The document describes a project investigating the use of textile mill sludge as a replacement for fine aggregate in concrete. The project members aim to study the strength of concrete with varying replacements of fine aggregate by textile mill sludge. Concrete cubes were cast with 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% replacements and tested at 7 and 14 days to determine compressive strength. Preliminary results found that 5% replacement achieved a higher 7-day strength than normal concrete, while 10% and 15% replacements resulted in lower strengths. Further testing was planned to analyze the results.

1. Project Members: R.CHOLARAJAN
R.PREMKUMAR
K.SHANMUGANATHAN
P.SAKTHIKUMARAN
Project Guide:
Ms.K.JEYASHANKARI. M.E.,
Performance of Textile MillPerformance of Textile Mill
Sludge as Fine AggregateSludge as Fine Aggregate

2. AIM
The aim of our project is to study the
strength of the concrete with replacement of
fine aggregate by Textile Mill SludgeTextile Mill Sludge.

3. INTRODUCTION
• To increase the strength of concrete for replacement of cement for fly ash and sand
for textile mill sludge.
 The textile industry is one of the oldest and largest sector in India. It generates
liquid waste from its different processes. After treatment of the textile waste water
in Effluent Treatment Plants, sludge is generated.
 Government has allotted specific location for its disposal. Generated sludge mostly
disposed in landfill and dumping in the specified areas by Government.
 The transportation and disposal process is very costly.
 In this study, an attempt is made to find out the feasibility of using sludge textile
mill sludge as fine aggregates in M20 grade of concrete.
 The replacement of fine aggregate with sludge in conventional concrete mix affects
workability and density of concrete.

4. M.V.Seshagiri rao, M.Janardhana and M.Swaroopa rani (2001)
Addition of fly ash has resulted in improvement in workability up to 40%
replacement in M20 concrete
Effects Of Mineral Admixture On Concrete
By : Sherzad Hakkari
In general concrete is a material that forms the basis of our modern life. It is the
most widely construction material used because it is easy to place and mold, low cost, its
ingredients is widely available and it has good compressive strength. Concrete is a
composite material consist of aggregates embedded in a hard matrix of cement filling the
space between the aggregate particles.
Vijaya kishore.K
Environmental pollution has become an international problem which has
occupied the priority to be managed and controlled.
One of the important way of the control environmental pollution is waste management.
Literature Review:

5. Application of Sewage Dry Sludge as Fine Aggregate in Concrete
Jamshidi, A. , Mehrdadi, N. , Jamshidi, M.
In recent years, waste production has increased dramatically in developing
nations such as Iran. There are two methods for the disposal of solid waste (dry
sludge) including land filling and using the sludge as fertilizer.
Reuse of textile effluent treatment plant sludge in building materials
J. Balasubramanian a, P.C. Sabumona,, John U. Lazara, R. Ilangovan
Cement concrete cube of standard size 150mm x 150mm x 150mm were
cast with 5, 10 and 15% of sludge. Three specimens were cast in each mix percentage
and the specimens were cured for 7, 14 and 28 days. The mix ratio adopted was
1:1.5:3. The average compressive strength of the concrete cubes

6. METHODOLOGY

8. Before 1st
review
• Preparation of methodology
• Literature Survey
• Selection and collection of
Materials
• Testing of materials
(properties)
• Mix Design (M20)
After 1st
review
• Mix Design (M20)
• Casting & testing of concrete
cube
After 2nd
review
• Casting & testing of concrete
cube
• Analysis of result
• Preparation of report

9. Action Plan
01.02.13 to 05.02.13 -Literature Survey
06.02.13 to 08.02.13 -Selection of Materials
10.02.13 to 11.02.13 -Collection of Materials
12.02.13 to 22.02.13 -Testing of materials
23.02.13 to 02.03.13 -Mix Design
20.03.13 to 25.04.13 -Casting & testing of
concrete cube
25.04.13 to 28.04.13 -Analysis of result
25.04.13 to 10.05.13 -Preparation of report

10. MATERIALS AND METHODS
• Cement
• Aggregate
– Fine aggregate
– Coarse aggregate
• Water
• Textile Mill SludgeTextile Mill Sludge

11. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS
TESTS FOR CEMENT AND FLYASH:
Specific Gravity Test
Fineness Test
Consistency Test
Setting Time test
TESTS FOR SAND AND TEXTILE MILL SLUDGE:
 Specific Gravity Test
 Fineness Modulus of Fine Aggregate Test
 Bulking Test
TESTS FOR COARSE AGGREGATE:
 Flakiness Index Test
 Specific Gravity Test
 Bulk Density of Coarse Aggregate
 Aggregate Impact Test

12. PROPERTIES OF CEMENT:
Specific Gravity = 3.21
Standard Consistency = 30%
Setting Time = 60min(Initial),
360min(Final)
Fineness of Cement = 1.425%
(CHETTINAD OPC43 GRADE)

13. PROPERTIES FINE AGGREGATES
Specific Gravity = 2.76
Fineness Modulus = 2.65
Moisture Content = 6.35%
Bulk density = 1460kg/m3
(less than 4.75mm)

