3. Fat soluble Water soluble
*Stored in the body * Not stored in the body
*Excess is not excreted
usually except in cystic
fibrosis and pancreatic
insufficiency.
*They act as precursors
for co-enzymes and
antioxidants( beta-
carotene & Vitamin E)
*Excess is excreted in
urine.
* They act as (B-
complex) co-enzymes
and (vitamin-C )
antioxidant
7. RDA
1 retinol equivalent= 1µg retinol
=6µg beta carotene
=12µg other carotenes
For males: 3,500 IU
For females:2,500 IU
8. Biological Functions
Steroid like function in growth and differentiation
Effect on epithelia
Prevent keratin synthesis
Retinyl phosphate in synthesis of glycoproteins
Synthesis of transferrin
Synthesis of cholesterol
Caroteinoids play role as antioxidants & reduce risk of
heart attacks
12. Therapeutic uses
Maternal hepatic accumulation of Vitamin A
in fetus occurs during last trimester, hence
preterm infants are relatively deficient in
Vitamin A.
Its administration may reduce mortality &
complications in patients with measles,
especially children due to repair of epithelial
cells.
13. Acute promyelocytic leukemia is treated by all
trans retinol administration before chemotherapy.
Use of retinoic acid preparation as topical
dermatological agents in treatment of psoriasis,
acne & several other skin diseases due to
epithelial regeneration capacity.
Some pre-cancerous lesions seem to respond to
treatment with Caroteinoids.
19. Prevents sterility by protecting germinal
epithelium
Prevents oxidation of PUFA, Vitamin A &
Caroteinoids
Stabilizes co-enzyme Q of ETS
Needed for optimal amino acid absorption
Protects liver from carbon tetrachloride
Required for proper storage of creatinine in
skeletal muscle
Necessary in heme synthesis by enhancing
activity of δ-amino levulinic acid synthase &
hydratase
Prevents cancer & heart diseases