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1 April 9, 2016 – v2.0
Lean Quick Changeover (SMED) Process
by Operational Excellence Consulting LLC
2 April 9, 2016 – v2.0
Lean Management – Lean Thinking
β€œOne of the most noteworthy accomplishments in
keeping the price of Ford products low is the gradual
shortening of the production cycle. The longer an article
is in the process of manufacture and the more it is
moved about, the greater is its ultimate cost.”
Henry Ford, 1863 – 1947
β€œAll we are doing is looking at the time line, from the
moment the customer gives us an order to the point when
we collect the cash. We are reducing the time line by
reducing the non-value added activities.”
Taiichi Ohno, 1912 – 1990
3 April 9, 2016 – v2.0
Lean Management – A little Bit of History
Eli Whitney developed the concept of
interchangeable parts around 1799
when he accepted an order from the
U.S. Army for the manufacture of
10,000 muskets at the unbelievably
low price of $13.40 each.
For the next 100 years manufacturers
primarily concerned themselves with
individual technologies.
During this time engineering drawings
developed, modern machine tools
were perfected and large scale pro-
cesses (e.g. the Bessemer process
for making steel) held the center of
attention.
That changed in the late 1890s.
4 April 9, 2016 – v2.0
Lean Management – A little Bit of History
In the late 1890s, Frederick W. Taylor
began to look at individual workers and
work methods. The result was time
study and standardized work. He
called his ideas Scientific Manage-
ment. The concept of applying science
to management was sound but Taylor
simply ignored the behavioral
sciences.
Frank Gilbreth added motion study and
invented process charting. Process
Charting focused attention on all work
elements including those non-value
added elements which occur between
the "official" elements.
Lillian Gilbreth brought psychology into
the mix by studying the motivations of
workers and how attitudes affected the
outcome of a process.
5 April 9, 2016 – v2.0
Lean Management – A little Bit of History
Starting about 1910, Henry Ford
fashioned the first comprehensive
Manufacturing Strategy. He took all
the elements of a manufacturing
system -- people, machines, tooling,
and products -- and arranged them in
a continuous system for manufac-
turing the Model T automobile.
Ford is considered by many to be the
first practitioner of Just-In-Time (JIT)
and Lean Manufacturing.
Ford's success inspired many others
to copy his methods. But most of
those who copied did not understand
the fundamentals. Ford assembly
lines were often employed for
products and processes that were
unsuitable for them.
6 April 9, 2016 – v2.0
Lean Management – A little Bit of History
After WW II, Japan started to study
American production methods with
particular attention to Ford practices
and the Statistical Quality Control
practices of Ishikawa, Edwards
Deming, and Joseph Juran.
At Toyota Motor Company, Taiichi
Ohno and Shigeo Shingo, began to
incorporate Ford production and other
techniques into an approach called
Toyota Production System (TPS) or
Just-In-Time (JIT).
Toyota also β€œdiscovered” that factory
workers had far more to contribute
than just muscle power and developed
the concept of Quality Circles.
All of this took place between about
1949 and 1975.
7 April 9, 2016 – v2.0
Lean Management – A little Bit of History
In 1990 James Womack wrote a book
called "The Machine That Changed
The World".
Womack's book was a straight-
forward account of the history of
automobile manufacturing combined
with a comparative study of Japa-
nese, American, and European auto-
motive assembly plants.
What was new was a term - "Lean
Manufacturingβ€œ.
8 April 9, 2016 – v2.0
Lean Management – Three Types of Process Activities
Non-
Value
Added
Business-
Value Added
Value-
Added
Customer is not willing to
pay for these activities
and they should be
eliminated, e.g. rework.
Customer are willing to
pay the organization for
these activities, e.g.
assembly or data entry.
Customers are not willing
to pay for these activities,
but the organizations
deems these activities as
necessary, e.g. preventive
maintenance.
Many process have
less than 20% value-
added activities.
9 April 9, 2016 – v2.0
Key Lean Objectives:
Reduce Lead Time
β†’ Eliminate or Reduce Non-Value-Added Activities
Lean Management – Definition of Value Adding Work
Three Criteria for Adding Value
1. Customer wants you to do it (or will pay for it)
2. The material / information is being processed or transformed into final
products or services
3. It is done right the first time
10 April 9, 2016 – v2.0
Lean Management – How do you spend your time?
β€’ Value-Adding (VA) – increases worth of a product or service
β€’ Non-Value-Adding but Necessary (NVABN) – required to keep
the organization operating, e.g. compliance
β€’ Non-Value-Adding (NVA) and Unnecessary – all other tasks not
identified above
β€’ Lean Management reduces lead time through
– Streamlining VA work
– Minimizing NVABN work
– Eliminating NVA work
11 April 9, 2016 – v2.0
Lean Management – The 7 Wastes
The seven wastes originated in Japan, where waste is known as β€œmuda.β€œ The
elimination of non-value adding activities or waste is one of the most effective ways
to improve customer satisfaction and increase the profitability of any business.
