CSS NC II Module : Set-up Computer Networks

DATE: Module : Setting-up computer networks Page
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MONTFORT ACADEMY
(An Institution of Montfort Brothers of St. Gabriel)
Lonos, Romblon, Romblon, Philippines
Email: montfortromblon@gmail.com
Competency-Based Learning Materials
COMPUTER SYSTEMS SERVICING NC II
CORE COMPETENCY
Module Title:
Setting-up Computer Networks
Unit of Competency:
Set-up Computer Networks
Date: July 10, 2017 Prepared by: ERIC M. TALAMISAN
CSS NCII Trainer/Assessor
Page
1

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
How to Use this Module ............................................................................. i
Introduction.............................................................................................. ii
Technical Terms....................................................................................... iii
Learning Outcome 1................................................................................ 1
Information Sheet 1.1 ............................................................................... 3
Operation Sheet 1.1 ................................................................................. 6
Information Sheet 1.2 ............................................................................... 7
Self Check 1.1......................................................................................... 10
Information Sheet 2.1 ............................................................................. 12
Information Sheet 2.2 ........................................................................... 15
Operation Sheet 2.1 ................................................................................ 17
Information Sheet 3.1 ............................................................................ 19
Self Check 3.1......................................................................................... 23
Information Sheet 3.2. ............................................................................ 24
Operational Sheet 3.1 ............................................................................. 32

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HOW TO USE THIS MODULE
Welcome to the Module “Computer Systems Servicing NC II”. This
module contains training materials and activities for you to complete.
The unit of competency “Set-up Computer Networks” contains knowledge,
skills and attitudes required for a Computer Systems Servicing NC II course.
You are required to go through a series of learning activities in order to
complete each of the learning outcomes of the module. In each learning
outcome there are Information Sheets, Job Sheets, Operation Sheets, and
Activity Sheets. Follow these activities on your own and answer the Self-Check
at the end of each learning activity.
If you have questions, don‘t hesitate to ask your teacher for assistance.
Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL)
You may already have some of the knowledge and skills covered in this module
because you have:
o been working for some time
o Already have completed training in this area.
If you can demonstrate to your teacher that you are competent in a
particular skill or skills, talk to him/her about having them formally recognized
so you don‘t have to do he same training again. If you have a qualification or
Certificate of Competency from previous trainings show it to your trainer. If the
skills you acquired are still current and relevant to this module, they may
become part of the evidence you can present for RPL. If you are not sure about
the currency of your skills, discuss it with your trainer.
After completing this module ask your teacher to assess your
competency. Result of your assessment will be recorded in your competency
profile. All the learning activities are designed for you to complete at your own
pace.
Inside this module you will find the activities for you to complete followed
by relevant information sheets for each learning outcome. Each learning
outcome may have more than one learning activity.
This module is prepared to help you achieve the required competency, in
diagnosing and troubleshooting computer systems. This will be the source of
information that will enable you to acquire the knowledge and skills
independently at your own pace or with minimum supervision or help from
your teacher.

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Program/ Course: Computer Systems Servicing NC II
Unit of Competency: Set-up computer networks
Module: Setting-up computer networks
INTRODUCTION:
This module contains information and suggested learning activities on
Computer Systems Servicing NCII.
Completion of this module will help you better understand the
succeeding module on configuring and maintaining computer systems.
This module consists of 4 learning outcomes. Each learning outcome
contains learning activities supported by instruction sheets. Before you
perform the instructions read the information sheets and answer the self-check
and activities provided to as certain to yourself and your teacher that you have
acquired the knowledge necessary to perform the skill portion of the particular
learning outcome.
Upon completion of this module, report to your teacher for assessment to
check your achievement of knowledge and skills requirement of this module. If
you pass the assessment, you will be given a certificate of completion.
SUMMARY OF LEARNING OUTCOMES:
Upon completion of the module you should be able to:
LO1. Install network cables
LO2. Set network configuration
LO3. Set router/Wi-Fi/ wireless access point/repeater configuration
LO4. Inspect and test the configured computer networks
ASSESMENT CRITERIA
Refer to assessment criteria o learning outcomes # of this module.
1. Cable routes are determined and planned in accordance with network design
and actual installation site.
2. Network materials necessary to complete the work are identified and obtained
in accordance with established procedures and checked against systems
requirements
3. Tools, equipment and testing devices needed to carry out the installation work
are obtained in accordance with established procedures and checked for correct
operation and safety