14. PROPERTIES COARSE AGGREGATES
Specific Gravity = 2.67
Fineness Modulus = 7.50
Moisture Content = 5.05%
(above 4.75mm)
(IS 383 – 1970 CONFIRMING ZONE
II)

15. PROPERTIES SILICA FUME:
Specific Gravity = 2.22
Fineness modulus = 2.70
Absorption =1.2 to 1.5%
Bulk density = 1790kg/m3

16. MIX DESIGN
IS 10262-1982

17. CONCRETE MIX DESIGN
M20 (IS 10262-1982)
Characteristic compressive strength = 20N/mm2
Maximum size of aggregate = 20mm
Design of workability = 0.80 compacting factor
Degree of quality control = good
Type of exposure = mild
Cement used = opc 43 grade
Specific gravity of cement = 3.21
Specific gravity of
Coarse aggregate = 2.76
Fine aggregate = 2.67
Target mean strength of concrete =20+ (1.65x4.6)
2

18. Selection of w/c ratio = 0.49
Selection of water & sand content for 20mm nominal size of aggregate zone III
Water content per m3
of concrete = 186kg
Percentage of total aggregate by absolute volume = 35%
Adjustment of values in water content & sand percentage for other conditions:
Water content % sand in total aggregate
Conforming zone II - -
Increase the value of
compacting factor (0.8-
0.8)=0.0
- -
Increase or decrease in
w/c ratio (0.6-0.49)=0.1
- -2.2
+0 -2.2

19. Therefore required sand content as percentage of total aggregate by absolute
volume = 35-2.2%=32.8%
Required water content =186 kg/m3
Determination of cement content
w/c ratio = 0.49
Water = 186
Cement = 186/0.49 =379.59 kg/m3
(min = 220 kg/m3
)
The cement content is adequate for mild exposure condition
Determination of coarse and fine aggregate:
Assume entrapped air is 2%
0.98 = (186+(379.59/3.21)+(1/0.328)*(FA/2.67))*(1/1000)
Fine aggregate = 591.78 kg/m3

20. Coarse aggregate:
0.98 = (186+(379.59/3.21)+(1/1-0.328)*(CA/2.67))*(1/1000)
Coarse aggregate = 1206.69 kg/m3
Cement = 379.59 kg/m3
Fine aggregate = 591.78 kg/m3
Coarse aggregate = 1206.69 kg/m3
Mix ratio = 1:1.54:3.01
= 1 : 1.5 : 3

21. Materials calculation:
Three cubical specimens size = (150 mm x 150 mm x 150 mm)
= 0.15 x 0.15 x 0.15
= 3.375 x 10-3
m3
No of cubes = 3
= 3.375 x 10-3
x 3
= 0.010125 m3
For 3 cubes....
GRADE W/C
(Adopted value)
CEMENT
(Kg)
FINE
AGGREGATE
(kg)
COARSE
AGGREGATE (kg)
M20 0.50 3.83 5.98 12.21

22. CASTING

23. DETAILS OF SPECIMENS
• Three cubical specimens (150 mm x 150
mm x 150 mm) are casted to compute the
7th
day compressive strength for each mix.
• Three cubical specimens (150 mm x 150
mm x 150 mm) are casted to compute the
14th
day compressive strength for each mix.

24. Following are the procedure for Compressive strength test of
Concrete Cubes
APPARATUS
• Compression testing machine
PREPARATION OF CUBE SPECIMENS
• The proportion and material for making these test specimens are from the same
concrete used in the field.
SPECIMEN
• 6 cubes of 15 cm size Mix. M20
MIXING
• Mix the concrete either by hand

25. HAND MIXING
(i)Mix the cement and fine aggregate on a water tight none-absorbent platform until
the mixture is thoroughly blended and is of uniform color
(ii)Add the coarse aggregate and mix with cement and fine aggregate until the
coarse aggregate is uniformly distributed throughout the batch
(iii)Add water and mix it until the concrete appears to be homogeneous and of the
desired consistency
SAMPLING
(i) Clean the mounds and apply oil
(ii) Fill the concrete in the molds in layers approximately 5cm thick
(iii) Compact each layer with not less than 35strokes per layer using a tamping rod
(steel bar 16mm diameter and 60cm long, bullet pointed at lower end)
(iv) Level the top surface and smoothen it with a trowel

26. MIXING OF CONCRETE COMPACTION OF CONCRETE

27. COMPACTION OF CONCRETE FINISHING OF CONCRETE

28. CURING:
The test specimens are stored in moist air for 24hours and after this
period the specimens are marked and removed from the moulds and kept
submerged in clear fresh water until taken out prior to test.
Age of curing: 7 and 14 days…
CURING AFTER CURING

29. CUBE TESTING
COMPRESSIVE TEST AFTER COMPRESSIVE TEST

30. RESULTS
Compressive strength:
DESCRIPTION
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH
(N/mm2
)
7 DAYS 14 DAYS
Ordinary concrete 11.2 15.14
Textile waste replaced
concrete(5%)
20 -
Textile waste replaced
concrete(10%)
14.2 -
Textile waste replaced
concrete(15%)
12.4 -