SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 2
Money transfer process
Cross-border remittance solution
for business to business (B2B)
Case study
Context:
A start-up e-commerce platform was selling
Australian FMCG in the Hong Kong (HK)
market. High-consumer bounce rates are
observed on the payment page where the
customers were shown the high FX rate
incurred by VISA and MasterCard. The platform
was looking for a suitable overseas money
transfer solution providing a reasonable FX
rate, allowing them to improve customer
satisfaction. The platform also wanted to
increase the cash receivable turnover rate.
Value-added:
The remittance platform served as a payment
solution for the e-commerce. The solution
increased transaction volume and customer
acquisition. Customers can now purchase
goods at a competitive FX rate, resulting in a
cheaper final product.
The e-commerce also receives revenue within
one day of transaction.
EY’s role and activities:
• Market landscape analysis of cross-border
remittance platforms
• Benchmarking, analysis, comparison and
selection of available platforms
• Developed a sales acceleration platform,
including product and business definition,
vendor solution gap analysis and
management dashboard definitions
Client impact:
• Increase in total transaction volume and
customer acquisition
• Decrease in service fees payable for cross-
border transactions
• Decrease in the cash receivable turnover
time from five business days to one
business day
Contact us
Challenges faced by companies
High-margin foreign exchange (FX) rates
Many banks and money transfer operators (MTOs) add margins of 2%-11%
and hidden fees to their FX rates.
Slow transfers
After submitting all the documents, the recipient has to wait for three to
five business days to receive the money.
Complicated procedure
Currently, many paper-based documents need to be submitted by banks for
cross-border remittance.
Cheap and fast cross-border remittance solution
Cheap fees
Mid-market rates + nominal fee (0.25% to 1%)
Zero-Margin FX rates
Simple account
creation
Email ID, mobile number, identification number and
address proof documents are needed to create an
account
Easy procedure
Required to submit payee’s information and the
purpose of remittance
Quick receive Takes one business day to complete a transfer
Remitter Platform Payee
Apply online
Transfer local
currency
Payee
information
Payer account
on platform
Bank
Payee account
on platform
Local
Currency
Foreign
Currency
Receives
foreign
currency
Varun Mittal
EY Global Emerging Markets FinTech
Leader
varun.mittal@sg.ey.com
Website: www.ey.com/sg/fintechhub
Email: fintech@sg.ey.com
Sahil Gupta
EY ASEAN FinTech Manager
sahil.gupta@sg.ey.com
EY | Assurance | Tax | Transactions | Advisory
About EY
EY is a global leader in assurance, tax, transaction and advisory
services. The insights and quality services we deliver help build
trust and confidence in the capital markets and in economies the
world over. We develop outstanding leaders who team to deliver
on our promises to all of our stakeholders. In so doing, we play a
critical role in building a better working world for our people, for
our clients and for our communities.
EY refers to the global organization, and may refer to one or
more, of the member firms of Ernst & Young Global Limited, each
of which is a separate legal entity. Ernst & Young Global Limited,
a UK company limited by guarantee, does not provide services to
clients. For more information about our organization, please visit
ey.com.
© 2018 EYGM Limited.
All Rights Reserved.
EYG no. 011378-18Gbl
ED None.
This material has been prepared for general informational purposes only and is not
intended to be relied upon as accounting, tax or other professional advice. Please
refer to your advisors for specific advice.
ey.com

More Related Content

More from EY

EY Price Point: global oil and gas market outlook (Q4, October 2020)
EY Price Point: global oil and gas market outlook (Q4, October 2020)EY Price Point: global oil and gas market outlook (Q4, October 2020)
EY Price Point: global oil and gas market outlook (Q4, October 2020)EY
 
EY Price Point: global oil and gas market outlook
EY Price Point: global oil and gas market outlookEY Price Point: global oil and gas market outlook
EY Price Point: global oil and gas market outlookEY
 
Zahl der Gewinnwarnungen steigt auf Rekordniveau
Zahl der Gewinnwarnungen steigt auf RekordniveauZahl der Gewinnwarnungen steigt auf Rekordniveau
Zahl der Gewinnwarnungen steigt auf RekordniveauEY
 
Versicherer rechnen mit weniger Neugeschäft
Versicherer rechnen mit weniger NeugeschäftVersicherer rechnen mit weniger Neugeschäft
Versicherer rechnen mit weniger NeugeschäftEY
 