Inventory
Over-Processing
Waiting
Transportation
Defects
Motion
Over-Production
The 7 Wastes
12 April 9, 2016 – v2.0
The 7 Wastes – Transportation
Transportation
Definition: Any material or information movement, mainly between processing
steps, that does not directly support the creation of the product or service.
Causes: Improper Facility Layout – Excessive Handoffs – Large Lot Processing
– Large Lot Purchasing – Poor Workplace Organization – Large Buffers &
Storage Locations – Offsite Storage Locations – Poor Scheduling – …
13 April 9, 2016 – v2.0
The 7 Wastes – Inventory
Inventory
Definition: Any supply, i.e. raw material, work-in-process or finished good, in
excess of processing requirements necessary to produce the product or
service in a just-in-time manner.
Causes: Inaccurate Forecasting Systems – Incapable Processes – Incapable
Suppliers – Long Replenishment Lead Times – Local Optimization – Long
Changeover Times – Poor Inventory Tracking – Poor Management of Work-
in-Process – Unbalanced Processing Steps – …
14 April 9, 2016 – v2.0
The 7 Wastes – Motion
Motion
Definition: Any movement, incl. searching, of people which does not
contribute added value to the product or service.
Causes: Ineffective Equipment, Office or Plant Layout – Lack of Visual
Controls – Poor Workplace Organization – Lack of Standard Work – Poor IT
System Design – Poor Process Documentation – Poor Storage Solutions –
Unclear & Incomplete Instructions – …
15 April 9, 2016 – v2.0
The 7 Wastes – Waiting
Waiting
Definition: Idle time that occurs when codependent processing steps or
activities are not fully synchronized.
Causes: Inconsistent Work Methods – Lack of Proper Equipment & Materials
– Long Setup Times – Low Man & Machine Effectiveness – Poor Equipment
Maintenance – Skills Monopolies – Unnecessary Handovers – Production
Bottlenecks – Unnecessary Approvals – …
16 April 9, 2016 – v2.0
The 7 Wastes – Over-Production
Over-Production
Definition: Producing more than is needed, faster than needed and before it
is needed.
Causes: Incapable Processes – Poor Planning & Scheduling – Low Uptime
– Lengthy Setup Times – Local Optimization – Cost Accounting Practices –
Lack of Communication – Unnecessary Reports – Duplicative Data Entry –
…
17 April 9, 2016 – v2.0
The 7 Wastes – Over-Processing
Over-Processing
Definition: Excessive or redundant effort of production and communication
which adds no value to the final product or service.
Causes: Decision Making at Inappropriate levels – Unclear Roles &
Responsibilities – Too many Handoffs – Inefficient Policies & Procedures –
Poor Configuration Controls – Spurious Quality Standards – Lack of
Customer Input – Unclear Customer Requirements – Unproductive Meetings
– Expediting – Firefighting – Changing Priorities – …
18 April 9, 2016 – v2.0
The 7 Wastes – Defects
Defects
Definition: Repair or rework of a product or service to fulfill customer
requirements, as well as scrap waste resulting from materials deemed to be
un-repairable or un-reworkable.
Causes: Excessive Process Variation – High Inventory Levels – Incapable
Processes – Inadequate Tools & Equipment – Insufficient Training –
Insufficient Mistake Proofing – Unnecessary Handing – Unclear & Incomplete
Customer Requirements – …
19 April 9, 2016 – v2.0
The 7 Wastes – Summary
In the latest edition of the Lean Manufacturing
classic Lean Thinking, Underutilization of
Employees has been added as an eighth
waste.
Organizations employ their staff for their
nimble fingers and strong muscles but forget
they come to work everyday with a free brain.
It is only by capitalizing on employees'
creativity that organizations can eliminate the
other seven wastes and continuously improve
their performance.
Many changes over recent years have driven organizations to become world
class organizations or Lean Enterprises. The first step in achieving that goal is
to identify and attack the seven wastes. As Toyota and other world-class
organizations have come to realize, Customers will pay for value added work,
but never for waste.
20 April 9, 2016 – v2.0
Lean Management – The Five Lean Principles
Define Value - Specify value from the Customer
perspective.
Map Value Stream - Identify the value stream for
each product or service and challenge all of the
non-value adding steps (wastes) currently
necessary to create and deliver this product or
service. Add nothing than value.
Create Flow - Make the product or service creation and delivery process flow
through the remaining value-added steps.
Establish Pull – Introduce pull between all process steps where continuous flow
is possible.
Pursuit Perfection – Manage toward perfection so that the number of steps and
the amount of time and information needed to create and deliver this product or
service.
21 April 9, 2016 – v2.0
Lean Management – Kaizen Events
Process Changeover Reduction or SMED Activities
are best implemented using Lean Kaizen Events.
22 April 9, 2016 – v2.0
Lean Management – Kaizen Events
οƒ˜ Kaizen
– Continuous, incremental improvements
– Should not take longer than 3 – 5 days, excluding preparation
– Example: Reduce equipment set-up time, improve order management
process, reduce motion waste in specific work area, implement 5S
Visual Workplace Organization in specific work area, …
– Also called β€œPoint Kaizen” and β€œProcess Kaizen”
Kai β†’ β€œto take apart and put back together”
Zen β†’ β€œto think about it”
β€œKaizen is the opposite of complacency.”