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4. Appropriate personal protective equipment is used and OHS policies and
procedures are followed
5. Copper cable splicing is performed based on Electronic Industries
Alliance/Telecommunications Industry Association (EIA/TIA) standards
6. Network cables and cable raceway are installed in accordance with established
procedures and installation requirements
7. Installation work is performed and is checked to ensure no unnecessary
damage has occurred and complies with requirements
8. OHS standards and 5S principles are followed according to enterprise
requirements
9. Excess components and materials are disposed of based on WEEE directives
and 3Rs waste management program.
10.Network connectivity of each terminal is checked in accordance with network
design.
11.Any fault or problem in the network system is diagnosed and remedied in line
with the standard operating procedures.
12.Network interface card (NIC) settings are configured in accordance with network
design.
13.Communication checking between terminals are carried out in accordance with
OS network configuration guides
14.Unplanned events or conditions are responded to in accordance with
established procedures
15.Client Device systems settings are configured in accordance with
manufacturers‘ instructions and end-user preferences
16.Local area network (LAN) port is configured in accordance with manufacturers‘
instructions and network design
17.Wide area network (WAN) port is configured in accordance with manufacturers‘
18.Wireless settings are configured in accordance manufacturers‘ instructions,
network design and end-user preferences
19.Security/Firewall/Advance settings are configured in accordance with
20.Final inspections are undertaken to ensure that the configuration done on the
computer networks conforms with the manufacturer‘s instruction/manual
21.Computer networks are checked to ensure safe operation.
22.Reports are prepared/completed according to company requirements.

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TECHNICAL TERMS
 Active Hubs – amplify or boost signals
 Anti-Static – A product that prevents the build up of static electricity
 BIOS – Basic Input/Output System, chip that controls the most basic functions
of the computer and performs a self-test every time you turn it on.
 Flash drive– RAM that can retain data without electrical power. It is widely
used for BIOS chips and for digital camera and digital music storage.
 Graphic tablet – objects are drawn using a pen or a puck. The puck is
technically a tablet cursor, not a mouse.
 Goggles – A large spectacles, with shields around the rims, for protecting the
eyes from dust, excessive light, wind, etc.
 Hard-disk drive – is a storage device that stores billions of characters of data
on a nonremovable disk.
 Hardware- refers to the tangible (things you can touch) components of a
computer system. Hardware components are further divided into three groups
namely
 Host – any computer whether mainframe, server, or even PC that acts as an
information source on a network.
 Intelligent Hubs – select which path a specific signal will travel
 Joy Stick - a hand-held control stick that allows a player to control the
movements of a cursor on a computer screen or a symbol in a video game .
 LAN Card – Local area network interface card.
 Laptop computer- A small, portable computer -- small enough that it can sit
on your lap.
 Local Area Network- the smallest of the three network types, consist of PCs
connected together within a limited area, such as within the same building,
floor or department.
 Mainframe: A powerful multi-user computer capable of supporting many
hundreds or thousands of users simultaneously.
 Metropolitan Area Network – are network that spans no more than 50 miles.
It is design to connect LANs spanning a town or city
 Minicomputer: A multi-user computer capable of supporting up to hundreds of
users simultaneously.
 Metropolitan Area Network – is anetwork that spans no more than 50 miles.
 Motherboard – contains the CPU, BIOS, Memory, mass storage interfaces,
serial and parallel ports, expansion slot and all the controllers required to
control standard peripheral devices such as the display screen, keyboard and
disk drive

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 Modem - (Modulator-Demodulator) The modem is a device that allows a given
computer to share data or otherwise a device which let computers exchange
information
 Modular Hubs – are popular in networks because they are easily expanded and
always have management option. It is purchased as chassis, or card cage, with
multiple card slots, each of which accepts a communication card, or module
 Multimedia- is the combination of different types of communication media
(sound, print, video, and so on)
 Multitester- is an instrument use to measure voltage, current and resistance.
 NIC – Network Interface Card–The PC expansion board that plug into a personal
computer or server and works with the network operating system to control the
flow of information over the network.
 Network – is acommunications system connecting two or more computers.
 NetworkBridge – divides network into smaller, more manageable sections
helping reduce network traffic.
 Network Hub - a hardware device that all PCs on a network are connected to by
cabling. The hub manages receiving and transmitting data from networked
services.
 Network Server- is a powerful computer whose sole purpose is to serve
network clients.
 Network Switch – It helps determine how data moves over large networks.
 Notebook computerAn extremely lightweight personal computer that weighs
weigh less than 6 pounds and are small enough to fit easily in a briefcase.
 OHS – Occupational Health and Safety
 Operating System (Os) -software that controls the allocation and use of
programs and data that a computer uses.
 Passive Hubs– simply connects various cables
 Personal computer: A small, single-user computer based on a microprocessor.
 Port hub /Port – is a connector on the back of a computer or other device. A
port is either a serial port or a parallel port.
 Peers- mean any computer sharing the same protocol layer with another
computer.
 Protocol – refers to the specific standards governing the sending and receiving
of data.
 Repeater– a device that strengthen signals and allow then to stay clear over
longer distances.
 Printer - It is a piece of hardware that produces a paper copy (also known as
‗hardcopy‘) of the information generated by the computer.
 RAM – Random Access Memory, is a primary memory. This memory is used
inside the computer to hold programs and data while it is running.
 RJ 45 – is the connector plugged into the NIC ports on computers and often
connecting the main networking hardware together.
 Router – a device that forwards data packets between Local or Wide Area
Network groups.