Liquidity for advanced manufacturing and automotive sectors in the face of Co...
Liquidity for advanced manufacturing and automotive sectors in the face of Co...Liquidity for advanced manufacturing and automotive sectors in the face of Co...
Liquidity for advanced manufacturing and automotive sectors in the face of Co...EY
 
IBOR transition: Opportunities and challenges for the asset management industry
IBOR transition: Opportunities and challenges for the asset management industryIBOR transition: Opportunities and challenges for the asset management industry
IBOR transition: Opportunities and challenges for the asset management industryEY
 
Fusionen und Übernahmen dürften nach der Krise zunehmen
Fusionen und Übernahmen dürften nach der Krise zunehmenFusionen und Übernahmen dürften nach der Krise zunehmen
Fusionen und Übernahmen dürften nach der Krise zunehmenEY
 
Start-ups: Absturz nach dem Boom?
Start-ups: Absturz nach dem Boom?Start-ups: Absturz nach dem Boom?
Start-ups: Absturz nach dem Boom?EY
 
EY Price Point: global oil and gas market outlook, Q2, April 2020
EY Price Point: global oil and gas market outlook, Q2, April 2020EY Price Point: global oil and gas market outlook, Q2, April 2020
EY Price Point: global oil and gas market outlook, Q2, April 2020EY
 
Riding the crest of digital health in APAC
Riding the crest of digital health in APACRiding the crest of digital health in APAC
Riding the crest of digital health in APACEY
 
EY Chemical Market Outlook - February 2020
EY Chemical Market Outlook - February 2020EY Chemical Market Outlook - February 2020
EY Chemical Market Outlook - February 2020EY
 
Jobmotor Mittelstand gerät ins Stocken
Jobmotor Mittelstand gerät ins Stocken Jobmotor Mittelstand gerät ins Stocken
Jobmotor Mittelstand gerät ins Stocken EY
 
Trotz Rekordumsätzen ist die Stimmung im Agribusiness durchwachsen
Trotz Rekordumsätzen ist die Stimmung im Agribusiness durchwachsenTrotz Rekordumsätzen ist die Stimmung im Agribusiness durchwachsen
Trotz Rekordumsätzen ist die Stimmung im Agribusiness durchwachsenEY
 
Rekordsummen für deutsche Start-ups
Rekordsummen für deutsche Start-upsRekordsummen für deutsche Start-ups
Rekordsummen für deutsche Start-upsEY
 
Deutschlands börsennotierte Unternehmen werden weiblicher
Deutschlands börsennotierte Unternehmen werden weiblicherDeutschlands börsennotierte Unternehmen werden weiblicher
Deutschlands börsennotierte Unternehmen werden weiblicherEY
 
EY Q1 2020 price point
EY Q1 2020 price pointEY Q1 2020 price point
EY Q1 2020 price pointEY
 
Kommunen setzen auf E-Mobilität
Kommunen setzen auf E-MobilitätKommunen setzen auf E-Mobilität
Kommunen setzen auf E-MobilitätEY
 
Paradigm shift in supply chain management for chemical operating models
Paradigm shift in supply chain management for chemical operating modelsParadigm shift in supply chain management for chemical operating models
Paradigm shift in supply chain management for chemical operating modelsEY
 
Bezpieczny Podatnik - Bezpieczne ulgi podatkowe 2019.pdf
Bezpieczny Podatnik - Bezpieczne ulgi podatkowe 2019.pdfBezpieczny Podatnik - Bezpieczne ulgi podatkowe 2019.pdf
Bezpieczny Podatnik - Bezpieczne ulgi podatkowe 2019.pdfEY
 
Weibliche Vorstände verdienen mehr
Weibliche Vorstände verdienen mehrWeibliche Vorstände verdienen mehr
Weibliche Vorstände verdienen mehrEY
 

More from EY (20)

EY Price Point: global oil and gas market outlook (Q4, October 2020)
EY Price Point: global oil and gas market outlook (Q4, October 2020)EY Price Point: global oil and gas market outlook (Q4, October 2020)
EY Price Point: global oil and gas market outlook (Q4, October 2020)
 
EY Price Point: global oil and gas market outlook
EY Price Point: global oil and gas market outlookEY Price Point: global oil and gas market outlook
EY Price Point: global oil and gas market outlook
 