John A. Young, CEO of Hewlett Packard
23 April 9, 2016 – v2.0
Kaizen Events – Preparation Phase
οƒΌ Define the strategic or operational purpose, objectives and deliverables
οƒΌ Formulate event drivers, e.g. current state issues and challenges
οƒΌ Establish metrics and obtain current baseline data
οƒΌ Ensure the Sponsor’s commitment & engagement
οƒΌ Have sponsor kick off the event and set expectations
οƒΌ Keep the sponsor informed and engaged throughout the event
οƒΌ Sponsor approve the team’s recommendations
οƒΌ Assists in implementing solutions and any follow-up actions
οƒΌ Leads celebration of successful event
οƒΌ Develop project description & define event scope (physical boundaries)
οƒΌ Identify and address potential obstacles and risks
οƒΌ …
24 April 9, 2016 – v2.0
β€’ Project
Charter
β€’ Business
Impact
β€’ Current
Challenges
β€’ Current
Standard
Procedures
β€’ Tools &
Techniques
Team Briefing
on:
Phase 1
Kaizen Events – Day 1 or Phase 1
25 April 9, 2016 – v2.0
Phase 1: General Training & Lean Thinking
οƒ˜ All participants need a basic foundation of Lean training
οƒ˜ Team members need a common language
οƒ˜ This training is often completed prior to the event
οƒ˜ Minimum awareness required for all team members:
οƒ˜ Lean Thinking and basic concepts
οƒ˜ What is waste
οƒ˜ 5S mentality
οƒ˜ Event ground rules
οƒ˜ This will become less necessary over time, but a brief
review is advisable even for experienced teams
26 April 9, 2016 – v2.0
Phase 1: Specific Training & Data Review
οƒ˜ Review event scope and goals / Charter
οƒ˜ Explain the tools and methods to be used in the event
οƒ˜ Event / project specific training as required
οƒ˜ Review any data or tools already available
οƒ˜ Previous Kaizen event or Six Sigma project findings
οƒ˜ 5S work that has been done in the area
οƒ˜ VSM and Cycle Time data
οƒ˜ Constraint and TAKT / resource data
οƒ˜ Anything else relevant…
27 April 9, 2016 – v2.0
Team Briefing
on:
Project-Specific
Training
●
Measure &
Analyze Current
Work Process
●
Identify Current
Process
Weakness and
Quick Wins
●
Formulate
Improvement
Plans
Phase 2Phase 1
β€’ Project
Charter
β€’ Business
Impact
β€’ Current
Challenges
β€’ Current
Standard
Procedures
β€’ Tools &
Techniques
Kaizen Events – Day 2 or Phase 2
28 April 9, 2016 – v2.0
Phase 2: Analyze Current Process
οƒ˜ Measure and analyze the current process work
οƒ˜ Capture the current process
οƒ˜ Analyze the process for Non-Value Added tasks
οƒ˜ Formulate process improvements
οƒ˜ Brainstorm the opportunities
οƒ˜ Identify potential solutions
οƒ˜ Determine which idea(s) will be tried first
Any of the tools of Lean and Six Sigma can be used to
accomplish these objectives within a Kaizen event
29 April 9, 2016 – v2.0
Team Briefing
on:
Project-Specific
Training
●
Measure &
Analyze Current
Work Process
●
Identify Current
Process
Weakness and
Quick Wins
●
Formulate
Improvement
Plans
Simulate &
Finalize
Improvements
●
Implement
Improvements
●
Evaluate
Improvements
β€’ Project
Charter
β€’ Business
Impact
β€’ Current
Challenges
β€’ Current
Standard
Procedures
β€’ Tools &
Techniques
Kaizen Events – Day 3 or Phase 3
Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3
30 April 9, 2016 – v2.0
Phase 3: Simulate & Finalize Improvements
οƒ˜ Try out the best ideas from Phase 2
οƒ˜ Ideally done within the actual process environment
οƒ˜ If not possible, use simulations or test areas
οƒ˜ Fine tune the improvements
οƒ˜ Keep looking for better ways
οƒ˜ Attack whatever waste you can find
οƒ˜ Finalize the data and metrics to evaluate the change
31 April 9, 2016 – v2.0
Team Briefing
on:
Project-Specific
Training
●
Measure &
Analyze Current
Work Process
●
Identify Current
Process
Weakness and
Quick Wins
●
Formulate
Improvement
Plans
Establish New
Standard
Process
●
Operate Using
New Standard
Process
●
Finalize New
Standard
Process
●
Establish
Process
Controls
Simulate &
Finalize
Improvements
●
Implement
Improvements
●
Evaluate
Improvements
Phase 4Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3
β€’ Project
Charter
β€’ Business
Impact
β€’ Current
Challenges
β€’ Current
Standard
Procedures
β€’ Tools &
Techniques
Kaizen Events – Day 4 or Phase 4
32 April 9, 2016 – v2.0
Phase 4: Improvement Evaluation
οƒ˜ Evaluate the improvements made (based on data!)
