1. What is Linked Data, and What Does It Mean for Libraries? Emily Dust Nimsakont ALAO TEDSIG Spring Meeting May 27, 2011 Photo credit: http://www.flickr.com/photos/mklingo/245562110/

2. This is an overview… Photo credit: http://www.flickr.com/photos/magnusvk/4090803400/

3. What is Linked Data? How do we create Linked Data? Examples of Linked Data What does Linked Data mean for libraries? Are there drawbacks to Linked Data? What’s next? What can I do?

4. What is Linked Data?

5. Wikipedia says… “Linked Data describes a method of publishing structured data, so that it can be interlinked and become more useful. It builds upon standard web technologies, such as HTTP and URIs - but rather than using them to serve web pages for human readers, it extends them to share information in a way that can be read automatically by computers.” http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linked_Data

6. The inventor of the Web said… “I have a dream for the Web [in which computers] become capable of analyzing all the data on the Web – the content, links, and transactions between people and computers.” Tim Berners-Lee, 1999

7. Linked Datavs.Semantic Webvs.Web 3.0

8. web of documentsvs.web of data

9. resource links to resource resource links to links to resource links to resource

10. data links to data data data links to data data links to data data data links to data data data

11. hypertextvs.hyperdata

12. HTML <h1>This is a heading.</h1> <p>This is a paragraph.</p>

13. RDF/XML <rdf:Descriptionrdf:about="http://www.recshop.fake/cd/Empire Burlesque"> <cd:artist>Bob Dylan</cd:artist> <cd:country>USA</cd:country> <cd:company>Columbia</cd:company> <cd:price>10.90</cd:price> <cd:year>1985</cd:year></rdf:Description> http://www.w3schools.com/rdf/rdf_example.asp

14. Relationships are key Photo credit: http://www.flickr.com/photos/brenda-starr/3509344100/

15. People can understand relationships between things. But machines should be able to understand these relationships too. Photo credit: http://www.flickr.com/photos/ksawyer/2075159262/

16. We are used to connecting pieces of information based on their context. Title: A Christmas Carol Author: Charles Dickens Linked Data makes the relationships explicit.

17. Data instead of documents Encoded meaning Relationships are key So what?

18. Linked Data makes the Web into a database.

19. “Linked Open Data turns the Web into an API.” Corey A. Harper as quoted in http://www.slideshare.net/eby/why-libraries-should-embrace-linked-data

20. Linked Data allows you to customize the Web.

21. “Link your data to other people’s data to provide context.” Michael Hausenblas http://webofdata.wordpress.com/2011/05/22/why-we-link/

22. Questions? Photo credit: http://www.flickr.com/photos/lwr/12364944/

23. How do we create Linked Data?

24. Linked Data principles Tim Berners-Lee, “Linked Data-Design Issues.”http://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/LinkedData.html

25. URIs For Linked Data, we need to be able to identify things uniquely Uniform Resource Identifiers do this already

26. URIs Using HTTP URIs is one of the principles of Linked Data http://www.example.com/thing1

27. URIs URIs are like control numbers (LCCN, ISBN, etc.).

28. RDF Resource Description Framework Describes relationships based on triples (statements): subject-predicate-object http://www.w3.org/RDF

29. RDF predicate object subject has author A Christmas Carol Charles Dickens

30. RDF statements The subject and predicate must be URIs. The object can be a URI or a value.

31. RDF graphs A Christmas Carol has author has publisher Charles Dickens Penguin

32. RDF <rdf:Descriptionrdf:about="http://www.recshop.fake/cd/Empire Burlesque"> <cd:artist>Bob Dylan</cd:artist> <cd:country>USA</cd:country> <cd:company>Columbia</cd:company> <cd:price>10.90</cd:price> <cd:year>1985</cd:year></rdf:Description> http://www.w3schools.com/rdf/rdf_example.asp

33. Vocabularies Specific terms to be used to describe resources Sound familiar?

34. Vocabularies Dublin Core Simple Knowledge Organization System (SKOS) RDF Schema (RDFS) Friend of a Friend (FOAF) Web Ontology Language (OWL)

35. <rdf:RDFxmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:skos="http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#"> <skos:prefLabel> Knitting</skos:prefLabel>

36. SPARQL SPARQL is a query language (like SQL) used to search the semantic web SPARQL endpoints are provided for Linked Data resources

37. Link to other resources Relationship Links Identity Links Vocabulary Links

38. Questions? Photo credit: http://www.flickr.com/photos/lwr/12364944/

39. Are there examples of Linked Data/Semantic Web?

40. DBpedia http://dbpedia.org

41. Faviki http://www.faviki.com

42. Zemanta http://www.zemanta.com

43. FreeBase http://www.freebase.com

44. Questions? Photo credit: http://www.flickr.com/photos/lwr/12364944/

45. What could Linked Data mean for Libraries?

46. Part I:What could Linked Data mean for Library Data?

47. Getting rid of silos Photo credit: http://www.flickr.com/photos/eirikref/727551264/

49. World Wide Web Library Catalogs

50. More open standards

51. bibliographic recordsvs. bibliographic data

52. Bibliographic Record In traditional cataloging, a record is one package. Author Title

53. Bibliographic Record Bibliographic Record Bibliographic Record Records can be exchanged, but there is no way to exchange the individual pieces of information within a record.