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 Scanner- it is an input device that read text or illustration printed on paper,
translates the information into a form that a computer can use.
 Server – is a part of a network. It is a special computer that users on the
network can asses to carry out a particular job.
 Software – programs and data that a computer uses.
 Software applications- enables you to perform specific tasks- solve problems,
perform work, or entertain yourself.
 Sound Device Driver Installer / Sound and Audio Devices – A windows XP
Control Panel applet, called Sounds, and Multimedia in Windows 2000, for
configuring the system‘s sound card.
 Stackable Hubs – work just like standalone hubs, except that several of them
can be ―stacked‖ (connected) together, usually by short lengths of cable.
 Standalone Hubs – are single products with a number of ports. It is usually
include some method of linking them to other standalone hubs for network
expansion.
 Static – The discharge of electricity between two objects with different electrical
potential
 Sub notebook computer - A portable computer that is slightly lighter and
smaller than a full-sized notebook computer. Typically, sub notebook
computers have a smaller keyboard and screen, but are otherwise equivalent to
notebook computers.
 UTP – (Unshielded Twisted Pair) least expensive and most popular network
media.
 USB – Universal Serial Bus, a hardware interface for low-speed peripherals
such as the keyboard, mouse, joystick, scanner, printer and telephony devices.
 Video Camera - camera using videotape: a camera that records onto videotape
 Wide Area Network – used to distribute information thousand of miles among
thousands of users.
 Wireless Hubs– are hubs designed for the home
 Workstation- is any network computer that connects to and request resources
from a network

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Program course : Computer Systems Servicing NCII
Unit of Competency : Set-up Computer Networks
Module : Setting-up computer networks
Learning Outcome 1 : Install network cables
Assessment Criteria:
1. Cable routes are determined and planned in accordance with network design
and actual installation site.
2. Network materials necessary to complete the work are identified and obtained
in accordance with established procedures and checked against systems
requirements
3. Tools, equipment and testing devices needed to carry out the installation work
are obtained in accordance with established procedures and checked for correct
operation and safety
4. Appropriate personal protective equipment is used and OHS policies and
procedures are followed
5. Copper cable splicing is performed based on Electronic Industries
Alliance/Telecommunications Industry Association (EIA/TIA) standards
6. Network cables and cable raceway are installed in accordance with established
procedures and installation requirements
7. Installation work is performed and is checked to ensure no unnecessary
damage has occurred and complies with requirements
8. OHS standards and 5S principles are followed according to enterprise
requirements
9. Excess components and materials are disposed of based on WEEE directives
and 3Rs waste management program.
Resources:
Equipment/Facilities Tools & Instruments Supplies & Materials
Computer peripherals
Desktop computers
Glasses
Mask
Gloves
Anti-static wrist strap
USB Flash drive
Multi-tester
Diagnostic software
Appropriate software
Assorted pliers
Assorted screw drivers
Crimping Too
Punch down tool
Connectors, RJ45
RJ45 modular box
UTP cable
Bus wires and cables
Computer storage
media
References:
1. McLaughlin, Robert, Sasser,Susan, Ralston,Mary.Fix Your Own
5. www.helpwithpcs.com
6. http://en.wikipedia.org
1. www.techsoup.org
8. www.howstuffworks.com
9. www.microsoft.com/technet/network