οƒ˜ Team agrees that changes are final (for this event)
οƒ˜ Ensure all 5S elements have been addressed
οƒ˜ Document the new procedures
οƒ˜ Write or modify standard procedures
οƒ˜ Include visual work instructions wherever possible
οƒ˜ Test the new procedures under real world conditions
οƒ˜ Finalize and define training plans as required
οƒ˜ Include ongoing maintenance and Control Plans
33 April 9, 2016 – v2.0
Team Briefing
on:
Project-Specific
Training
●
Measure &
Analyze Current
Work Process
●
Identify Current
Process
Weakness and
Quick Wins
●
Formulate
Improvement
Plans
Establish New
Standard
Process
●
Operate Using
New Standard
Process
●
Finalize New
Standard
Process
●
Establish
Process
Controls
Simulate &
Finalize
Improvements
●
Implement
Improvements
●
Evaluate
Improvements
β€’ Project
Charter
β€’ Business
Impact
β€’ Current
Challenges
β€’ Current
Standard
Procedures
β€’ Tools &
Techniques
Kaizen Events – Day 5 or Phase 5
Present
Results
●
Agree on
Next Steps
●
Celebrate!
Phase 5Phase 4Phase 2 Phase 3Phase 1
34 April 9, 2016 – v2.0
Phase 5: Report Out & Celebration
οƒ˜ Confirm that the event has met its objectives
οƒ˜ Present results and action plans to Leadership
οƒ˜ Obtain final approvals as required
οƒ˜ Plan for follow up Kaizen events
οƒ˜ Celebrate the success of the event
οƒ˜ Communicate the achievements widely
35 April 9, 2016 – v2.0
Kaizen Events – 30 Day Action Plan
οƒ˜ Follow up on the actions identified that could not be completed
within the event
οƒ˜ Ensure the implementation is done and maintained
οƒ˜ Do not allow the actions to drag beyond 30 days
οƒ˜ Identify room for further improvement
οƒ˜ Other Kaizen events
οƒ˜ Lean, Six Sigma, or other projects
Take no action and nothing will happen
(not seeing is not knowing)
36 April 9, 2016 – v2.0
Kaizen Events – Causes of Failure
οƒ˜ Many Kaizen events end up as nothing but a β€œshow” with
limited to no tangible and sustainable results
οƒ˜ Common reasons for failure include:
οƒ˜ Management team has β€˜no time’ to attend event; only wants to
see results
οƒ˜ Management will not accept ideas that do not fit their
preconceived notions
οƒ˜ Conducting the event without sufficient training or preparation
οƒ˜ Interruptions and distractions during the event
οƒ˜ No monitoring after event completion
οƒ˜ …
37 April 9, 2016 – v2.0
Quick Changeover – Quick Changeover or SMED
οƒ˜ Quick Changeover or Single-Minute Exchange of Die (SMED)
provides a rapid and efficient way of setting up or converting a
process from running the current product to running the next product.
οƒ˜ Rapid changeovers are a key to reducing processing lot sizes and
improving flow.
οƒ˜ The phrase "single-minute" does not mean that all changeovers and
setups should take only one minute, but that they should take less
than 10 minutes (in other words, "single-digit minute").
38 April 9, 2016 – v2.0
Quick Changeover – Changeover Examples
οƒ˜ Software Implementation
οƒ˜ Reduce the time between the last successful use of the old software
and the first successful use of the new version
οƒ˜ Maintenance or website downtime
οƒ˜ Hospitals and Hotels
οƒ˜ Change over beds or rooms from one patient to the next
οƒ˜ Changing over the operating room from one surgery to the next
οƒ˜ Airlines
οƒ˜ Changing the plane over for the next flight
οƒ˜ Race Car Pit Crew
οƒ˜ In and out of the pit within less than 3 seconds
39 April 9, 2016 – v2.0
Quick Changeover – Basic Concept
οƒ˜ Changeover or setup activities can be classified using the following three
categories.
 Waste – Activities which do not add value to the changeover or setup
 Internal - Activities that can only be performed while the equipment is shut down
 External - Activities that can be performed without shutting down the equipment
οƒ˜ Key strategies to reduce setup and changeover time are:
 Eliminate the waste activities
 Convert as many internal activities to external activities
οƒ˜ Internal activities can be improved by:
 Use specially designed cart to organize tools
 Use quick-release fasteners instead of bolts and nuts
 Use stoppers to quickly position the jigs.
 Use overhang mechanisms to handle heavy jigs
 Use locating pins and holes to eliminate the adjustment
40 April 9, 2016 – v2.0
Quick Changeover – Sources of Waste
Sources of Waste during a Changeover Process include
οƒ˜ Searching for, finding, lining up, and transporting changeover
tools.
οƒ˜ Waiting for materials, especially for missing items.
οƒ˜ Searching for bolts, nuts and washers.
οƒ˜ Searching for carts or waiting for an available crane.
οƒ˜ Searching for dies, fixtures.
οƒ˜ Finding chutes and searching for their bolts.
