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ. ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ‬           ‫•‬
  ‫ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻷﺟﺰﺍﺀ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻫﻲ ﺃﺳﻨﺎﻥ ﺗﺮﺱ ﺍﳉﲑ.‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ؟‬
  ‫ﻣﺎﻟﻔﺮﻕ ﺑﲔ ﻣﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﺩ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺰﻱ ﻭﻣﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺯﺍﺣﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﺒﺔ؟‬
       ‫ﻳﻜﻤﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻔﲔ ﰲ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ‬

 ‫ﺗﻘﻮﻡ ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺭﺩﺓ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺰﻳﺔ‬
                                ‫ﺗﻨﻘﻞ ﻣﻀﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﺩ ﻃﺎﻗﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺘﺤﺮﻳﻚ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ‬
                              ‫ﺍﳊﺮﻛﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ. ﻃﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﳊﺮﻛﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻏﻼﻑ ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺔ ﺑﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ‬
                               ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﺗﺘﺤﻮﻝ ﺇﱃ ﻃﺎﻗﺔ ﺿﻐﻂ‬
 ‫ﻗﻮﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﻴﺰ ﺍﶈﺘﻮﻱ ﻟﻠﺴﺎﺋﻞ.‬
                              ‫ﻋﻨﺪ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻏﻼﻑ ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺔ.‬
‫ﻣﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺯﺍﺣﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﺒﺔ‬
         ‫ﺗﻨﻘﺴﻢ ﻣﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺯﺍﺣﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﺒﺔ ﺑﺪﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﺇﱃ ﻧﻮﻋﲔ:‬

                  ‫• ﺗﺮﺩﺩﻱ )‪ (reciprocating‬ﻭﺩﻭﺍﺭﺓ )‪(rotary‬‬

 ‫• ﺗﻘﻮﻡ ﻣﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺯﺍﺣﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺩﺩﻳﺔ ﺑﻨﻘﻞ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ‬
        ‫ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﻋﻤﻮﺩ ﻣﺮﻓﻘﻲ )‪ ،(crank shaft‬ﻛﺎﻡ ﻣﻨﺤﺮﻑ‬
‫)‪ (eccentric cam‬ﺃﻭ ﺑﺪﻳﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﻣﻀﻐﻮﻁ ﳛﺮﻙ ﺑﺴﺘﻮﻥ،‬
                           ‫ﺑﻠﻨﺠﺮ ﺃﻭ ﻏﺸﺎﺀ ﲝﺮﻛﺔ ﻣﺘﺮﺩﺩﺓ.‬
‫ﻣﻌﺪﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖ‬
         ‫ﻣﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺯﺍﺣﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﺒﺔ‬                   ‫ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺭﺩﺓ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺰﻳﺔ‬
 ‫• ﺗﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﻣﻌﺪﻻﺕ ﺗﺪﻓﻖ‬                    ‫ﺗﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻟﻠﺘﺪﻓﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑﺓ.‬      ‫•‬
    ‫ﻣﻦ ﻣﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ ﺟﺪﺍ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ‬              ‫ﻣﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺎﻋﻲ ﻭ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻂ‬          ‫•‬
        ‫)ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﺁﻻﻑ ﻏﺎﻟﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ(.‬     ‫)‪ (axial and mixed‬ﺗﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻟﻠﺘﺪﻓﻘﺎﺕ‬
                                                           ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻴﻠﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ.‬
‫• ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺎ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻊ ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺩﺩﻳﺔ‬
                                              ‫ﻟﻜﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑﺓ ﺗﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ‬       ‫•‬
    ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﻣﻌﺪﻻﺕ ﺗﺪﻓﻖ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
                                       ‫ﻣﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖ ﺍﶈﻮﺭﻱ )‪ (axial‬ﻭﳌﻌﺪﻻﺕ‬
   ‫ﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﺗﺼﺒﺢ ﻣﻜﻠﻔﺔ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻛﺒﲑ‬            ‫ﺗﺪﻓﻖ ﺗﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯ ﺍﳌﺎﺋﺔ ﺃﻟﻒ ﻏﺎﻟﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ.‬
  ‫• ﺗﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺩﺩﻳﺔ‬         ‫ﺗﻔﺘﻘﺪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﺪﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖ‬       ‫•‬
   ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﻣﻌﺪﻻﺕ ﺗﺪﻓﻖ‬                                  ‫ﺍﳌﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ.‬
