2. GERUND
Gerunds and infinitives
can function as:
NOUNS
(subjects, objects, subject
complements)
As subjects, they take a singular verb.
Only Gerunds can be object of the
preposition
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4. GERUND
To form gerunds, use
the base form + ing
(don’t forget the rules for spelling of ing form of verbs)
I enjoy learning English
To form negative gerunds, use
not + gerund
Not speaking English well is my biggest
problem in this country.
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5. Function.............
as a Subject
Smoking cost a lot of money
Dancing is fun
as an Object
I don’t like writting a letter
He enjoys working with children
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6. Function.............
as a Complement
My favorite occupation is reading novel
stories
as a certain Verb
I dislike reading newspaper
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7. Function.............
After prepositions
( on, at, after, before etc )
After reading the book, she turn off the
light
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8. Function
By + gerund
You get good grades by studying
hard.
go + gerund
Recreational activities: camping, dancing,
sightseeing, swimming, skiing, fishing, jogging,
I will go fishing with you tomorrow
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9. The different........
PRESENT CONTINUOUS or GERUND
Present Continuous
I am studiying Englih now → as a verb
Gerund
My hobby is swimming → as a noun
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10. Verbs that take only Gerunds
Appreciate Keep
Avoid Mention
Delay Mind
Deny Miss
Discuss Postpone
Dislike Quit
Enjoy Recall
Excuse Recommend
Finish Resent
understand suggest
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11. Common preposition
combinations followed by gerunds
Be excited about, complain about, talk about,
think about, worry about
Apologize for, blame for, famous for
Believe in, interested in, succeed in
Take care of, instead of, be accused of
Insist on, count on, concentrate on
Keep from, prevent from, profit from
In addition to, look forward to, be us to
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12. Some expressions are used with
gerunds
Be busy, can’t help, have fun,
it’s no use, it’s not worth
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15. INFINITIVE
To form infinitives use
to + base form of the verb
I want to dance
To form negative infinitives use
Not + infinitive
He decided not to go to the party
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16. Function
as a Subject
To play football in the yard, when it’s
cloudy is very dangerous.
To live in the United States is my dream
as an Object
When it’s cloudy, is very dangerous to play
football.
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17. Function
There are two verbs
I refused to accept your help.
After adjective
I lazy to study English.
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18. Function
After pronoun
Andy asked indah to marry him.
After Noun
Susan will go to shopping mall to buy a
new bag.
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19. Verbs that take infinitives
Verb + infinitives – agree, appear, decide
hope, intend, learn, offer, plan, seem, tend, wait,
can afford
Verb + Noun phrase + infinitive – cause,
convince, force, invite, order, persuade, remind,
tell, trust, warn, advise, encourage
Verbs that come directly after the infinitive or
have a noun phrase – ask, beg, choose, expect,
need, want, would like, promise
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20. Adjectives followed by infinitives
Afraid, amazed, anxious, ashamed, caref
ul, delighted, eager, fortunate, glad, happ
y, lucky, pleased, ready, sad, sorry,
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21. Infinitive with too and enough
too + adjective or adverb + infinitive
She is too young to vote.
Adjective or adverb + enough +
infinitive
They are old enough to vote.
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22. The different....
Gerund
Deddy is used to like criying when he get
bad score.
Invinitive
Deddy is used to like cry when he get bad
score.
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23. The different....
Gerunds often follow verbs that indicate that
an action is happening or has happened.
The action expressed by the verb comes at the
same time or after the action expressed by the
gerund.
We enjoy going to concerts.
(you can only enjoy things you are doing or have done –
not things you haven’t done yet.)
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24. The different....
Iinfinitives often follow verbs that indicate that
an action will or could happen.
The action expressed by the verb comes before
the action expressed by the infinitive.
We hope to go to the concert.
(You can hope for things that could happen
not things that have already happened)
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25. Thank you....
For your atention
Sekayu
2012
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