οƒ˜ Searching for gauges.
οƒ˜ Searching for inspection or measurement tools.
οƒ˜ Checking technical drawings or manufacturing specifications.
41 April 9, 2016 – v2.0
Quick Changeover – Sources of Waste
οƒ˜ Checking personal notes on gauge values.
οƒ˜ Searching for pallets.
οƒ˜ Searching for product containers.
οƒ˜ Searching for a conveyor or other transporter.
οƒ˜ …
42 April 9, 2016 – v2.0
Quick Changeover – Sources of Waste Pareto
0
10
20
30
40
50
Adjustment Away
From
Machine
Preparation Setup Special
Problems
Percent Total Time
43 April 9, 2016 – v2.0
1. Observe the
Current Methodology
Results
Satisfactory
?
Stop
Yes
No
Quick Changeover – A Step-by-Step Process
2. Separate the
Internal and External
Activities
3. Convert Internal
Activities into
External Activities
4. Streamline the
remaining Internal
Activities
5. Streamline the
External Activities
6. Document the New
Procedure
7. Do it all Again !
44 April 9, 2016 – v2.0
Quick Changeover – A Step-by-Step Process
There are seven basic steps to reducing changeover using the SMED system:
1. OBSERVE the current methodology (A)
2. Separate the INTERNAL and EXTERNAL activities (B).
3. CONVERT (where possible) internal activities into external ones (C) (pre-
heating of tools is a good example of this).
4. STREAMLINE the remaining internal activities, by simplifying them (D). Focus
on fixings – For example, it is only the last turn of a bolt that tightens it - the
rest is just movement (waste).
5. STREAMLINE the external activities, so that they are of a similar scale to the
internal ones (D).
6. DOCUMENT the new procedure, and actions that are yet to be completed.
7. DO IT ALL AGAIN: For each iteration of the above process, a 25-35%
improvement in set-up times should be expected, so it may take several
iterations to cross the ten minute line.
45 April 9, 2016 – v2.0
Quick Changeover – Step 1: Observe Current Process
1. Observe the current Changeover Process
οƒ˜ I find it often very helpful to start a Quick Changeover reduction
initiative by actually videotaping the major activities currently
performed during the changeover process and to review the video
with the improvement team.
οƒ˜ The key outputs of this first step are to document each step of the
changeover process, as well as determine the cycle time of each
step and for the entire changeover process. A simple Excel
spreadsheet will normally be sufficient to document the results of this
and the following steps.
46 April 9, 2016 – v2.0
Advantages of videotaping a Changeover Process prior to the Kaizen
Event includes
Quick Changeover – Video Taping
οƒΌ The process can be reviewed (replayed) over and over
again for study.
οƒΌ The setup person does not have to be disturbed to
explain the steps while the setup is in process.
οƒΌ Operators observing their own actions are more candid
and not defensive.
οƒΌ It is not necessary to record on paper every detail of the
setup. Sections can be reserved for later study.
οƒΌ Time studies have a bad name, the video procedure is
not a time study!
οƒΌ …
47 April 9, 2016 – v2.0
Quick Changeover – Step 2: Separate Activities
2. Separate the Internal and External Activities
οƒ˜ Once the team has a clear understanding of the key activities
involved in a changeover, each step needs to be classified using
one of the following three categories.
οƒ˜ Waste – Activities which do not add value to the changeover
or setup
οƒ˜ Internal - Activities that can only be performed while the
equipment is shut down
οƒ˜ External - Activities that can be performed without shutting
down the equipment
οƒ˜ The results will be documented in the same spreadsheet created in
Step 1.
48 April 9, 2016 – v2.0
EQUIPMENT: DATE: PAGE: OF
PROCESS /PROJECT: PREPARED BY:
OPERATION CLASSIFICATION IMPROVEMENT REVISED TIME
NO. STEP ELEMENT CUMLATIVE INT EXT WASTE IDEA INT EXT COMPL
CURRENT TIME
Quick Changeover – Changeover Reduction Form
49 April 9, 2016 – v2.0
Quick Changeover – Step 3: Convert Activities
3. Convert Internal Activities into External Activities (where
possible)
οƒ˜ During this step, the team identifies internal changeover activities,
means activities that are currently performed while the equipment
is shut down, that can be converted into external activities, means
they can be performed before or after the equipment shutdown.
This can include, organizing all the tools needed for the
changeover or pre-assembling of tools prior to the equipment
shutdown.
50 April 9, 2016 – v2.0
Quick Changeover – Step 4: Internal Activities
4. Streamline and simplify the remaining Internal Activities
οƒ˜ In Step 4 the team focuses on those activities that currently need to
be performed during the equipment shut down, means the internal
activities, and develops solutions to simplify or speed up those
activities.
οƒ˜ Examples include,
οƒ˜ it is only the last turn of a bolt that tightens it - the rest is just
movement (waste)
οƒ˜ usage of quick-release fasteners instead of bolts and nuts
οƒ˜ usage of stoppers to quickly position jigs
οƒ˜ usage of locating pins and holes to eliminate time consuming
adjustments
51 April 9, 2016 – v2.0
Once the setup begins, participants never leave
the area !!!
