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مقدمة عن المضخات
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مقدمة عن المضخات: أنواعها واستخداماتها المهارات الهندسية - EngSkills.com
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مقدمة عن المضخات
1.
ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺎﺕ ١
- EngSkills.comﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﳍﻨﺪﺳﻴﺔ
2.
ﺍﻷﻫﺪﺍﻑ •
ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻻ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻣﻴﺔ • ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﻟﻜﻦ ﻟﻸﺳﻒ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﻻ ﻳﻠﺘﻔﺖ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻭ ﻳﺮﻛﺰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺷﺢ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ • ﺪﻑ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺇﻋﻄﺎﺀ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔﻴﺔ ﺑﺴﻴﻄﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﻭﺃﻧﻮﺍﻋﻬﺎ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻻﺎ • ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ ﺍﳌﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﳍﻨﺪﺳﻴﺔ ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎ ﻗﺮﻳﺒﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ
3.
ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ • ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺔ ﻫﻲ
ﻣﻌﺪﺓ ﺗﺰﻭﺩ ﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺑﻨﻮﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻟﻜﻲ ﺗﻨﻘﻠﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻵﺧﺮ • ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺎ ﺗﺰﻭﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻫﻲ ﻣﺎ ﳛﺪﺩ ﻓﺌﺔ ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺔ • ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺰﻭﻳﺪ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﲢﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻀﺨﺔ ﻭﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ
4.
ﻭﻇﺎﺋﻒ ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺎﺕ
• ﲤﻜﻦ ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﳑﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ: oﺍﳉﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺿﻐﻂ ﻣﻨﺨﻔﺾ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺿﻐﻂ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ oﺍﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻣﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ oﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ
5.
ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺎﺕ • ﺗﺘﻨﻮﻉ
ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺃﺣﺠﺎﻣﻬﺎ ﻭﺑﻨﺎﺋﻬﺎ ﻭﻣﺒﺪﺃ ﻋﻤﻠﻬﺎ • ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻔﺎﻥ ﺭﺋﻴﺴﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺎﺕ: oﻣﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﺩ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺰﻱ )(Centrifugal oﻣﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺯﺍﺣﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﺒﺔ )(Positive displacement
6.
ﳐﻀﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﺩ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺰﻱ
ﲢﺘﻮﻱ ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺭﺩﺓ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺰﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﻓﺎﻉ ) (impellerﺩﻭﺍﺭ ﹼ • ﻣﻐﻤﻮﺭ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ. ﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺪﻓﺎﻉ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻔﺮﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﺮﻭﺣﺔ. ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺔ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﻓﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﹼ • ﺗﺪﻓﻊ ﺷﻔﺮﺍﺗﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺝ ﺑﻀﻐﻂ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ. ﻟﻠﻜﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻴﻠﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﺛﺮ ﺍﻟﺪﻓﺎﻉ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ • ﳌﻌﺪﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻀﻐﻮﻃﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻴﻠﺔ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﲡﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖ • ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺔ ﻣﺘﻮﺍﺯﻱ ﶈﻮﺭ ﻋﻤﻮﺩ ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺔ ﻭﰲ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ ﻳﺴﻤﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖ ﺍﶈﻮﺭﻱ ﰲ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﻓﺎﻉ ﻛﺎﳌﺮﻭﺣﺔ ﲤﺎﻣﺎ •
7.
ﻣﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﺩ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺰﻱ •
ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﳉﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ ﺇﱃ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺪﺭﻳﺞ • ﰲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﺘﺪﺍﺧﻞ ﺻﻔﺎﺕ ﻇﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺗﺴﻤﻰ ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺔ ﲟﻀﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﻓﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻄﺔ )(Mixed flow pump
8.
ﻣﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺯﺍﺣﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﺒﺔ ﺗﺘﻨﻮﻉ
ﻣﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺯﺍﺣﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﺒﺔ )(Positive displacement pumps • ﺑﺄﻧﻮﺍﻋﻬﺎ. ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺗﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺰﺀ ﺩﻭﺍﺭ ﻭﺃﺟﺰﺍﺀ • ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﺗﺘﺤﺮﻙ ﰲ ﻏﻼﻑ ﻣﻐﻠﻖ ﻭﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﳛﺘﻮﻱ ﻫﺬﻩ ﻟﻘﻄﻊ. ﻳﻨﺤﺒﺲ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﻏﺎﺕ ﺑﲔ • ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﻊ ﰒ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺩﻓﻌﻪ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺿﻐﻂ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ. ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺳﻴﺔ ) (Gear pumpﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ. ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ • ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻷﺟﺰﺍﺀ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻫﻲ ﺃﺳﻨﺎﻥ ﺗﺮﺱ ﺍﳉﲑ.
9.
ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ؟
ﻣﺎﻟﻔﺮﻕ ﺑﲔ ﻣﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﺩ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺰﻱ ﻭﻣﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺯﺍﺣﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﺒﺔ؟ ﻳﻜﻤﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻔﲔ ﰲ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺗﻘﻮﻡ ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺭﺩﺓ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺰﻳﺔ ﺗﻨﻘﻞ ﻣﻀﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﺩ ﻃﺎﻗﺔ ﺑﺘﺤﺮﻳﻚ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﳊﺮﻛﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ. ﻃﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﳊﺮﻛﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻏﻼﻑ ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺔ ﺑﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﺗﺘﺤﻮﻝ ﺇﱃ ﻃﺎﻗﺔ ﺿﻐﻂ ﻗﻮﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﻴﺰ ﺍﶈﺘﻮﻱ ﻟﻠﺴﺎﺋﻞ. ﻋﻨﺪ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻏﻼﻑ ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺔ.
10.
ﻣﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺯﺍﺣﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﺒﺔ
ﺗﻨﻘﺴﻢ ﻣﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺯﺍﺣﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﺒﺔ ﺑﺪﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﺇﱃ ﻧﻮﻋﲔ: • ﺗﺮﺩﺩﻱ ) (reciprocatingﻭﺩﻭﺍﺭﺓ )(rotary • ﺗﻘﻮﻡ ﻣﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺯﺍﺣﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺩﺩﻳﺔ ﺑﻨﻘﻞ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﻋﻤﻮﺩ ﻣﺮﻓﻘﻲ ) ،(crank shaftﻛﺎﻡ ﻣﻨﺤﺮﻑ ) (eccentric camﺃﻭ ﺑﺪﻳﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﻣﻀﻐﻮﻁ ﳛﺮﻙ ﺑﺴﺘﻮﻥ، ﺑﻠﻨﺠﺮ ﺃﻭ ﻏﺸﺎﺀ ﲝﺮﻛﺔ ﻣﺘﺮﺩﺩﺓ.
11.
ﻣﻌﺪﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖ
ﻣﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺯﺍﺣﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﺒﺔ ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺭﺩﺓ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺰﻳﺔ • ﺗﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﻣﻌﺪﻻﺕ ﺗﺪﻓﻖ ﺗﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻟﻠﺘﺪﻓﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑﺓ. • ﻣﻦ ﻣﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ ﺟﺪﺍ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﻣﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺎﻋﻲ ﻭ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻂ • )ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﺁﻻﻑ ﻏﺎﻟﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ(. ) (axial and mixedﺗﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻟﻠﺘﺪﻓﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻴﻠﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ. • ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺎ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻊ ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺩﺩﻳﺔ ﻟﻜﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑﺓ ﺗﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ • ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﻣﻌﺪﻻﺕ ﺗﺪﻓﻖ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖ ﺍﶈﻮﺭﻱ ) (axialﻭﳌﻌﺪﻻﺕ ﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﺗﺼﺒﺢ ﻣﻜﻠﻔﺔ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻛﺒﲑ ﺗﺪﻓﻖ ﺗﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯ ﺍﳌﺎﺋﺔ ﺃﻟﻒ ﻏﺎﻟﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ. • ﺗﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺩﺩﻳﺔ ﺗﻔﺘﻘﺪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﺪﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖ • ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﻣﻌﺪﻻﺕ ﺗﺪﻓﻖ ﺍﳌﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ. ﻗﻠﻴﻠﺔ ﺟﺪﺍ ﺗﺼﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺃﺟﺰﺍﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﺎﻟﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﻃﺮﺩ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻳﺔ • ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﳑﺎ ﳝﻨﺤﻬﺎ ﺃﻓﻀﻠﻴﺔ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺪﻓﻖ ﺃﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﻏﺎﻟﻮﻧﺎﺕ ﻟﻼﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﻔﻀﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﺣﻘﻦ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ. ﻣﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺯﺍﺣﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﻣﻌﺪﻻﺕ ﺗﺪﻓﻖ ﺃﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻏﺎﻟﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ
12.
ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ
ﻣﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺯﺍﺣﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﺒﺔ ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺭﺩﺓ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺰﻳﺔ • ﻣﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺯﺍﺣﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﺭﺓ • ﺗﻌﺘﱪ ﺍﻷﻓﻀﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺭﺩﺓ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺰﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﳌﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ. ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﰲ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﺣﺎﳍﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﳍﺎ ﰲ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻮﻁ • ﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﻣﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺫﺍﺕ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺍﳌﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ. ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺿﻐﻮﻃﺎﺕ • ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺩﺩﻳﺔ ﺗﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﺃﺣﻴﺎﻧﺎ ﺃﻛﱪ ﻛﺜﲑﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻮﻃﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ • ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺍﳊﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺿﻐﻂ ﻣﻌﲔ ﻣﻦ • ﰲ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ ﺍﳊﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺿﻐﻂ ﺍﻻﻃﻔﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ٠٠٠١ ﺑﻮﺻﺔ/ﺇﻧﺶ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﻟﻠﻤﻀﺨﺔ ) (shut off pressureﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺩﺩﻳﺔ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻮﺍﺋﻤﺔ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺩﺍﺋﻤﺎ ﺃﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﺑﺎﻟﺬﺍﺕ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻌﺪﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻀﺨﺔ ﻭﺑﺎﻟﻄﺒﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺘﺄﺭﺟﺢ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻠﻴﻠﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﻗﺪﺭﺓ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ ﻭﺗﺼﻤﻴﻤﻪ
13.
ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ
٠١٤ تقسيمة استخدام ﳐﻀﺎﺕ المضخات بناء على ﺇﺯﺍﺣﺔ الضغط والتدفق. ٠١٣ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﻀﺎﺭﺏ )ﻡ( )ﻡ )ﺳﺮﻳﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭﺍﻥ( المناطق الخضراء: ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓ مضخات طرد ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ٠١٢ مركزي ٠٥٧١ ﺩﻭﺭﺓ/ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ المنطقة الحمراء: ٠٠٥٣ ﺩﻭﺭﺓ/ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ مخضات إزاحة ٠١ موجبة ٠١٥ ٠١٤ ٠١٣ ٠١٢ ٠١ ﻣﻌﺪﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖ )ﻡ٣/ﺱ( ٣١ - EngSkills.comﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﳍﻨﺪﺳﻴﺔ
14.
ﻣﻮﺍﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺩ ﻣﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺯﺍﺣﺔ
ﺍﳌﻮﺟﺒﺔ ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺭﺩﺓ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺰﻳﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺍﺋﻞ • • ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺩﺭﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﲑ ﻧﻈﻴﻔﺔ. ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺗﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻓﺔ ﻛﻮﻥ ﺃﺟﺰﺍﺋﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﻻ ﺗﺘﺤﺮﻙ • • ﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﺧﻴﺎﺭ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻟﻠﺴﻮﺍﺋﻞ ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻓﻬﻲ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻷﻧﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﺰﻭﺟﺔ. ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺿﻴﺎﻉ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺴﻮﺍﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﻠﺰﺟﺔ. ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻓﻬﻲ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺍﺩ • )ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺩ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻠﺰﻭﺟﺔ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺷﻄﺔ )(abrasive ٠٠٠٤.(SSU ﲞﻼﻑ ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺭﺩﺓ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺰﻳﺔ،. • • ﻫﻲ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﶈﺘﻮﻳﺔ ﲢﺘﻔﻆ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﲞﺎﺻﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﻮﺍﺀ ﺃﻭ ﻏﺎﺯ )٢% ﻛﺤﺪ ﺃﻗﺼﻰ ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻭﳝﻜﻦ ﺣﺎﻻﺕ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺟﺪﺍ ﻟﻐﺎﻳﺔ ٠١% ﻟﻜﻦ ﳍﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺍﺋﻞ ﳚﺐ ﺍﻥ ﺗﺆﺧﺬ ﺑﻌﲔ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﶈﺘﻮﻳﺔ ﻋﻞ ٠٥% ﻣﻦ ﺍﳍﻮﺍﺀ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯ. ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ(
15.
ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎﺕ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ
ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺭﺩﺓ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺰﻳﺔ ﻭﻣﻌﻈﻢ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﺭﺓ • ﺗﻮﻓﺮ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﻨﺘﻈﻢ ﻭﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺩﺩﻳﺔ ﺗﻨﺘﺞ ﺗﺪﻓﻘﺎﺕ ﻧﺒﻀﻴﺔ ﻭﻣﺘﺬﺑﺬﺑﺔ ﻗﺪ ﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺧﺎﺹ ﻭﺍﲣﺎﺫ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﺣﺘﻴﺎﻃﺎﺕ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ • ﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﻓﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺩﺩﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻝ ﻛﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺔ ﰲ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺑﻌﻴﺪ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺼﺪﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ )ﺧﻂ • ﺍﻟﺴﺤﺐ( ﻓﺈﻥ ﺗﺴﺮﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﺤﺐ ﻗﺪ ﻳﺴﺎﻫﻢ ﰲ ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﺍﳔﻔﺎﺽ ﺻﺎﰲ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻂ ﺍﻟﺴﺤﺐ )(NPSH ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺻﻤﺎﻡ ﻣﻨﻈﻢ ﻟﻠﻨﺒﻀﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﳐﺮﺝ ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺔ • ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺩﺩﻳﺔ ﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺃﺛﺮ ﻣﻮﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﲡﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻀﻲ
16.
ﻛﻠﻒ ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺎﺕ •
ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺭﺩﺓ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺰﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﺭﺓ ﻛﻜﻠﻔﺔ ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﺃﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻠﻔﺔ ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺩﺩﻳﺔ • ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻠﻴﺔ )ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺍﺳﺘﻬﻼﻙ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ( ﻟﻠﻤﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺭﺩﺓ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺰﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﺭﺓ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻠﻒ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺩﺩﻳﺔ • ﻛﻠﻒ ﺻﻴﺎﻧﺔ ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺭﺩﺓ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺰﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﺭﺓ ﺃﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻠﻒ ﺻﻴﺎﻧﺔ ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺩﺩﻳﺔ
17.
ﻣﻮﺍﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺩ
• ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺭﺩﺓ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺰﻳﺔ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺩﺭﺟﺎﺕ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺗﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻓﺔ • ﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﺧﻴﺎﺭ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻟﻠﺴﻮﺍﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﺰﻭﺟﺔ. ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺿﻴﺎﻉ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ )ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺩ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻠﺰﻭﺟﺔ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ٠٠٠٤.(SSU • ﻫﻲ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﶈﺘﻮﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﻮﺍﺀ ﺃﻭ ﻏﺎﺯ )٢% ﻛﺤﺪ ﺃﻗﺼﻰ ﻭﰲ ﺣﺎﻻﺕ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺟﺪﺍ ﻟﻐﺎﻳﺔ ٠١% ﻟﻜﻦ ﳚﺐ ﺍﻥ ﺗﺆﺧﺬ ﺑﻌﲔ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ(
18.
ﺍﳌﺰﻳﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﻔﺤﺔ
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