54. With Linked Data, a bibliographic record is made up of many pieces of data. Bibliographic Record And the relationships between these pieces of data are defined. Person Is author of Title

55. The boundaries of the record can be dissolved… Bibliographic Record Person Is author of Title

56. …and the data can interact with other information on the Web. Bibliographic Record Person Is author of Title

57. Are there examples of Linked Data in libraries?

58. Library of Congress Authorities and Vocabularies http://id.loc.gov/

59. Library of Congress Authorities and Vocabularies http://id.loc.gov/

61. RDA Metadata Registry http://metadataregistry.org/rdabrowse.htm

62. Virtual International Authority File http://viaf.org

63. Dewey Summaries http://dewey.info

64. So there’s a bunch of data out there.Now what?

65. http://richard.cyganiak.de/2007/10/lod/

66. Extensible Catalog http://www.extensiblecatalog.org

67. What does Linked Data look like? “That is kind of like asking what electricity looks like: it doesn’t so much look like anything, as it makes certain things possible.” Karen Coyle Visualizing Linked Data http://kcoyle.blogspot.com/2011/04/visualizing-linked-data.html

68. What does Linked Data look like? http://openlibrary.org

69. Civil War Data 150 http://www.civilwardata150.net

70. Part II:What Could Linked Data Mean for Librarians?

71. Different workflows Catalogers could use URIs for things like authors’ names or subject headings. If information changed, the URI could be changed and automatically update the information in our catalogs.

72. Evaluating metadata Metadata could come from various sources. “Professional cataloging might be more of a job of aggregating and improving harvested or contributed metadata, rather than developing new metadata, like MARC records, for resources.” -Virginia Schilling “The Catalogers’ Revenge: Unleashing the Semantic Web” PNLA Quarterly 74:3, 2010 http://unllib.unl.edu/LPP/PNLA%20Quarterly/schilling74-3.pdf

73. Federated searching Photo credit: http://www.flickr.com/photos/zsrlibrary/4575294736/

74. New homes for librarians’ skills? “Someday there will be a Dewey Decimal number for everything – not just for books.” http://www.pcworld.com/businesscenter/article/206230/the_internet_needs_a_dewey_decimal_system.html

75. Are There Drawbacks to Linked Data?

76. Training and Software Development “Nobody but the geekily inclined is going to be willing to invest the time and effort necessary to code semantically tagged web pages from scratch.” Virginia Schilling “The Catalogers’ Revenge: Unleashing the Semantic Web.” PNLA Quarterly 74:3 (Spring 2010).

77. Access to the Data Photo credit: http://www.flickr.com/photos/webwizzard/3931165612/

78. Different Standards and Vocabularies http://www.dlib.indiana.edu/~jenlrile/metadatamap/

79. Reliability of Data Photo credit: http://www.flickr.com/photos/katiew/320161805

80. What’s next?

81. Library Linked Data Incubator Group http://www.w3.org/2005/Incubator/lld/

82. International Linked Open Data in Libraries, Archives, and Museums Summit - June 2-3, 2011 http://lod-lam.net

83. Linked Data at ALA Annual 2011

84. What can I do?

85. 5 Stars of Open Linked Data ★Available on the web (whatever format), but with an open license ★★Available as machine-readable structured data (e.g. Excel instead of image scan of a table) ★★★Availableas (2) plus non-proprietary format (e.g. CSV instead of Excel) ★★★★All the above plus, Use open standards from W3C (RDF and SPARQL) to identify things, so that people can point at your stuff ★★★★★All the above, plus: Link your data to other people’s data to provide context http://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/LinkedData.html

86. Laura Smart, California Institute of Technology Managing Metadata http://library.caltech.edu/laura/

87. Resources Jeffrey T. Pollock. Semantic Web for Dummies. Toby Segaran, Colin Evans, and Jamie Taylor. Programming the Semantic Web. Tom Heath and Christian Bizer. Linked Data: Evolving the Web into a Global Data Space. Karen Coyle. “Understanding the Semantic Web: Bibliographic Data and Metadata” and “RDA Vocabularies for a Twenty-First-Century Data Environment.” Library Technology Reports, ALA TechSource.

88. Linked Data is on the horizon. And it has the potential to greatly change how libraries work. Photo credit: http://www.flickr.com/photos/quinet/52740846/sizes/z/

89. Thank you! Emily Dust Nimsakont emily.dust.nimsakont@nebraska.gov http://www.delicious.com/enimsakont/linkeddata+tedsig http://www.slideshare.net/enimsakont