52 April 9, 2016 – v2.0
50 Ton Press
Raw
Material
Store setup tools at
the site
Have raw material
nearby and handy Mark and arrange tools for
easy identification
Quick Changeover – Organize your Work Area …
53 April 9, 2016 – v2.0
Quick Changeover – Reducing Internal Activity Time
Nuts & Bolts are the enemy … The drawing shows a simple modification made to
the terminal nut by welding oversized wings on it for better torque tightening by
hand - no tools required …
Before
After
54 April 9, 2016 – v2.0
Quick Changeover – Reducing Internal Activity Time
Side guider – take time
to tighten in the screw
Just slot in & tighten
Before After
The machine shown in this slide has two side guides that need to be tightened by eight
screws during each changeover. A project team implementing SMED decided to eliminate
tightening the screws by fixing them in place, and a slot was cut to align the guide quickly
and reduce process time.
55 April 9, 2016 – v2.0
Quick Changeover – Reducing Internal Activity Time
An example of use elimination and method substitution by eliminating the need
for nuts, bolts, wrenches and other hand tools. The use of toggle clamps instead
of using bolts, washers and hand tools to secure tooling in place.
56 April 9, 2016 – v2.0
Quick Changeover – Step 5: External Activities
5. Streamline and simplify the External Activities
οƒ˜ In Step 5 the team focuses now on the external activities, means
activities that can be performed before or after the equipment shut
down, and develops solutions to simplify or speed up those
activities.
οƒ˜ Examples include
οƒ˜ the usage of specially designed cart to organize tools,
οƒ˜ the usage of overhang mechanisms to handle heavy jigs, or
οƒ˜ the training of line operators to perform specific changeover
tasks.
57 April 9, 2016 – v2.0
Quick Changeover – Setup Tool Cart as Kitting Set
Checklist for setup
Special instructions
Measurement jigs,
tools, gauges, set
blocks, etc.
Dies
58 April 9, 2016 – v2.0
Quick Changeover – Organize and Store in Proximity
Slot address labels
Slot
address
Model Slide
value
Part Line #Cover
Block
gauge #
59 April 9, 2016 – v2.0
Quick Changeover – Step 6: Document & Standardize
6. Document and implement the new Changeover Process
οƒ˜ Once a new and improved Changeover Process has been
established, it needs to be properly documented, all employees
involved need to be trained, and a new baseline for the new reduced
total changeover time needs to be established.
60 April 9, 2016 – v2.0
Quick Changeover – Step 7: β€œDo it all again.”
7. β€œDo it all again”
οƒ˜ Based on our experience, it is not uncommon for an organization to
reduce changeover time by 30 – 50% after a successful changeover
reduction project or a series of smaller Kaizen events.
61 April 9, 2016 – v2.0
Identify a changeover or set-up process in your
organization where you think the Quick Changeover
or SMED methodology can be applied. How?
How long is your current changeover or set-up time?
62 April 9, 2016 – v2.0
Keep in Mind …
The only person who likes change is a WET BABY!
63 April 9, 2016 – v2.0
The FIRST STEP is always the HARDEST.
Remember …
64 April 9, 2016 – v2.0
The End …
β€œPerfection is not attainable, but if we chase perfection we can catch
excellence.” - Vince Lombardi
65 April 9, 2016 – v2.0
Terms & Conditions
After you have downloaded the training material to your own
computer, you can change any part of the course material and
remove all logos and references to Operational Excellence
Consulting. You can share the material with your colleagues and
re-use it as you need. The main restriction is that you cannot
distribute, sell, rent or license the material as though it is your
own. These training course materials are for your β€” and
your organization's β€” usage only. Thank you.

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Contemporary Economic Issues Facing the Filipino Entrepreneur (1).pptxContemporary Economic Issues Facing the Filipino Entrepreneur (1).pptx
Contemporary Economic Issues Facing the Filipino Entrepreneur (1).pptx
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Lean Quick Changeover (SMED) Training Module

  • 1. 1 April 9, 2016 – v2.0 Lean Quick Changeover (SMED) Process by Operational Excellence Consulting LLC
  • 2. 2 April 9, 2016 – v2.0 Lean Management – Lean Thinking β€œOne of the most noteworthy accomplishments in keeping the price of Ford products low is the gradual shortening of the production cycle. The longer an article is in the process of manufacture and the more it is moved about, the greater is its ultimate cost.” Henry Ford, 1863 – 1947 β€œAll we are doing is looking at the time line, from the moment the customer gives us an order to the point when we collect the cash. We are reducing the time line by reducing the non-value added activities.” Taiichi Ohno, 1912 – 1990
  • 3. 3 April 9, 2016 – v2.0 Lean Management – A little Bit of History Eli Whitney developed the concept of interchangeable parts around 1799 when he accepted an order from the U.S. Army for the manufacture of 10,000 muskets at the unbelievably low price of $13.40 each. For the next 100 years manufacturers primarily concerned themselves with individual technologies. During this time engineering drawings developed, modern machine tools were perfected and large scale pro- cesses (e.g. the Bessemer process for making steel) held the center of attention. That changed in the late 1890s.