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INFORMATION SHEET 1.1
What is Network?
A network is a collection of computers and related equipment (printers,
webcams, game consoles, etc.) connected so that data can move between them. Even if
you have a single computer, it looks to the Internet as part of a network. The Internet,
then, is a network of networks.
The majority of networking, is done using the internet standard. At the center of
the basic diagram of a wired network is either a hub or a switcher and computers are
connected to the hub, much like spokes of a wheel or star. Each connection at the hub
is called a port.
Three Basic Network Categories
 Local Area Network- the smallest of the three network types, consist of PCs
connected together within a limited area, such as within the same building,
floor or department.
 Metropolitan Area Network – are network that spans no more than 50 miles.
 Wide Area Network – used to distribute information thousand of miles among
thousands of users.
Network Hardware
 Network Interface Card (NIC) – a
printed circuit board, an adapter that
plugs into the computer‘s motherboard
when connected with a network cable,
provides the physical link between
your computer and the network.
 Network Hub – a hardware device that all
PCs on a network are connected to by
cabling. The hub manages receiving and
transmitting data from networked
services.
 Wireless Hubs– are hubs designed for the home

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Kinds of Hubs
- Standalone Hubs – are single products with a number of ports. It is
usually include some method of linking them to other standalone hubs for
network expansion.
- Stackable Hubs–work just like standalone hubs, except that several of
them can be ―stacked‖ (connected) together, usually by short lengths of cable.
- Modular Hubs – are popular in networks because they are easily expanded
and always have management option. It is purchased as chassis, or card cage, with
multiple card slots, each of which accepts a communication card, or module
3 Basic Hub Types
- Passive Hubs– simply connects various cables
- Active Hubs – amplify or boost signals
- Intelligent Hubs – select which path a specific signal will travel
 Repeater – a device that strengthen signals
and allow then to stay clear over longer
distances.
 Network Bridge – divides network into
smaller, more manageable sections helping
reduce network traffic.
 Network Switch – It helps determine how
data moves over large networks.
 Router – a device that forwards data packets
between Local or Wide Area Network groups.

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SELF-CHECK NO.1.1
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Write the letter of the correct answer.
Use a separate sheet of paper in answering.
1. Which among the network hardware forwards data packets between Local or Wide
Area Network groups.
a. Network Hubs c. Repeater
b. Network Switch d. Router
2. A typical computer system consists of the following except
a. Central Processing Unit d. Output Device
b. Input Device e. Storage Device
c. Network Device
3. What network hardware strengthens signals and allows then to stay clear over
longer distances?
a. Network Hubs c. Repeater
b. Network Switch d. Router
4. Which of the following is the collection of computers and related equipment that
are connected so that data can move between them.
a. Computer System c. Hardware
b. Network d. Software
5. Which provides the physical link between your computer and the network
a. Network Hubs c. Network Switch
b. Network Interface Cards d. Router

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Network Configuration Topologies
Network topologies have gone through many evolutions since the first
network was introduced. After the development of new technologies and
methods, better, more efficient designs have been introduced.
There are three main topologies that are used:
1. Bus Network
2. Ring Network
3. Star Network
BUS NETWORK
A bus network is a line of computers connected together by a cable. The
cable is called the bus. The bus must be terminated at both ends.
Data can flow between machines, and each machine has some of the
software used by the entire network. This can lead to data clashes if the same
request is made at the same time by two machines. Ethernet uses a modified
type of bus network.
RING NETWORK

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A ring network is a bus network that has been attached at both ends.
The data in a ring network travels in 1 direction only. Data clashes can occur
for the same reasons as in a bus network.
STAR NETWORK
A star network is a network where each machine is connected to a
central machine, called a server. The server holds all the software, and the
other machines, called nodes, request the software from it. Since the server
receives all the requests, it can handle them one by one, and there are no data
crashes. It is possible to have a star network spawn another star network.
Network Cable
Cable is the medium through which information usually moves from one
network device to another. There are several types of cable which are
commonly used with LANs. In some cases, a network will utilize only one type
of cable, other networks will use a variety of cable types. The type of cable
chosen for a network is related to the network's topology, protocol, and size.
Understanding the characteristics of different types of cable and how they
relate to other aspects of a network is necessary for the development of a
successful network.
Examples of network media:
 Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) Cable
 Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) Cable
 Coaxial Cable
 Fiber Optic Cable
 Wireless LANs
 Cable Installation Guides
Unshielded Twisted Pair Connector
The standard connector for unshielded twisted pair cabling is an RJ-45
connector. This is a plastic connector that looks like a large telephone-style