Zahl der Gewinnwarnungen steigt auf Rekordniveau
Zahl der Gewinnwarnungen steigt auf RekordniveauZahl der Gewinnwarnungen steigt auf Rekordniveau
Zahl der Gewinnwarnungen steigt auf Rekordniveau
 
Versicherer rechnen mit weniger Neugeschäft
Versicherer rechnen mit weniger NeugeschäftVersicherer rechnen mit weniger Neugeschäft
Versicherer rechnen mit weniger Neugeschäft
 
Liquidity for advanced manufacturing and automotive sectors in the face of Co...
Liquidity for advanced manufacturing and automotive sectors in the face of Co...Liquidity for advanced manufacturing and automotive sectors in the face of Co...
Liquidity for advanced manufacturing and automotive sectors in the face of Co...
 
IBOR transition: Opportunities and challenges for the asset management industry
IBOR transition: Opportunities and challenges for the asset management industryIBOR transition: Opportunities and challenges for the asset management industry
IBOR transition: Opportunities and challenges for the asset management industry
 
Fusionen und Übernahmen dürften nach der Krise zunehmen
Fusionen und Übernahmen dürften nach der Krise zunehmenFusionen und Übernahmen dürften nach der Krise zunehmen
Fusionen und Übernahmen dürften nach der Krise zunehmen
 
Start-ups: Absturz nach dem Boom?
Start-ups: Absturz nach dem Boom?Start-ups: Absturz nach dem Boom?
Start-ups: Absturz nach dem Boom?
 
EY Price Point: global oil and gas market outlook, Q2, April 2020
EY Price Point: global oil and gas market outlook, Q2, April 2020EY Price Point: global oil and gas market outlook, Q2, April 2020
EY Price Point: global oil and gas market outlook, Q2, April 2020
 
Riding the crest of digital health in APAC
Riding the crest of digital health in APACRiding the crest of digital health in APAC
Riding the crest of digital health in APAC
 
EY Chemical Market Outlook - February 2020
EY Chemical Market Outlook - February 2020EY Chemical Market Outlook - February 2020
EY Chemical Market Outlook - February 2020
 
Jobmotor Mittelstand gerät ins Stocken
Jobmotor Mittelstand gerät ins Stocken Jobmotor Mittelstand gerät ins Stocken
Jobmotor Mittelstand gerät ins Stocken
 
Trotz Rekordumsätzen ist die Stimmung im Agribusiness durchwachsen
Trotz Rekordumsätzen ist die Stimmung im Agribusiness durchwachsenTrotz Rekordumsätzen ist die Stimmung im Agribusiness durchwachsen
Trotz Rekordumsätzen ist die Stimmung im Agribusiness durchwachsen
 
Rekordsummen für deutsche Start-ups
Rekordsummen für deutsche Start-upsRekordsummen für deutsche Start-ups
Rekordsummen für deutsche Start-ups
 
Deutschlands börsennotierte Unternehmen werden weiblicher
Deutschlands börsennotierte Unternehmen werden weiblicherDeutschlands börsennotierte Unternehmen werden weiblicher
Deutschlands börsennotierte Unternehmen werden weiblicher
 
EY Q1 2020 price point
EY Q1 2020 price pointEY Q1 2020 price point
EY Q1 2020 price point
 
Kommunen setzen auf E-Mobilität
Kommunen setzen auf E-MobilitätKommunen setzen auf E-Mobilität
Kommunen setzen auf E-Mobilität
 
Paradigm shift in supply chain management for chemical operating models
Paradigm shift in supply chain management for chemical operating modelsParadigm shift in supply chain management for chemical operating models
Paradigm shift in supply chain management for chemical operating models
 
Bezpieczny Podatnik - Bezpieczne ulgi podatkowe 2019.pdf
Bezpieczny Podatnik - Bezpieczne ulgi podatkowe 2019.pdfBezpieczny Podatnik - Bezpieczne ulgi podatkowe 2019.pdf
Bezpieczny Podatnik - Bezpieczne ulgi podatkowe 2019.pdf
 
Weibliche Vorstände verdienen mehr
Weibliche Vorstände verdienen mehrWeibliche Vorstände verdienen mehr
Weibliche Vorstände verdienen mehr
 

Recently uploaded

(Best) ENJOY Call Girls in Faridabad Ex | 8377087607
(Best) ENJOY Call Girls in Faridabad Ex | 8377087607(Best) ENJOY Call Girls in Faridabad Ex | 8377087607
(Best) ENJOY Call Girls in Faridabad Ex | 8377087607dollysharma2066
 
