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The Environment 
1
A relatively stable community of organisms 
that have established interlocking 
relationships and exchanges with one 
another and their natural habitat is called an 
ecosystem. 
2
The Growing Urban Environment 
3
What Mike Davis refers to as a 
Planet of Slums 
4
The City of Seoul 
5
Seoul slums 
6
Brazilia Brazil with adjacent 
slums 
7
Caracas Venezuela 
8
Caracas Slum 
9
Buenos Aires Obelisco 
10
Buenos Aires Slum 
11
• In 1950 there were 86 cities in the world 
with a population of over a million. 
• Today there are 400 
• By 2015 there will be at least 550 
Davis, 2007 
12
13
Mumbai India 
14
Mumbai India 
15
Mexico City 
16
Mexico City 
17
• In 1800, 3 percent of the world’s population 
lived in cities. 
• By 1900, 14 percent of the population was 
urban 
• At present almost half of the world’s 
population is urbanized. 
18
19
Pollution from cities 
20
The Killer Fog of London, 1952 
21
London at noon 
22
23
San Jose CA 
24
Shanghai on a bad day 
25
Deforestation 
26
Amazon Forest 
27
28
29
30
31
Global Warming at the Maldive 
Islands 
32 
These islands may disappear by 2100
Kiribati Islands are sinking right 
now. 
33
One of the options canvassed by the Kiribati 
parliament is to migrate to a floating man-made 
island in the middle of the pacific. Something 
like this: 
ok, the more serious option is to move to Fiji 34
More than 160 nations forged an agreement 
called the Kyoto protocol. It called for a 
reduction of carbon emissions—the primary 
culprit in global warming. 
This agreement was not signed by the US. 
35
Copenhagen climate change conference in 
2009. 
Who wrecked the deal? China or the US? 
Nothing was binding. Little accomplished. 
36
Politicians and Science 
37
Water! 
38
Over one billion people on this 
planet do not have safe drinking 
water. 
39
Global commons from space 
40
41
Each year thousands of children 
die because of the quality of 
drinking water. 
42
Eight to eleven thousand 
people die every day from 
water related diseases. 
43
Privatization of the world’s water 
• In 1990 51 million people in the world got 
their water from private companies. 
• By 2002 that number had grown to 300 
million people. 
44
The major water companies: 
• Suez, Veolia, and Saur of France 
• Thames Water of England 
• RWE of Germany (now owns Thames) 
45
The three largest water bottling 
companies: 
• Nestlé (including Perrier, Arrowhead, 
Vittel, Pellegrino, Calistoga, Ice Mountain, 
Deer Park and Poland Springs brands) 
• Coca Cola (Dasani) 
• PepsiCo (Aquafina) 
46
In 2003, 3 million plastic water 
bottles went into the trash each 
day in California alone. Only 16 
percent were recycled. 
(Barrons in P.O.V.) 
47
48

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Environment 5 7-14