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Cephalosporins 5th generation
 Cephalosporins are structurally and
pharmacologically related to the penicillins
 They have a beta-lactam ring structure
that interferes with synthesis of the
bacterial cell wall
 Bactericidal Activity
 Cephalosporins are bactericidal agents
and have the same mode of action as
other beta-lactam antibiotics (such as
penicillins).
 Cephalosporins disrupt the synthesis of the
peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell
walls, which causes the walls to break
down and eventually the bacteria die.
 Cephalosporins are bactericidal for most of
the following:
 Gram-positive bacteria
 Gram-negative bacteria
 Cephalosporins are used to treat infections
in different parts of the body—the
ears, nose, throat, lungs, sinuses, and
skin, for example.
 Cephalosporins are a newer class
of antibiotics and often are seen as an
alternative to penicillin
 Cephalosporins are grouped into
"generations" based on their spectrum of
antimicrobial activity.
 Each newer generation of cephalosporins
has significantly greater gram-negative
antimicrobial properties than the
preceding generation, in most cases with
decreased activity against gram-positive
organisms.
 Fourth generation cephalosporins,
however, have true broad spectrum
activity.
Currently there are only two drugs in this
category, Ceftobiprole and Ceftaroline.
These new drugs are also the only β-lactam
antibiotics that are effective
against methicillin-resistant-
Staphylococcus-aureus (MRSA).
They inhibits the 2a penicillin-binding
protein (PBP) of methicillin-
resistant Staphylococcus aureus and the 2x
PBP of Streptococcus pneumoniae, as well
as the classic PBP-2 of MSSA. Ceftobiprole is
resistant to staphylococcal β-lactamase.
 MRSA is any strain of Staphylococcus
aureus that has evolved resistance to beta-
lactam antibiotics, which include
the penicillins (methicillin, dicloxacillin, nafc
illin, oxacillin, etc.)
 and the cephalosporins. Strains unable to
resist these antibiotics are classified as
methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus
aureus, or MSSA.
 resistance does make MRSA infection more
difficult to treat with standard types of
antibiotics and thus more dangerous.
Ceftobiprole
Ceftobiprole is a pyrrolidinone-3-
ylidenemethyl cephem. The C-3 side chain
was specifically designed to have a strong
binding affinity to PBP2a and PBP2x. PBP2a is
known to give staphylococci resistance to
other β-lactam drugs and PBPx does the
same for pneumococci.
Ceftobiprole also has a
aminothiazoylhydroxyimino side chain at the
C-7 position which is known to give good
resistance to β-lactamase from S. aureus.
Together these active groups make
Ceftobiprole bactericidal to MRSA.
Ceftobiprole has poor water solubility and is
therefore administered intravenously.
Clinical used:
Methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus
aureus associated
with endocarditis and
bone and joint
infections
Pneumonia caused
by Penicillin-resistant
Streptococcus
pneumoniae
Pseudomonas
aeruginosa
Enterococci.
Cephalosporins 5th generation
Cephalosporins 5th generation
Cephalosporins 5th generation
Cephalosporins 5th generation
Cephalosporins 5th generation
Cephalosporins 5th generation
Ceftaroline
Ceftaroline was developed from the fourth
generation cephalosporin Cefozopran, It
retains the alkoxyimino group at position C-7
from earlier generations so it is fairly stable in
the presence of many β-lactamases.
Since MRSA and penicillin resistant
Streptococcus pneumoniae have resistance
dedicated to new types of PBP, PBP2a and
PBP2x respectively,
both Ceftaroline and Ceftobiprole have C-3
side chains specially engineered to bind
these new PBP. In the case of Ceftaroline this
side chain contains a 2-thioazolythio spacer
linkage optimised for its anti-MRSA activity.]
Cephalosporins 5th generation
Cephalosporins 5th generation
Cephalosporins 5th generation
Cephalosporins 5th generation
Cephalosporins 5th generation
Cephalosporins 5th generation
Cephalosporins 5th generation

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Cephalosporins 5th generation

  • 2.  Cephalosporins are structurally and pharmacologically related to the penicillins  They have a beta-lactam ring structure that interferes with synthesis of the bacterial cell wall  Bactericidal Activity
  • 3.  Cephalosporins are bactericidal agents and have the same mode of action as other beta-lactam antibiotics (such as penicillins).  Cephalosporins disrupt the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls, which causes the walls to break down and eventually the bacteria die.
  • 4.  Cephalosporins are bactericidal for most of the following:  Gram-positive bacteria  Gram-negative bacteria  Cephalosporins are used to treat infections in different parts of the body—the ears, nose, throat, lungs, sinuses, and skin, for example.  Cephalosporins are a newer class of antibiotics and often are seen as an alternative to penicillin
  • 5.  Cephalosporins are grouped into "generations" based on their spectrum of antimicrobial activity.  Each newer generation of cephalosporins has significantly greater gram-negative antimicrobial properties than the preceding generation, in most cases with decreased activity against gram-positive organisms.  Fourth generation cephalosporins, however, have true broad spectrum activity.
  • 6. Currently there are only two drugs in this category, Ceftobiprole and Ceftaroline. These new drugs are also the only β-lactam antibiotics that are effective against methicillin-resistant- Staphylococcus-aureus (MRSA). They inhibits the 2a penicillin-binding protein (PBP) of methicillin- resistant Staphylococcus aureus and the 2x PBP of Streptococcus pneumoniae, as well as the classic PBP-2 of MSSA. Ceftobiprole is resistant to staphylococcal β-lactamase.
  • 7.  MRSA is any strain of Staphylococcus aureus that has evolved resistance to beta- lactam antibiotics, which include the penicillins (methicillin, dicloxacillin, nafc illin, oxacillin, etc.)  and the cephalosporins. Strains unable to resist these antibiotics are classified as methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus, or MSSA.  resistance does make MRSA infection more difficult to treat with standard types of antibiotics and thus more dangerous.
  • 8. Ceftobiprole Ceftobiprole is a pyrrolidinone-3- ylidenemethyl cephem. The C-3 side chain was specifically designed to have a strong binding affinity to PBP2a and PBP2x. PBP2a is known to give staphylococci resistance to other β-lactam drugs and PBPx does the same for pneumococci. Ceftobiprole also has a aminothiazoylhydroxyimino side chain at the C-7 position which is known to give good resistance to β-lactamase from S. aureus. Together these active groups make Ceftobiprole bactericidal to MRSA. Ceftobiprole has poor water solubility and is therefore administered intravenously. Clinical used: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus associated with endocarditis and bone and joint infections Pneumonia caused by Penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae Pseudomonas aeruginosa Enterococci.
  • 15. Ceftaroline Ceftaroline was developed from the fourth generation cephalosporin Cefozopran, It retains the alkoxyimino group at position C-7 from earlier generations so it is fairly stable in the presence of many β-lactamases. Since MRSA and penicillin resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae have resistance dedicated to new types of PBP, PBP2a and PBP2x respectively, both Ceftaroline and Ceftobiprole have C-3 side chains specially engineered to bind these new PBP. In the case of Ceftaroline this side chain contains a 2-thioazolythio spacer linkage optimised for its anti-MRSA activity.]