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connector (See fig. 2). A slot allows the RJ-45 to
be inserted only one way. RJ stands for
Registered Jack, implying that the connector
follows a standard borrowed from the telephone
industry. This standard designates which wire
goes with each pin inside the connector.
Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) Cable
Although UTP cable is the
least expensive cable, it may be
susceptible to radio and electrical
frequency interference (it should
not be too close to electric motors ,
fluorescent lights, etc.). If you must
place cable in environments with
lots of potential interference, or if
you must place cable in extremely sensitive environments that may be
susceptible to the electrical current in the UTP, shielded twisted pair may be
the solution. Shielded cables can also help to extend the maximum distance of
the cables.
Coaxial Cable
Coaxial cabling has a single copper conductor at its center. A plastic
layer provides insulation between the center
conductor and a braided metal shield. The
metal shield helps to block any outside
interference from fluorescent lights, motors,
and other computers. This cable is
commonly used by television industries.
Fiber Optic Cable
Fiber optic cabling consists of a
center glass core surrounded by several
layers of protective materials (See fig. 5).
It transmits light rather than electronic
signals eliminating the problem of
electrical interference. This makes it ideal for certain environments that
contain a large amount of electrical interference. It has also made it the
standard for connecting networks between buildings, due to its immunity to
the effects of moisture and lighting.
Figure 2

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Wireless LANs
More and more networks are operating without cables, in the wireless
mode. Wireless LANs use high frequency radio signals, infrared light beams, or
lasers to communicate between the workstations, servers, or hubs. Each
workstation and file server on a wireless network has some sort of
transceiver/antenna to send and receive the data. Information is relayed
between transceivers as if they were physically connected. For longer distance,
wireless communications can also take place through cellular telephone
technology, microwave transmission, or by satellite.
Wireless networks are great for allowing laptop computers, portable
devices, or remote computers to connect to the LAN. Wireless networks are also
beneficial in older buildings where it may be difficult or impossible to install
cables.
Cable Installation Guides
The two most common network cable:
1. Straight through cable – Connected from PC to switch/hub
2. Crossover cable – Connected from Pc to PC (limited to two computers only)
What is RJ45?
RJ stands for Registered Jacks. These are used in telephone and data
jack wiring registered with FCC. RJ-11 is a 6-position, 4-conductor jack used
in telephone wiring, and RJ-45 is a 8-position, 8-conductor jack used in
10BaseT and 100BaseT Ethernet wiring.
Wiring Standards for RJ45
1. T568A
2. T568B

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Standard T568A vs T568B
RJ45 WIRING GUIDE
Straight Through cable Crossover cable
Where: Gs-Green Stripe ; G-Green ; Os-Orange Stripe ; O-Orange ;
Bs-Blue Stripe ; B-Blue ; Brs-Brown Stripe ; Br-Brown
T568A T568A
T568A T568B
Gs
G
Os
B
Bs
O
Brs
Br
Gs
G
Os
B
Bs
O
Brs
Br
Gs
G
Os
B
Bs
O
Brs
Br
Os
O
Gs
B
BS
G
BRs
BR

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SELF CHECK 1.2
1. What are the examples of network media?
2. What are the examples of network topologies?
3. Give the two wiring standards for RJ45.
4. Give the two most commonly used network cable.
5. Enumerate the color arrangement of T568B in order

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Learning Outcome 2 : Set network configuration
1. Network connectivity of each terminal is checked in accordance with
network design.
2. Any fault or problem in the network system is diagnosed and remedied in
line with the standard operating procedures.
3. Network interface card (NIC) settings are configured in accordance with
network design.
4. Communication checking between terminals are carried out in accordance
with OS network configuration guides
5. Unplanned events or conditions are responded to in accordance with
established procedures
Resources:
Desktop computers
Glasses
Mask
Gloves
USB Flash drive
Multi-tester
Diagnostic software
Assorted pliers
Crimping Too
Punch down tool
Connectors, RJ45
RJ45 modular box
UTP cable
Computer storage
media
References:
2. www.techsoup.org

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Patch Panel
A patch panel, patch bay, patch field or jack field is a device or unit
featuring a number of jacks, usually of the same or similar type, for the use of
connecting and routing circuits for monitoring, interconnecting, and testing
circuits in a convenient, flexible manner. Patch panels are commonly used in
computer networking, recording studios, radio and television.
Patch panel cable management
Neat Patch is the ultimate in patch panel rack cable management
system. A storage solution unlike anything the network cabling world has ever
known. ... Neat Patch panel rack is compliant with telecom/datacom industry
standards, and supports proper bend radius requirements.
RJ45 Modular box RJ45 Modular box faceplate