 ‫ﻗﻠﻴﻠﺔ ﺟﺪﺍ ﺗﺼﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺃﺟﺰﺍﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﺎﻟﻮﻥ‬        ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﻃﺮﺩ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻳﺔ‬        ‫•‬
       ‫ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﳑﺎ ﳝﻨﺤﻬﺎ ﺃﻓﻀﻠﻴﺔ‬       ‫ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺪﻓﻖ ﺃﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﻏﺎﻟﻮﻧﺎﺕ‬
 ‫ﻟﻼﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ‬                ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﻔﻀﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ‬
               ‫ﺣﻘﻦ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ.‬      ‫ﻣﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺯﺍﺣﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ‬
                                             ‫ﻣﻌﺪﻻﺕ ﺗﺪﻓﻖ ﺃﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻏﺎﻟﻮﻥ‬
                                                                     ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ‬
         ‫ﻣﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺯﺍﺣﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﺒﺔ‬              ‫ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺭﺩﺓ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺰﻳﺔ‬
      ‫• ﻣﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺯﺍﺣﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﺭﺓ‬        ‫• ﺗﻌﺘﱪ ﺍﻷﻓﻀﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ‬
‫ﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺭﺩﺓ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺰﻳﺔ‬       ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﳌﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ.‬
           ‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﰲ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﺣﺎﳍﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ‬
 ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﳍﺎ ﰲ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻮﻁ‬             ‫• ﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﻣﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺫﺍﺕ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ‬
            ‫ﺍﳌﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ.‬         ‫ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺿﻐﻮﻃﺎﺕ‬
   ‫• ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺩﺩﻳﺔ ﺗﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﺃﺣﻴﺎﻧﺎ‬                              ‫ﺃﻛﱪ‬
         ‫ﻛﺜﲑﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻮﻃﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
                                      ‫• ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺍﳊﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺿﻐﻂ ﻣﻌﲔ ﻣﻦ‬
 ‫• ﰲ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ ﺍﳊﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬               ‫ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺿﻐﻂ ﺍﻻﻃﻔﺎﺀ‬
     ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ٠٠٠١ ﺑﻮﺻﺔ/ﺇﻧﺶ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ‬         ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻀﺨﺔ )‪ (shut off pressure‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬
‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺩﺩﻳﺔ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻮﺍﺋﻤﺔ‬               ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺩﺍﺋﻤﺎ ﺃﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ‬
 ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺬﺍﺕ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻌﺪﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖ‬        ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻀﺨﺔ ﻭﺑﺎﻟﻄﺒﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
       ‫ﺗﺘﺄﺭﺟﺢ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻠﻴﻠﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ‬             ‫ﻗﺪﺭﺓ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ ﻭﺗﺼﻤﻴﻤﻪ‬
‫ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ‬
                                                                                             ‫٠١٤‬


    ‫تقسيمة استخدام‬                                                          ‫ﳐﻀﺎﺕ‬
 ‫المضخات بناء على‬                                                            ‫ﺇﺯﺍﺣﺔ‬
    ‫الضغط والتدفق.‬                                                                           ‫٠١٣‬
                                                          ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‬




                                                                                                   ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﻀﺎﺭﺏ )ﻡ(‬
                                                                                                    ‫)ﻡ‬
                                                        ‫)ﺳﺮﻳﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭﺍﻥ(‬
     ‫المناطق الخضراء:‬
                                                                ‫ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓ‬
         ‫مضخات طرد‬                                                   ‫ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺣﻞ‬
                               ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‬                                                   ‫٠١٢‬
              ‫مركزي‬
                                  ‫٠٥٧١‬
                                ‫ﺩﻭﺭﺓ/ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ‬             ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‬
      ‫المنطقة الحمراء:‬                                ‫٠٠٥٣ ﺩﻭﺭﺓ/ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ‬
       ‫مخضات إزاحة‬
                                                                                             ‫٠١‬
                ‫موجبة‬
                         ‫٠١٥‬        ‫٠١٤‬         ‫٠١٣‬           ‫٠١٢‬              ‫٠١‬
                                             ‫ﻣﻌﺪﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖ )ﻡ٣/ﺱ(‬

‫٣١‬                                                         ‫‪ - EngSkills.com‬ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﳍﻨﺪﺳﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺍﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺩ‬
‫ﻣﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺯﺍﺣﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﺒﺔ‬                          ‫ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺭﺩﺓ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺰﻳﺔ‬
   ‫ﻫﻲ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺍﺋﻞ‬         ‫•‬          ‫• ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺩﺭﺟﺎﺕ‬
              ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﲑ ﻧﻈﻴﻔﺔ.‬                         ‫ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺗﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻓﺔ‬
      ‫ﻛﻮﻥ ﺃﺟﺰﺍﺋﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﻻ ﺗﺘﺤﺮﻙ‬     ‫•‬        ‫• ﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﺧﻴﺎﺭ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻟﻠﺴﻮﺍﺋﻞ‬
‫ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻓﻬﻲ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻷﻧﺴﺐ‬              ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﺰﻭﺟﺔ. ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺿﻴﺎﻉ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
                     ‫ﻟﻠﺴﻮﺍﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﻠﺰﺟﺔ.‬           ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬
          ‫ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻓﻬﻲ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺍﺩ‬       ‫•‬            ‫)ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺩ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻠﺰﻭﺟﺔ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ‬
                ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺷﻄﺔ )‪(abrasive‬‬                                  ‫٠٠٠٤‪.(SSU‬‬
    ‫ﲞﻼﻑ ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺭﺩﺓ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺰﻳﺔ،.‬       ‫•‬    ‫• ﻫﻲ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﶈﺘﻮﻳﺔ‬
       ‫ﲢﺘﻔﻆ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﲞﺎﺻﻴﺔ‬               ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﻮﺍﺀ ﺃﻭ ﻏﺎﺯ )٢% ﻛﺤﺪ ﺃﻗﺼﻰ ﻭﰲ‬
 ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻭﳝﻜﻦ‬               ‫ﺣﺎﻻﺕ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺟﺪﺍ ﻟﻐﺎﻳﺔ ٠١% ﻟﻜﻦ‬
   ‫ﳍﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺍﺋﻞ‬
                                                  ‫ﳚﺐ ﺍﻥ ﺗﺆﺧﺬ ﺑﻌﲔ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻋﻨﺪ‬
 ‫ﺍﶈﺘﻮﻳﺔ ﻋﻞ ٠٥% ﻣﻦ ﺍﳍﻮﺍﺀ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯ.‬
                                                                    ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ(‬
‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎﺕ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬
   ‫ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺭﺩﺓ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺰﻳﺔ ﻭﻣﻌﻈﻢ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﺭﺓ‬      ‫•‬
      ‫ﺗﻮﻓﺮ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﻨﺘﻈﻢ ﻭﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺩﺩﻳﺔ ﺗﻨﺘﺞ‬
                                 ‫ﺗﺪﻓﻘﺎﺕ ﻧﺒﻀﻴﺔ ﻭﻣﺘﺬﺑﺬﺑﺔ‬
 ‫ﻗﺪ ﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺧﺎﺹ ﻭﺍﲣﺎﺫ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﺣﺘﻴﺎﻃﺎﺕ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬        ‫•‬
                 ‫ﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﻓﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺩﺩﻳﺔ‬
‫ﰲ ﺣﺎﻝ ﻛﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺔ ﰲ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺑﻌﻴﺪ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺼﺪﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ )ﺧﻂ‬            ‫•‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺤﺐ( ﻓﺈﻥ ﺗﺴﺮﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﺤﺐ ﻗﺪ ﻳﺴﺎﻫﻢ ﰲ ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﺍﳔﻔﺎﺽ‬
                 ‫ﺻﺎﰲ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻂ ﺍﻟﺴﺤﺐ )‪(NPSH‬‬
    ‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺻﻤﺎﻡ ﻣﻨﻈﻢ ﻟﻠﻨﺒﻀﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﳐﺮﺝ ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺔ‬             ‫•‬
       ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺩﺩﻳﺔ ﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺃﺛﺮ ﻣﻮﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﲡﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖ‬
                                                 ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻀﻲ‬
‫ﻛﻠﻒ ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺎﺕ‬
 ‫• ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺭﺩﺓ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺰﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻛﻜﻠﻔﺔ ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﺃﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻠﻔﺔ ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺩﺩﻳﺔ‬

 ‫• ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻠﻴﺔ )ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺍﺳﺘﻬﻼﻙ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ(‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺭﺩﺓ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺰﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﺭﺓ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻠﻒ‬
                      ‫ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺩﺩﻳﺔ‬

‫• ﻛﻠﻒ ﺻﻴﺎﻧﺔ ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺭﺩﺓ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺰﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻀﺨﺎﺕ‬
   ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﺭﺓ ﺃﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻠﻒ ﺻﻴﺎﻧﺔ ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺩﺩﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺍﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺩ‬

    ‫• ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺭﺩﺓ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺰﻳﺔ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺫﺍﺕ‬
                       ‫ﺩﺭﺟﺎﺕ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺗﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻓﺔ‬

     ‫• ﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﺧﻴﺎﺭ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻟﻠﺴﻮﺍﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﺰﻭﺟﺔ.‬
‫ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺿﻴﺎﻉ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬
              ‫)ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺩ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻠﺰﻭﺟﺔ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ٠٠٠٤‪.(SSU‬‬

 ‫• ﻫﻲ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﶈﺘﻮﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﻮﺍﺀ ﺃﻭ ﻏﺎﺯ‬
   ‫)٢% ﻛﺤﺪ ﺃﻗﺼﻰ ﻭﰲ ﺣﺎﻻﺕ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺟﺪﺍ ﻟﻐﺎﻳﺔ ٠١%‬
       ‫ﻟﻜﻦ ﳚﺐ ﺍﻥ ﺗﺆﺧﺬ ﺑﻌﲔ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ(‬
‫ﺍﳌﺰﻳﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﻔﺤﺔ‬

        ‫ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﳍﻨﺪﺳﻴﺔ‬


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مقدمة عن المضخات

  • 1. ‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺎﺕ‬ ‫١‬ ‫‪ - EngSkills.com‬ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﳍﻨﺪﺳﻴﺔ‬
  • 2. ‫ﺍﻷﻫﺪﺍﻑ‬ ‫• ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻻ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻣﻴﺔ‬ ‫• ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﻟﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻸﺳﻒ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﻻ ﻳﻠﺘﻔﺖ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻳﺮﻛﺰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺷﺢ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬ ‫• ‪‬ﺪﻑ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺇﻋﻄﺎﺀ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔﻴﺔ ﺑﺴﻴﻄﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﻭﺃﻧﻮﺍﻋﻬﺎ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻻ‪‬ﺎ‬ ‫• ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ ﺍﳌﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﳍﻨﺪﺳﻴﺔ ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎ ﻗﺮﻳﺒﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬
  • 3. ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫• ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺔ ﻫﻲ ﻣﻌﺪﺓ ﺗﺰﻭﺩ ﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺑﻨﻮﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻟﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻘﻠﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻵﺧﺮ‬ ‫• ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﺘﻢ ‪‬ﺎ ﺗﺰﻭﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ ﳛﺪﺩ ﻓﺌﺔ ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺔ‬ ‫• ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺰﻭﻳﺪ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﲢﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻀﺨﺔ ﻭﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ‬