  • 4. 4 April 9, 2016 – v2.0 Lean Management – A little Bit of History In the late 1890s, Frederick W. Taylor began to look at individual workers and work methods. The result was time study and standardized work. He called his ideas Scientific Manage- ment. The concept of applying science to management was sound but Taylor simply ignored the behavioral sciences. Frank Gilbreth added motion study and invented process charting. Process Charting focused attention on all work elements including those non-value added elements which occur between the "official" elements. Lillian Gilbreth brought psychology into the mix by studying the motivations of workers and how attitudes affected the outcome of a process.
  • 5. 5 April 9, 2016 – v2.0 Lean Management – A little Bit of History Starting about 1910, Henry Ford fashioned the first comprehensive Manufacturing Strategy. He took all the elements of a manufacturing system -- people, machines, tooling, and products -- and arranged them in a continuous system for manufac- turing the Model T automobile. Ford is considered by many to be the first practitioner of Just-In-Time (JIT) and Lean Manufacturing. Ford's success inspired many others to copy his methods. But most of those who copied did not understand the fundamentals. Ford assembly lines were often employed for products and processes that were unsuitable for them.
  • 6. 6 April 9, 2016 – v2.0 Lean Management – A little Bit of History After WW II, Japan started to study American production methods with particular attention to Ford practices and the Statistical Quality Control practices of Ishikawa, Edwards Deming, and Joseph Juran. At Toyota Motor Company, Taiichi Ohno and Shigeo Shingo, began to incorporate Ford production and other techniques into an approach called Toyota Production System (TPS) or Just-In-Time (JIT). Toyota also β€œdiscovered” that factory workers had far more to contribute than just muscle power and developed the concept of Quality Circles. All of this took place between about 1949 and 1975.
  • 7. 7 April 9, 2016 – v2.0 Lean Management – A little Bit of History In 1990 James Womack wrote a book called "The Machine That Changed The World". Womack's book was a straight- forward account of the history of automobile manufacturing combined with a comparative study of Japa- nese, American, and European auto- motive assembly plants. What was new was a term - "Lean Manufacturingβ€œ.
  • 8. 8 April 9, 2016 – v2.0 Lean Management – Three Types of Process Activities Non- Value Added Business- Value Added Value- Added Customer is not willing to pay for these activities and they should be eliminated, e.g. rework. Customer are willing to pay the organization for these activities, e.g. assembly or data entry. Customers are not willing to pay for these activities, but the organizations deems these activities as necessary, e.g. preventive maintenance. Many process have less than 20% value- added activities.
  • 9. 9 April 9, 2016 – v2.0 Key Lean Objectives: Reduce Lead Time β†’ Eliminate or Reduce Non-Value-Added Activities Lean Management – Definition of Value Adding Work Three Criteria for Adding Value 1. Customer wants you to do it (or will pay for it) 2. The material / information is being processed or transformed into final products or services 3. It is done right the first time
  • 10. 10 April 9, 2016 – v2.0 Lean Management – How do you spend your time? β€’ Value-Adding (VA) – increases worth of a product or service β€’ Non-Value-Adding but Necessary (NVABN) – required to keep the organization operating, e.g. compliance β€’ Non-Value-Adding (NVA) and Unnecessary – all other tasks not identified above β€’ Lean Management reduces lead time through – Streamlining VA work – Minimizing NVABN work – Eliminating NVA work
  • 11. 11 April 9, 2016 – v2.0 Lean Management – The 7 Wastes The seven wastes originated in Japan, where waste is known as β€œmuda.β€œ The elimination of non-value adding activities or waste is one of the most effective ways to improve customer satisfaction and increase the profitability of any business. Inventory Over-Processing Waiting Transportation Defects Motion Over-Production The 7 Wastes
  • 12. 12 April 9, 2016 – v2.0 The 7 Wastes – Transportation Transportation Definition: Any material or information movement, mainly between processing steps, that does not directly support the creation of the product or service. Causes: Improper Facility Layout – Excessive Handoffs – Large Lot Processing – Large Lot Purchasing – Poor Workplace Organization – Large Buffers & Storage Locations – Offsite Storage Locations – Poor Scheduling – …
  • 13. 13 April 9, 2016 – v2.0 The 7 Wastes – Inventory Inventory Definition: Any supply, i.e. raw material, work-in-process or finished good, in excess of processing requirements necessary to produce the product or service in a just-in-time manner. Causes: Inaccurate Forecasting Systems – Incapable Processes – Incapable Suppliers – Long Replenishment Lead Times – Local Optimization – Long Changeover Times – Poor Inventory Tracking – Poor Management of Work- in-Process – Unbalanced Processing Steps – …