8447779800, Low rate Call girls in Shivaji Enclave Delhi NCR
8447779800, Low rate Call girls in Shivaji Enclave Delhi NCR8447779800, Low rate Call girls in Shivaji Enclave Delhi NCR
8447779800, Low rate Call girls in Shivaji Enclave Delhi NCRashishs7044
 
Financial-Statement-Analysis-of-Coca-cola-Company.pptx
Financial-Statement-Analysis-of-Coca-cola-Company.pptxFinancial-Statement-Analysis-of-Coca-cola-Company.pptx
Financial-Statement-Analysis-of-Coca-cola-Company.pptxsaniyaimamuddin
 
8447779800, Low rate Call girls in Saket Delhi NCR
8447779800, Low rate Call girls in Saket Delhi NCR8447779800, Low rate Call girls in Saket Delhi NCR
8447779800, Low rate Call girls in Saket Delhi NCRashishs7044
 
Traction part 2 - EOS Model JAX Bridges.
Traction part 2 - EOS Model JAX Bridges.Traction part 2 - EOS Model JAX Bridges.
Traction part 2 - EOS Model JAX Bridges.Anamaria Contreras
 
Call US-88OO1O2216 Call Girls In Mahipalpur Female Escort Service
Call US-88OO1O2216 Call Girls In Mahipalpur Female Escort ServiceCall US-88OO1O2216 Call Girls In Mahipalpur Female Escort Service
Call US-88OO1O2216 Call Girls In Mahipalpur Female Escort Servicecallgirls2057
 
International Business Environments and Operations 16th Global Edition test b...
International Business Environments and Operations 16th Global Edition test b...International Business Environments and Operations 16th Global Edition test b...
International Business Environments and Operations 16th Global Edition test b...ssuserf63bd7
 
Fordham -How effective decision-making is within the IT department - Analysis...
Fordham -How effective decision-making is within the IT department - Analysis...Fordham -How effective decision-making is within the IT department - Analysis...
Fordham -How effective decision-making is within the IT department - Analysis...Peter Ward
 
Intermediate Accounting, Volume 2, 13th Canadian Edition by Donald E. Kieso t...
Intermediate Accounting, Volume 2, 13th Canadian Edition by Donald E. Kieso t...Intermediate Accounting, Volume 2, 13th Canadian Edition by Donald E. Kieso t...
Intermediate Accounting, Volume 2, 13th Canadian Edition by Donald E. Kieso t...ssuserf63bd7
 
MAHA Global and IPR: Do Actions Speak Louder Than Words?
MAHA Global and IPR: Do Actions Speak Louder Than Words?MAHA Global and IPR: Do Actions Speak Louder Than Words?
MAHA Global and IPR: Do Actions Speak Louder Than Words?Olivia Kresic
 
Flow Your Strategy at Flight Levels Day 2024
Flow Your Strategy at Flight Levels Day 2024Flow Your Strategy at Flight Levels Day 2024
Flow Your Strategy at Flight Levels Day 2024Kirill Klimov
 
Organizational Structure Running A Successful Business
Organizational Structure Running A Successful BusinessOrganizational Structure Running A Successful Business
Organizational Structure Running A Successful BusinessSeta Wicaksana
 
Entrepreneurship lessons in Philippines
Entrepreneurship lessons in  PhilippinesEntrepreneurship lessons in  Philippines
Entrepreneurship lessons in PhilippinesDavidSamuel525586
 
Church Building Grants To Assist With New Construction, Additions, And Restor...
Church Building Grants To Assist With New Construction, Additions, And Restor...Church Building Grants To Assist With New Construction, Additions, And Restor...
Church Building Grants To Assist With New Construction, Additions, And Restor...Americas Got Grants
 
Cyber Security Training in Office Environment
Cyber Security Training in Office EnvironmentCyber Security Training in Office Environment
Cyber Security Training in Office Environmentelijahj01012
 
Chapter 9 PPT 4th edition.pdf internal audit
Chapter 9 PPT 4th edition.pdf internal auditChapter 9 PPT 4th edition.pdf internal audit
Chapter 9 PPT 4th edition.pdf internal auditNhtLNguyn9
 
business environment micro environment macro environment.pptx
business environment micro environment macro environment.pptxbusiness environment micro environment macro environment.pptx
business environment micro environment macro environment.pptxShruti Mittal
 