  • 4. ‫ﻭﻇﺎﺋﻒ ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺎﺕ‬ ‫• ﲤﻜﻦ ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﳑﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ:‬ ‫‪ o‬ﺍﳉﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺿﻐﻂ ﻣﻨﺨﻔﺾ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺿﻐﻂ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫‪ o‬ﺍﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻣﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫‪ o‬ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ‬
  • 5. ‫ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺎﺕ‬ ‫• ﺗﺘﻨﻮﻉ ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺃﺣﺠﺎﻣﻬﺎ ﻭﺑﻨﺎﺋﻬﺎ ﻭﻣﺒﺪﺃ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫• ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻔﺎﻥ ﺭﺋﻴﺴﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺎﺕ:‬ ‫‪ o‬ﻣﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﺩ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺰﻱ‬ ‫)‪(Centrifugal‬‬ ‫‪ o‬ﻣﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺯﺍﺣﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﺒﺔ‬ ‫)‪(Positive displacement‬‬
  • 6. ‫ﳐﻀﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﺩ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺰﻱ‬ ‫ﲢﺘﻮﻱ ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺭﺩﺓ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺰﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﻓﺎﻉ )‪ (impeller‬ﺩﻭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﹼ‬ ‫•‬ ‫ﻣﻐﻤﻮﺭ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ. ﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺪﻓﺎﻉ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻔﺮﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﺮﻭﺣﺔ.‬ ‫ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺔ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﻓﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﹼ‬ ‫•‬ ‫ﺗﺪﻓﻊ ﺷﻔﺮﺍﺗﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺝ ﺑﻀﻐﻂ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ.‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻜﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻴﻠﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﺛﺮ ﺍﻟﺪﻓﺎﻉ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ‬ ‫•‬ ‫ﳌﻌﺪﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻀﻐﻮﻃﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻴﻠﺔ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﲡﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖ‬ ‫•‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺔ ﻣﺘﻮﺍﺯﻱ ﶈﻮﺭ ﻋﻤﻮﺩ ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺔ ﻭﰲ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ ﻳﺴﻤﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖ ﺍﶈﻮﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﰲ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﻓﺎﻉ ﻛﺎﳌﺮﻭﺣﺔ ﲤﺎﻣﺎ‬ ‫•‬
  • 7. ‫ﻣﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﺩ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺰﻱ‬ ‫• ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﳉﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ ﺇﱃ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺪﺭﻳﺞ‬ ‫• ﰲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﺘﺪﺍﺧﻞ ﺻﻔﺎﺕ ﻇﺮﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺗﺴﻤﻰ ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺔ‬ ‫ﲟﻀﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﻓﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻄﺔ‬ ‫)‪(Mixed flow pump‬‬
  • 8. ‫ﻣﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺯﺍﺣﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻨﻮﻉ ﻣﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺯﺍﺣﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﺒﺔ )‪(Positive displacement pumps‬‬ ‫•‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻧﻮﺍﻋﻬﺎ.‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺗﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺰﺀ ﺩﻭ‪‬ﺍﺭ ﻭﺃﺟﺰﺍﺀ‬ ‫•‬ ‫ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﺗﺘﺤﺮﻙ ﰲ ﻏﻼﻑ ﻣﻐﻠﻖ ﻭﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬ ‫ﳛﺘﻮﻱ ﻫﺬﻩ ﻟﻘﻄﻊ.‬ ‫ﻳﻨﺤﺒﺲ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﻏﺎﺕ ﺑﲔ‬ ‫•‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﻊ ﰒ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺩﻓﻌﻪ ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺿﻐﻂ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ.‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺳﻴﺔ )‪ (Gear pump‬ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ. ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫•‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻷﺟﺰﺍﺀ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻫﻲ ﺃﺳﻨﺎﻥ ﺗﺮﺱ ﺍﳉﲑ.‬