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Network Configuration
Network configuration is the process of setting a network's controls, flow
and operation to support the network communication of an organization
and/or network owner. This broad term incorporates multiple configuration
and setup processes on network hardware, software and other supporting
devices and components.
Below is an example of basic network configuration in Computer Systems
Servicing.
Fire 2.1 – Basic Network Configuration

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SELF CHECK 2.1
A. What is the purpose of patch panel?
B. Draw the diagram on Basic Network Configuration

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Learning Outcome 3 : Set router/Wi-Fi/ wireless access point/repeater
configuration
1. Client Device systems settings are configured in accordance with
2. Local area network (LAN) port is configured in accordance with manufacturers‘
3. Wide area network (WAN) port is configured in accordance with manufacturers‘
4. Wireless settings are configured in accordance manufacturers‘ instructions,
network design and end-user preferences
5. Security/Firewall/Advance settings are configured in accordance with
Resources:
Desktop computers
Glasses
Mask
Gloves
USB Flash drive
Multi-tester
Diagnostic software
Assorted pliers
Crimping Too
Punch down tool
Connectors, RJ45
RJ45 modular box
UTP cable
Computer storage
media
References:
3. www.techsoup.org

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Router Configuration
A router is a networking device that forwards
data packets between computer networks. Routers
perform the traffic directing functions on the
Internet. A data packet is typically forwarded from
one router to another router through the networks
that constitute the internetwork until it reaches its
destination node.
How to change the WIFI name and WIFI password
The cause of the change WIFI name and wireless password is to protect the
wireless network. This article will guide you how to change the wifi name and
wirelesspassword.
Part 1: Login the homepage of the router
Part 2: Change the SSID and wirelesspassword
Part 3: Reboot the router
Open a browser then type 192.168.0.1 in the Address bar,click on Enter.
1 Type the Password as admin in the bars to login the setting page.

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2 Click on Advanced on the home page to login the advancedsetting page
.
3 Click on Wireless, then click on Wireless Basic Settings and making sure
that wireless is Enable. Making sure the SSID Broadcast was checked,
otherwise the wireless signal will not be found in your wireless bar of your
computer. Also you can change the Primary SSID as you want. Then open
the drop down menu of the 802.11mode option and choose the mode
as 11b/g/n mixed mode. On this page you can choose the Channel and
the Extension Channel will be selected automatically after choosing

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the Channel. Then let the other settings as defaulted, then click on Save to
save the settings.
Note:
The Channel1, Channel 6 and Channel 11are recommended, since they are
idle.
4 Click on Wireless, then click on Wireless Security and choose the Security
mode as WPA-PSK, and then open the drop down menu of the WPA
Algorithms option then select the type as AES and set a Security Key as you
want. At last, let the other options as defaulted and hit on the Save button to
save the settings.

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Note: Security Key should be at least 8 characters.
Click on Tools, and then choose the Reboot option on the left of the page, then
hit on the Reboot the router to reboot the router.
Now you can use your laptop to search the new SSID and enter the new
password to connect to it.

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10 Useful Options You Can Configure In Your
Router’s Web Interface
Your wireless router has a
variety of useful options you
can configure. These are
practically hidden — you
wouldn‘t know these features
exist unless you were digging
through your router‘s
configuration pages.
Bear in mind that different
routers have different options. You may not have all the options listed here on
your own router. The options will also be in different places with different
names.
Accessing Your Router’s Web Interface
The vast majority of routers have web-based configuration pages that you can
access in your web browser as long as you‘re on the same local network as the
router. To access your router‘s web interface, you‘ll just need to plug your
router‘s local IP address into your web browser‘s address bar.
To find its IP address, open the Network and Sharing Center in the Windows
Control Panel. Click the name of your Internet connection.

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Click the Details button to view more information about the connection.
Look for the IPv4 Default Gateway IP address in the details window. Plug this
IP address into your web browser‘s address bar.
You‘ll need to log in with your username and password combination. If you
don‘t know these, your router is probably using its default combination —
check your router‘s manual or perform a web search for its model number and
―default password.‖ If you‘ve previously changed the password and can‘t
remember it, you can reset your router‘s password to the default.
Once you‘ve logged in, you can now browser your router‘s configuration pages
and configure its settings.