Cybersecurity Awareness Training Presentation v2024.03
Cybersecurity Awareness Training Presentation v2024.03Cybersecurity Awareness Training Presentation v2024.03
Cybersecurity Awareness Training Presentation v2024.03DallasHaselhorst
 
Appkodes Tinder Clone Script with Customisable Solutions.pptx
Appkodes Tinder Clone Script with Customisable Solutions.pptxAppkodes Tinder Clone Script with Customisable Solutions.pptx
Appkodes Tinder Clone Script with Customisable Solutions.pptxappkodes
 

Recently uploaded (20)

(Best) ENJOY Call Girls in Faridabad Ex | 8377087607
(Best) ENJOY Call Girls in Faridabad Ex | 8377087607(Best) ENJOY Call Girls in Faridabad Ex | 8377087607
(Best) ENJOY Call Girls in Faridabad Ex | 8377087607
 
8447779800, Low rate Call girls in Shivaji Enclave Delhi NCR
8447779800, Low rate Call girls in Shivaji Enclave Delhi NCR8447779800, Low rate Call girls in Shivaji Enclave Delhi NCR
8447779800, Low rate Call girls in Shivaji Enclave Delhi NCR
 
Financial-Statement-Analysis-of-Coca-cola-Company.pptx
Financial-Statement-Analysis-of-Coca-cola-Company.pptxFinancial-Statement-Analysis-of-Coca-cola-Company.pptx
Financial-Statement-Analysis-of-Coca-cola-Company.pptx
 
8447779800, Low rate Call girls in Saket Delhi NCR
8447779800, Low rate Call girls in Saket Delhi NCR8447779800, Low rate Call girls in Saket Delhi NCR
8447779800, Low rate Call girls in Saket Delhi NCR
 
Traction part 2 - EOS Model JAX Bridges.
Traction part 2 - EOS Model JAX Bridges.Traction part 2 - EOS Model JAX Bridges.
Traction part 2 - EOS Model JAX Bridges.
 
Call US-88OO1O2216 Call Girls In Mahipalpur Female Escort Service
Call US-88OO1O2216 Call Girls In Mahipalpur Female Escort ServiceCall US-88OO1O2216 Call Girls In Mahipalpur Female Escort Service
Call US-88OO1O2216 Call Girls In Mahipalpur Female Escort Service
 
International Business Environments and Operations 16th Global Edition test b...
International Business Environments and Operations 16th Global Edition test b...International Business Environments and Operations 16th Global Edition test b...
International Business Environments and Operations 16th Global Edition test b...
 
Fordham -How effective decision-making is within the IT department - Analysis...
Fordham -How effective decision-making is within the IT department - Analysis...Fordham -How effective decision-making is within the IT department - Analysis...
Fordham -How effective decision-making is within the IT department - Analysis...
 
Intermediate Accounting, Volume 2, 13th Canadian Edition by Donald E. Kieso t...
Intermediate Accounting, Volume 2, 13th Canadian Edition by Donald E. Kieso t...Intermediate Accounting, Volume 2, 13th Canadian Edition by Donald E. Kieso t...
Intermediate Accounting, Volume 2, 13th Canadian Edition by Donald E. Kieso t...
 
MAHA Global and IPR: Do Actions Speak Louder Than Words?
MAHA Global and IPR: Do Actions Speak Louder Than Words?MAHA Global and IPR: Do Actions Speak Louder Than Words?
MAHA Global and IPR: Do Actions Speak Louder Than Words?
 
Flow Your Strategy at Flight Levels Day 2024
Flow Your Strategy at Flight Levels Day 2024Flow Your Strategy at Flight Levels Day 2024
Flow Your Strategy at Flight Levels Day 2024
 
Organizational Structure Running A Successful Business
Organizational Structure Running A Successful BusinessOrganizational Structure Running A Successful Business
Organizational Structure Running A Successful Business
 
Entrepreneurship lessons in Philippines
Entrepreneurship lessons in  PhilippinesEntrepreneurship lessons in  Philippines
Entrepreneurship lessons in Philippines
 
Church Building Grants To Assist With New Construction, Additions, And Restor...
Church Building Grants To Assist With New Construction, Additions, And Restor...Church Building Grants To Assist With New Construction, Additions, And Restor...
Church Building Grants To Assist With New Construction, Additions, And Restor...
 