  • 9. ‫ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ؟‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻟﻔﺮﻕ ﺑﲔ ﻣﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﺩ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺰﻱ ﻭﻣﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺯﺍﺣﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﺒﺔ؟‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻤﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻔﲔ ﰲ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻮﻡ ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺭﺩﺓ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻘﻞ ﻣﻀﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﺩ ﻃﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﺤﺮﻳﻚ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﻛﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ. ﻃﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﳊﺮﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻏﻼﻑ ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺔ ﺑﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﺗﺘﺤﻮﻝ ﺇﱃ ﻃﺎﻗﺔ ﺿﻐﻂ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﻴﺰ ﺍﶈﺘﻮﻱ ﻟﻠﺴﺎﺋﻞ.‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻏﻼﻑ ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺔ.‬
  • 10. ‫ﻣﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺯﺍﺣﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻘﺴﻢ ﻣﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺯﺍﺣﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﺒﺔ ﺑﺪﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﺇﱃ ﻧﻮﻋﲔ:‬ ‫• ﺗﺮﺩﺩﻱ )‪ (reciprocating‬ﻭﺩﻭﺍﺭﺓ )‪(rotary‬‬ ‫• ﺗﻘﻮﻡ ﻣﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺯﺍﺣﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺩﺩﻳﺔ ﺑﻨﻘﻞ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﻋﻤﻮﺩ ﻣﺮﻓﻘﻲ )‪ ،(crank shaft‬ﻛﺎﻡ ﻣﻨﺤﺮﻑ‬ ‫)‪ (eccentric cam‬ﺃﻭ ﺑﺪﻳﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﻣﻀﻐﻮﻁ ﳛﺮﻙ ﺑﺴﺘﻮﻥ،‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻨﺠﺮ ﺃﻭ ﻏﺸﺎﺀ ﲝﺮﻛﺔ ﻣﺘﺮﺩﺩﺓ.‬
  • 11. ‫ﻣﻌﺪﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺯﺍﺣﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺭﺩﺓ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫• ﺗﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﻣﻌﺪﻻﺕ ﺗﺪﻓﻖ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻟﻠﺘﺪﻓﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑﺓ.‬ ‫•‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﻣﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ ﺟﺪﺍ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺎﻋﻲ ﻭ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻂ‬ ‫•‬ ‫)ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﺁﻻﻑ ﻏﺎﻟﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ(.‬ ‫)‪ (axial and mixed‬ﺗﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻟﻠﺘﺪﻓﻘﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻴﻠﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ.‬ ‫• ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺎ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻊ ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺩﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑﺓ ﺗﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫•‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﻣﻌﺪﻻﺕ ﺗﺪﻓﻖ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖ ﺍﶈﻮﺭﻱ )‪ (axial‬ﻭﳌﻌﺪﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﺗﺼﺒﺢ ﻣﻜﻠﻔﺔ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻛﺒﲑ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﻓﻖ ﺗﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯ ﺍﳌﺎﺋﺔ ﺃﻟﻒ ﻏﺎﻟﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ.‬ ‫• ﺗﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺩﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺘﻘﺪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﺪﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖ‬ ‫•‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﻣﻌﺪﻻﺕ ﺗﺪﻓﻖ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ.‬ ‫ﻗﻠﻴﻠﺔ ﺟﺪﺍ ﺗﺼﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺃﺟﺰﺍﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﺎﻟﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﻃﺮﺩ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫•‬ ‫ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﳑﺎ ﳝﻨﺤﻬﺎ ﺃﻓﻀﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺪﻓﻖ ﺃﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﻏﺎﻟﻮﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﻼﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﻔﻀﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻦ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ.‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺯﺍﺣﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺪﻻﺕ ﺗﺪﻓﻖ ﺃﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻏﺎﻟﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ‬
