an overview of some frameworks for organizations interested in internationalization

1. Going global: Internationalization strategies Robin Teigland Stockholm School of Economics [email_address] www.knowledgenetworking.org www.slideshare.net/eteigland April 2008

4. Global supply chains - Dell Susanto Surrounding every Dell factory are supplier logistic centers owned by the different suppliers of Dell parts - Friedman 2005

5. International production network – Boeing 787 Networked internationalization is at the core of the production process - Castells 2000

6. Patterns of internationalization Trading Global industries industries --aerospace --automobiles --military hardware --oil --diamond mining --semiconductors --agriculture --consumer electronics Domestic Multidomestic industries industries --railroads --laundries/dry cleaning --retail banking --hairdressing --hotels - - milk --consulting International trade Foreign direct investment LOW LOW HIGH HIGH Grant 2007

7. You are listening to WWBH , Kiss FM! The Radio Model Adapted from Sölvell

8. W HY? Ask yourself four basic questions H OW? B RING? W HERE? You are listening to WWBH , Kiss FM! Adapted from Sölvell

10. W HY? Ask yourself four basic questions H OW? B RING? W HERE? You are listening to WWBH , Kiss FM! Adapted from Sölvell

15. W HY? Ask yourself four basic questions H OW? B RING? W HERE? You are listening to WWBH , Kiss FM! Adapted from Sölvell

17. Where? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 192 member states in UN !!! ? Wikipedia

18. PESTEL – What characterizes the national environment? Johnson & Scholes 1997 Political Environmental Technological Legal Social Economic National environment

21. Differences in uncertainty avoidance and power distance Grant 2007

24. Porter’s diamond model

25. What is the quality of the business environment? Porter’s Diamond Model

26. Is there a cluster to tap into? Haan

28. The Boston Life Sciences Cluster – Porter 2005

29. Nations/regions are trying to attract investment

30. After this preliminary screening… Which foreign markets warrant further detailed investigation?

32. Industry definition A group of firms producing products that are close substitutes for each other Porter

33. How big is the profit and who is after it? vs Profit Profit

34. Five forces of competition SUPPLIERS POTENTIAL ENTRANTS SUBSTITUTES BUYERS INDUSTRY COMPETITORS Rivalry among existing firms Bargaining power of suppliers Bargaining power of buyers Threat of new entrants Threat of substitutes Porter

40. W HY? Ask yourself four basic questions H OW? B RING? W HERE? You are listening to WWBH , Kiss FM! Adapted from Sölvell

42. Can you enter from a vantage point? Adapted from Sölvell

44. Functional classification of organizational capabilities FUNCTION CAPABILITY EXAMPLES Corporate Financial management ExxonMobil, GE management Strategic control IBM, Samsung Coordinating business units BP, P&G Managing acquisitions Citigroup, Cisco MIS Speed and responsiveness through Wal-Mart, Dell, rapid information transfer Capital One R&D Research capability Merck, IBM Development of innovative new products Apple, 3M Manufacturing Efficient volume manufacturing Briggs & Stratton Continuous Improvement Nucor, Harley-D Flexibility Zara, Four Seasons Design Design capability Apple, Nokia Marketing Brand management P&G, LVMH, Coke Quality reputation Johnson & Johnson Responsiveness to market trends MTV, L’Oreal Sales, distribution Sales responsiveness PepsiCo, Pfizer & service Efficiency and speed of distribution LL Bean, Dell Customer Service Singapore Airlines Caterpillar Grant 2007

46. Leveraging resources and capabilities for success

47. W HY? Ask yourself four basic questions H OW? B RING? W HERE? You are listening to WWBH , Kiss FM! Adapted from Sölvell

49. A hierarchical model of entry choice modes Adapted from Y. Pan & D. Tse, 2000, The hierarchical model of market entry modes (p. 538), Journal of International Business Studies , 31: 535–554. Commitment

51. Assessing trade-offs of entry modes Delfmann

52. Advantages & disadvantages of entry modes Hill 2000

53. Advantages & disadvantages of entry modes Hill 2000

64. SUZUKI ISUZU TOYOTA IBC Vehicles Ltd. (U.K.) GM New United Motor Manufacturing Inc. (NUMMI) 10% owned. Co-production 49%owned. Co-production 40% investment 60% owned 50% owned 50% owned (Makes vans in UK) (Makes cars in US) SAAB 50% owned FIAT 20% owned (2000-5). Collaboration on technology and components FUJI 20% owned; joint production DAEWOO 50.9% owned; technical & production collaboration AVTOVAZ Russian JV to produce cars SAIC JV to produce cars in China General Motors ’ alliances with competitors Grant 2007

66. Dynamics of internationalization Ongoing assessment of trade-offs and resources and capabilities Ongoing evaluation of national and industry environments Decision to increase internationalization involvement

69. W W B H Often forgotten Implicit Changed logic over time Often overstated Focus often put here Often forced trial-and-error Don´t forget 5 forces analysis! Lessons Adapted from Sölvell

73. What about recent developments in virtual worlds?

74. The number of virtual worlds is growing Wonderland Teigland 2008

77. Reaching out to co-create today’s solutions… Philips Design Group Teigland 2008

78. ..and even tomorrow’s solutions Building the house of the future in an HSB competition Teigland 2008

81. Thanks and see you in world! Karinda Rhode aka Robin Teigland [email_address] www.knowledgenetworking.org www.slideshare.net/eteigland

82. Measurement GEB 6365 THE INTERNATIONAL MARKETING RESEARCH PROCESS FIRM OBJECTIVE INFORMATION REQUIREMENT PROBLEM DEFINITION CHOOSE UNIT OF ANALYSIS EXAMINE DATA AVAILABILTY Can Secondary Data be Used? ASSESS VALUE OF RESEARCH RESEARCH DESIGN DATA ANALYSIS INTERPRETATION/ PRESENTATION Firm’s Needs Market Orientation Strategic Orientation Problem Orientation Self Reference Criterion Country Region Global Subgroup/Segments Within Countries Cost/ Benefit Analysis Causal Descriptive Exploratory Data Preparation Data Manipulation T-tests & Cross TAbs Experimental Design & ANOVA Multivariate Techniques Advantages / Disadavantages of Secondary Research Sources of Secondary Data Types of Problems That CAn be Solved Using Secondary Data Frequency & Ease of Use Issues in Primary Data Collection Qualitative Methodsi Surveys Instrument Design Scale Development Sampling Types Sources of Bias Country/ Regional Specific Bias Equivalence Coding Wording Format Construct Sampling Analysis Yes No