Cyber Security Training in Office Environment
Cyber Security Training in Office EnvironmentCyber Security Training in Office Environment
Cyber Security Training in Office Environment
 
Chapter 9 PPT 4th edition.pdf internal audit
Chapter 9 PPT 4th edition.pdf internal auditChapter 9 PPT 4th edition.pdf internal audit
Chapter 9 PPT 4th edition.pdf internal audit
 
business environment micro environment macro environment.pptx
business environment micro environment macro environment.pptxbusiness environment micro environment macro environment.pptx
business environment micro environment macro environment.pptx
 
Cybersecurity Awareness Training Presentation v2024.03
Cybersecurity Awareness Training Presentation v2024.03Cybersecurity Awareness Training Presentation v2024.03
Cybersecurity Awareness Training Presentation v2024.03
 
Appkodes Tinder Clone Script with Customisable Solutions.pptx
Appkodes Tinder Clone Script with Customisable Solutions.pptxAppkodes Tinder Clone Script with Customisable Solutions.pptx
Appkodes Tinder Clone Script with Customisable Solutions.pptx
 
Japan IT Week 2024 Brochure by 47Billion (English)
Japan IT Week 2024 Brochure by 47Billion (English)Japan IT Week 2024 Brochure by 47Billion (English)
Japan IT Week 2024 Brochure by 47Billion (English)
 

Cross border remittance solution for business to business (b2 b)

  • 1. Money transfer process Cross-border remittance solution for business to business (B2B) Case study Context: A start-up e-commerce platform was selling Australian FMCG in the Hong Kong (HK) market. High-consumer bounce rates are observed on the payment page where the customers were shown the high FX rate incurred by VISA and MasterCard. The platform was looking for a suitable overseas money transfer solution providing a reasonable FX rate, allowing them to improve customer satisfaction. The platform also wanted to increase the cash receivable turnover rate. Value-added: The remittance platform served as a payment solution for the e-commerce. The solution increased transaction volume and customer acquisition. Customers can now purchase goods at a competitive FX rate, resulting in a cheaper final product. The e-commerce also receives revenue within one day of transaction. EY’s role and activities: • Market landscape analysis of cross-border remittance platforms • Benchmarking, analysis, comparison and selection of available platforms • Developed a sales acceleration platform, including product and business definition, vendor solution gap analysis and management dashboard definitions Client impact: • Increase in total transaction volume and customer acquisition • Decrease in service fees payable for cross- border transactions • Decrease in the cash receivable turnover time from five business days to one business day Contact us Challenges faced by companies High-margin foreign exchange (FX) rates Many banks and money transfer operators (MTOs) add margins of 2%-11% and hidden fees to their FX rates. Slow transfers After submitting all the documents, the recipient has to wait for three to five business days to receive the money. Complicated procedure Currently, many paper-based documents need to be submitted by banks for cross-border remittance. Cheap and fast cross-border remittance solution Cheap fees Mid-market rates + nominal fee (0.25% to 1%) Zero-Margin FX rates Simple account creation Email ID, mobile number, identification number and address proof documents are needed to create an account Easy procedure Required to submit payee’s information and the purpose of remittance Quick receive Takes one business day to complete a transfer Remitter Platform Payee Apply online Transfer local currency Payee information Payer account on platform Bank Payee account on platform Local Currency Foreign Currency Receives foreign currency Varun Mittal EY Global Emerging Markets FinTech Leader varun.mittal@sg.ey.com Website: www.ey.com/sg/fintechhub Email: fintech@sg.ey.com Sahil Gupta EY ASEAN FinTech Manager sahil.gupta@sg.ey.com
  • 2. EY | Assurance | Tax | Transactions | Advisory About EY EY is a global leader in assurance, tax, transaction and advisory services. The insights and quality services we deliver help build trust and confidence in the capital markets and in economies the world over. We develop outstanding leaders who team to deliver on our promises to all of our stakeholders. In so doing, we play a critical role in building a better working world for our people, for our clients and for our communities. EY refers to the global organization, and may refer to one or more, of the member firms of Ernst & Young Global Limited, each of which is a separate legal entity. Ernst & Young Global Limited, a UK company limited by guarantee, does not provide services to clients. For more information about our organization, please visit ey.com. © 2018 EYGM Limited. All Rights Reserved. EYG no. 011378-18Gbl ED None. This material has been prepared for general informational purposes only and is not intended to be relied upon as accounting, tax or other professional advice. Please refer to your advisors for specific advice. ey.com