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How to Find Your Private and Public IP Addresses
Your router likely provides a way to see who‘s connected to your wireless
network. This may be on a general status page or in the wireless section behind
a button named ―clients list‖ or similar.
If you give your devices and computers meaningful names, this will help you
verify that only approved devices are connected.
The router‘s administration pages also show other information about the
Internet connection, including your external IP address.
Wireless Channel
You can modify a variety of wireless network settings in your router‘s web
interface, including its wireless channel. Changing your router‘s wireless
channel can speed up your Wi-Fi. If many other wireless networks in your area
are using the same wireless channel, interference will result in a slower
connection.
Before changing your wireless channel, use something like Wi-Fi Analyzer for
Android or the in SSIDer utility for Windows. They‘ll scan the networks in the
local area and find the best wireless channel with the least interference.

Version 31
Change Your Wi-Fi Router Channel to Optimize Your Wireless Signal
Repeating
If you need to create a wireless network covering a large area, one router may
not be enough. You‘ll have to use multiple routers, but you don‘t necessarily
want to create separate wireless networks for each individual router. With the
repeating feature found on many routers, you can have the router join itself to
the main network, functioning as a repeater for that network. This allows you
to create one large Wi-Fi network from many different routers.

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Quality of Service
Many routers contain quality of service, or QoS, features. QoS prioritizes traffic
to give you a better experience. For example, QoS can reduce the network
bandwidth available to BitTorrent transfers and prioritize web pages,
preventing your BitTorrent transfers from slowing down your web browsing.
This is particularly useful if you have a network with multiple people and want
to prevent one bad apple from slowing down the entire network. QoS features
are often fairly configurable, so you may even be able to prioritize one
computer‘s network connections over others.
Dynamic DNS
If you‘re hosting some sort of server on your computer, you‘ll need to be able to
connect remotely. However, many ISPs assign dynamic IP addresses that
change regularly. Dynamic DNS gets around this by assigning a special
address like yourcomputer.service.com to your computer. Whenever your
external IP address changes, your router will check in with the dynamic DNS
service and update the IP address associated with yourcomputer.service.com,
so you‘ll always be able to connect to your computer there.

Version 33
Routers generally have Dynamic DNS or DDNS pages where this feature can be
configured. You‘ll need to create an account with a supported service and
choose a hostname first — check your router‘s DDNS page for a list of
supported services.
Port Forwarding, Port Triggering, DMZ & UPnP
Because of the way network address translation (NAT) works, routers block
incoming traffic by default. If you want to set up a computer as a server or use
other services that require incoming connections — such as peer-to-peer file
transfers or some forms of VoIP — you may need these incoming connections.
Routers provide a variety of ways to enable this. You can forward ports so
incoming connections on these ports will always be sent to a certain computer.
You can set up port triggering, so port forwarding will automatically be enabled
whenever a program opens a connection on a certain port. You can use a
demilitarized zone (DMZ) to automatically send all incoming connections on
your network to a single computer. UPnP is also generally enabled by default.
UPnP allows programs to forward their own ports on demand, although it isn‘t
very secure.

Version 34
Parental Controls,
Website Blocking, and
Access Scheduling
Routers often contain
parental control features,
allowing you to block
certain types of traffic or
specific websites. You may
also be able to control
times when Internet access
is disabled, preventing
your children from using
the Internet at 3 a.m.. On
some routers, you may
even be able to configure
this on a per-computer basis, limiting only specific computers.

Version 35
Even if your router doesn‘t contain parental controls, you can still set up
parental controls by changing your DNS server to Open DNS.
Reboot
You may want to reboot your router if you‘re experiencing network issues. You
can do this by unplugging the router or pressing a button on it, but the router
may be in a hard-to-get-to location.
You‘ll usually find a convenient button to reboot your router somewhere on its
configuration pages, so you can reset your router without even getting up.
For Advanced Users: Third-Party Router Firmwares
If you want more out of your router, you can install a variety of third-party
router firmwares. You‘ll need to have a router that‘s supported by these
firmwares, so this isn‘t for everyone. In fact, if you really want to use these
router firmwares, you should take this into account when you buy a router and
ensure it‘s compatible.
Popular router firmwares include DD-WRT, Tomato, and OpenWRT. These
firmwares all provide additional options that you wouldn‘t normally get on your
router. OpenWRT in particular is a full embedded Linux distribution with a
package manager, allowing you to access a Linux shell and install software on
your router, effectively allowing you to use it as an always-running, low-power
server.