  • 12. ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺯﺍﺣﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺭﺩﺓ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫• ﻣﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺯﺍﺣﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫• ﺗﻌﺘﱪ ﺍﻷﻓﻀﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺭﺩﺓ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﳌﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ.‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﰲ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﺣﺎﳍﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﳍﺎ ﰲ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻮﻁ‬ ‫• ﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﻣﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺫﺍﺕ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ.‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺿﻐﻮﻃﺎﺕ‬ ‫• ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺩﺩﻳﺔ ﺗﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﺃﺣﻴﺎﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻛﱪ‬ ‫ﻛﺜﲑﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻮﻃﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫• ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺍﳊﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺿﻐﻂ ﻣﻌﲔ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫• ﰲ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ ﺍﳊﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺿﻐﻂ ﺍﻻﻃﻔﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ٠٠٠١ ﺑﻮﺻﺔ/ﺇﻧﺶ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻀﺨﺔ )‪ (shut off pressure‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺩﺩﻳﺔ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻮﺍﺋﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺩﺍﺋﻤﺎ ﺃﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺬﺍﺕ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻌﺪﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻀﺨﺔ ﻭﺑﺎﻟﻄﺒﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﺄﺭﺟﺢ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻠﻴﻠﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺪﺭﺓ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ ﻭﺗﺼﻤﻴﻤﻪ‬
  • 13. ‫ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫٠١٤‬ ‫تقسيمة استخدام‬ ‫ﳐﻀﺎﺕ‬ ‫المضخات بناء على‬ ‫ﺇﺯﺍﺣﺔ‬ ‫الضغط والتدفق.‬ ‫٠١٣‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﻀﺎﺭﺏ )ﻡ(‬ ‫)ﻡ‬ ‫)ﺳﺮﻳﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭﺍﻥ(‬ ‫المناطق الخضراء:‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓ‬ ‫مضخات طرد‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺣﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‬ ‫٠١٢‬ ‫مركزي‬ ‫٠٥٧١‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺭﺓ/ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‬ ‫المنطقة الحمراء:‬ ‫٠٠٥٣ ﺩﻭﺭﺓ/ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫مخضات إزاحة‬ ‫٠١‬ ‫موجبة‬ ‫٠١٥‬ ‫٠١٤‬ ‫٠١٣‬ ‫٠١٢‬ ‫٠١‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺪﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖ )ﻡ٣/ﺱ(‬ ‫٣١‬ ‫‪ - EngSkills.com‬ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﳍﻨﺪﺳﻴﺔ‬
  • 14. ‫ﻣﻮﺍﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺯﺍﺣﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺭﺩﺓ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺍﺋﻞ‬ ‫•‬ ‫• ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺩﺭﺟﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﲑ ﻧﻈﻴﻔﺔ.‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺗﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻮﻥ ﺃﺟﺰﺍﺋﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﻻ ﺗﺘﺤﺮﻙ‬ ‫•‬ ‫• ﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﺧﻴﺎﺭ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻟﻠﺴﻮﺍﺋﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻓﻬﻲ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻷﻧﺴﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﺰﻭﺟﺔ. ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺿﻴﺎﻉ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺴﻮﺍﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﻠﺰﺟﺔ.‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻓﻬﻲ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺍﺩ‬ ‫•‬ ‫)ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺩ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻠﺰﻭﺟﺔ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺷﻄﺔ )‪(abrasive‬‬ ‫٠٠٠٤‪.(SSU‬‬ ‫ﲞﻼﻑ ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺭﺩﺓ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺰﻳﺔ،.‬ ‫•‬ ‫• ﻫﻲ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﶈﺘﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﲢﺘﻔﻆ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﲞﺎﺻﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﻮﺍﺀ ﺃﻭ ﻏﺎﺯ )٢% ﻛﺤﺪ ﺃﻗﺼﻰ ﻭﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻭﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻻﺕ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺟﺪﺍ ﻟﻐﺎﻳﺔ ٠١% ﻟﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﳍﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺍﺋﻞ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ ﺍﻥ ﺗﺆﺧﺬ ﺑﻌﲔ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﶈﺘﻮﻳﺔ ﻋﻞ ٠٥% ﻣﻦ ﺍﳍﻮﺍﺀ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯ.‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ(‬