Version 36
We haven‘t covered everything you can do with your router‘s web-based
administration pages. Feel free to take a look around your router‘s web
interface and see all the options you can configure. You can also consult your
router‘s manual for information specific to your router model.

Version 37
SELF CHECK 3.1
A. Write an outline on how to change wifi name and password
B. What are the ten (10) options on how to configure your router?

Version 38
Learning Outcome 4 : Inspect and test the configured computer networks
1. Final inspections are undertaken to ensure that the configuration done on the
computer networks conforms with the manufacturer‘s instruction/manual
2. Computer networks are checked to ensure safe operation.
3. Reports are prepared/completed according to company requirements.
Resources:
Desktop computers
Glasses
Mask
Gloves
USB Flash drive
Multi-tester
Diagnostic software
Assorted pliers
Crimping Too
Punch down tool
Connectors, RJ45
RJ45 modular box
UTP cable
Computer storage
media
References:
4. www.techsoup.org

Version 39
Testing Your Computer Network
You‘ve set up all your network switches, plugged in all the cables, and
configured all your computers. One task remains before you can declare your
network finished: You must verify that the network works as expected.
Here are a few simple tests you can conduct to make sure your network is
functional.
 Check the physical connections.
Check that the Link light — the little red or green light next to the RJ-45
port — is lit on every computer. You must check this light both on the
computer itself and on the switch or router the computer is plugged into.
If this light is not on, you have a connection problem — most likely a bad
cable.
 Verify that you can log on.
When you‘re sure the physical connections are good, you should attempt
to log on to each of your network computers using a valid domain user
account.
 Check the network configuration.
Click the Start button, type cmd and press Enter. Then, enter the
command ipconfig /all and press Enter.
IP Address (Version 4)
192.168.8.101
Default Gateway
192.168.8.1

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 This command will spit out numerous lines of information. The line
you‘re looking for should resemble this:
IPv4 Address. . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.1.125(Preferred)
 Verify that the computers can ping each other.
Another basic test you should perform is to use the ping command from
a command prompt to make sure that the computers on your network
can contact one another.
Ping another computer (LAN only)
command PING 192.168.8.100 and press Enter.
Ping a website (WAN-Internet)
command PING 192.168.8.100 and press Enter.

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What is an IP Address?
An Internet Protocol address (IP address) in layman‘s terms is basically
the address given to your computer when it‘s connected to a network.
Technically speaking, an IP address is a 32-bit number that signifies the
address of both the sender and receiver of packets on a network.
Class Address Range Supports
Class A 1.0.0.1 to 126.255.255.254 Large networks with many devices
Class B 128.1.0.1 to 191.255.255.254 Medium-sized networks.
Class C 192.0.1.1 to 223.255.254.254 Small networks (fewer than 256 devices)
Class D 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255 Reserved for multicast groups.
Class E 240.0.0.0 to 254.255.255.254
Reserved for future use, or Research and
Development Purposes.
The two main types of IP Address
1. Static IP Address
As the name speaks, the static IP addresses are those types of IP address
that never change once they are assigned to a device on a network. No
doubt this type of addressing is cost effective but could have a high security
risk. Static IP addresses are mostly used by web, email and gaming servers
who don‘t care much about hiding their locations.
2. Dynamic IP Address
On the other hand, a Dynamic IP address changes each time the device
logs in to a network. This kind of IP address is very tough to trace and are
thus used by companies and business firms.
You must be thinking as to who or what allocates this Dynamic IP
address every time the device logs in. Well, these IP address are assigned
using DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol). Talking about DHCP in
detail is beyond the scope of this article and we will take it up in a future
post.

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How to set a Static IP Address
Normally, your computer‘s IP Address has a dynamic IP Address. To find
out your computer‘s Dynamic IP simply click the Start button, type cmd and
press Enter. Then, enter the command IPCONFIG and press Enter.
To permanently set it as your Static IP
1. Right click on Wifi icon (Laptop) or LAN icon (PC) at the notification bar
and select Open Network and Sharing Center
2. Select Change adapter settings 3. Right click Local Area Connection
and select Properties

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4. Select Internet Protocol Version 4 and click on Properties
5. Select Use the following IP address and enter the following IP Addresses
Note: If you change the default gateway and preferred DNS server, you will lose
your internet connection.

Version 44
SELF CHECK 4.1
A. Name the two main types of IP Address
1. Ff
2. ff
B. Classes of IP Address
1. Ff
2. F
3. Fd
4. Fd
5. F
Fd

CSS NC II Module : Set-up Computer Networks

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