  • 15. ‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎﺕ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺭﺩﺓ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺰﻳﺔ ﻭﻣﻌﻈﻢ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫•‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻓﺮ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﻨﺘﻈﻢ ﻭﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺩﺩﻳﺔ ﺗﻨﺘﺞ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﻓﻘﺎﺕ ﻧﺒﻀﻴﺔ ﻭﻣﺘﺬﺑﺬﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ ﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺧﺎﺹ ﻭﺍﲣﺎﺫ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﺣﺘﻴﺎﻃﺎﺕ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫•‬ ‫ﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﻓﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺩﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ ﺣﺎﻝ ﻛﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺔ ﰲ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺑﻌﻴﺪ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺼﺪﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ )ﺧﻂ‬ ‫•‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺤﺐ( ﻓﺈﻥ ﺗﺴﺮﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﺤﺐ ﻗﺪ ﻳﺴﺎﻫﻢ ﰲ ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﺍﳔﻔﺎﺽ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﰲ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻂ ﺍﻟﺴﺤﺐ )‪(NPSH‬‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺻﻤﺎﻡ ﻣﻨﻈﻢ ﻟﻠﻨﺒﻀﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﳐﺮﺝ ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺔ‬ ‫•‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺩﺩﻳﺔ ﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺃﺛﺮ ﻣﻮﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﲡﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻀﻲ‬
  • 16. ‫ﻛﻠﻒ ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺎﺕ‬ ‫• ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺭﺩﺓ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺰﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻛﻜﻠﻔﺔ ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﺃﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻠﻔﺔ ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺩﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫• ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻠﻴﺔ )ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺍﺳﺘﻬﻼﻙ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ(‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺭﺩﺓ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺰﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﺭﺓ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺩﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫• ﻛﻠﻒ ﺻﻴﺎﻧﺔ ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺭﺩﺓ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺰﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻀﺨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﺭﺓ ﺃﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻠﻒ ﺻﻴﺎﻧﺔ ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺩﺩﻳﺔ‬
  • 17. ‫ﻣﻮﺍﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺩ‬ ‫• ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺭﺩﺓ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺰﻳﺔ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺟﺎﺕ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺗﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫• ﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﺧﻴﺎﺭ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻟﻠﺴﻮﺍﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﺰﻭﺟﺔ.‬ ‫ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺿﻴﺎﻉ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫)ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺩ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻠﺰﻭﺟﺔ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ٠٠٠٤‪.(SSU‬‬ ‫• ﻫﻲ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﶈﺘﻮﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﻮﺍﺀ ﺃﻭ ﻏﺎﺯ‬ ‫)٢% ﻛﺤﺪ ﺃﻗﺼﻰ ﻭﰲ ﺣﺎﻻﺕ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺟﺪﺍ ﻟﻐﺎﻳﺔ ٠١%‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ ﳚﺐ ﺍﻥ ﺗﺆﺧﺬ ﺑﻌﲔ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ(‬
  • 18. ‫ﺍﳌﺰﻳﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﻔﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﳍﻨﺪﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪facebook.com/engskillscom‬‬ ‫٨١‬ ‫‪ - EngSkills.com‬ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﳍﻨﺪﺳﻴﺔ‬