  • 14. 14 April 9, 2016 – v2.0 The 7 Wastes – Motion Motion Definition: Any movement, incl. searching, of people which does not contribute added value to the product or service. Causes: Ineffective Equipment, Office or Plant Layout – Lack of Visual Controls – Poor Workplace Organization – Lack of Standard Work – Poor IT System Design – Poor Process Documentation – Poor Storage Solutions – Unclear & Incomplete Instructions – …
  • 15. 15 April 9, 2016 – v2.0 The 7 Wastes – Waiting Waiting Definition: Idle time that occurs when codependent processing steps or activities are not fully synchronized. Causes: Inconsistent Work Methods – Lack of Proper Equipment & Materials – Long Setup Times – Low Man & Machine Effectiveness – Poor Equipment Maintenance – Skills Monopolies – Unnecessary Handovers – Production Bottlenecks – Unnecessary Approvals – …
  • 16. 16 April 9, 2016 – v2.0 The 7 Wastes – Over-Production Over-Production Definition: Producing more than is needed, faster than needed and before it is needed. Causes: Incapable Processes – Poor Planning & Scheduling – Low Uptime – Lengthy Setup Times – Local Optimization – Cost Accounting Practices – Lack of Communication – Unnecessary Reports – Duplicative Data Entry – …
  • 17. 17 April 9, 2016 – v2.0 The 7 Wastes – Over-Processing Over-Processing Definition: Excessive or redundant effort of production and communication which adds no value to the final product or service. Causes: Decision Making at Inappropriate levels – Unclear Roles & Responsibilities – Too many Handoffs – Inefficient Policies & Procedures – Poor Configuration Controls – Spurious Quality Standards – Lack of Customer Input – Unclear Customer Requirements – Unproductive Meetings – Expediting – Firefighting – Changing Priorities – …
  • 18. 18 April 9, 2016 – v2.0 The 7 Wastes – Defects Defects Definition: Repair or rework of a product or service to fulfill customer requirements, as well as scrap waste resulting from materials deemed to be un-repairable or un-reworkable. Causes: Excessive Process Variation – High Inventory Levels – Incapable Processes – Inadequate Tools & Equipment – Insufficient Training – Insufficient Mistake Proofing – Unnecessary Handing – Unclear & Incomplete Customer Requirements – …
  • 19. 19 April 9, 2016 – v2.0 The 7 Wastes – Summary In the latest edition of the Lean Manufacturing classic Lean Thinking, Underutilization of Employees has been added as an eighth waste. Organizations employ their staff for their nimble fingers and strong muscles but forget they come to work everyday with a free brain. It is only by capitalizing on employees' creativity that organizations can eliminate the other seven wastes and continuously improve their performance. Many changes over recent years have driven organizations to become world class organizations or Lean Enterprises. The first step in achieving that goal is to identify and attack the seven wastes. As Toyota and other world-class organizations have come to realize, Customers will pay for value added work, but never for waste.
  • 20. 20 April 9, 2016 – v2.0 Lean Management – The Five Lean Principles Define Value - Specify value from the Customer perspective. Map Value Stream - Identify the value stream for each product or service and challenge all of the non-value adding steps (wastes) currently necessary to create and deliver this product or service. Add nothing than value. Create Flow - Make the product or service creation and delivery process flow through the remaining value-added steps. Establish Pull – Introduce pull between all process steps where continuous flow is possible. Pursuit Perfection – Manage toward perfection so that the number of steps and the amount of time and information needed to create and deliver this product or service.
  • 21. 21 April 9, 2016 – v2.0 Lean Management – Kaizen Events Process Changeover Reduction or SMED Activities are best implemented using Lean Kaizen Events.
  • 22. 22 April 9, 2016 – v2.0 Lean Management – Kaizen Events οƒ˜ Kaizen – Continuous, incremental improvements – Should not take longer than 3 – 5 days, excluding preparation – Example: Reduce equipment set-up time, improve order management process, reduce motion waste in specific work area, implement 5S Visual Workplace Organization in specific work area, … – Also called β€œPoint Kaizen” and β€œProcess Kaizen” Kai β†’ β€œto take apart and put back together” Zen β†’ β€œto think about it” β€œKaizen is the opposite of complacency.” John A. Young, CEO of Hewlett Packard
  • 23. 23 April 9, 2016 – v2.0 Kaizen Events – Preparation Phase οƒΌ Define the strategic or operational purpose, objectives and deliverables οƒΌ Formulate event drivers, e.g. current state issues and challenges οƒΌ Establish metrics and obtain current baseline data οƒΌ Ensure the Sponsor’s commitment & engagement οƒΌ Have sponsor kick off the event and set expectations οƒΌ Keep the sponsor informed and engaged throughout the event οƒΌ Sponsor approve the team’s recommendations οƒΌ Assists in implementing solutions and any follow-up actions οƒΌ Leads celebration of successful event οƒΌ Develop project description & define event scope (physical boundaries) οƒΌ Identify and address potential obstacles and risks οƒΌ …
  • 24. 24 April 9, 2016 – v2.0 β€’ Project Charter β€’ Business Impact β€’ Current Challenges β€’ Current Standard Procedures β€’ Tools & Techniques Team Briefing on: Phase 1 Kaizen Events – Day 1 or Phase 1
  • 25. 25 April 9, 2016 – v2.0 Phase 1: General Training & Lean Thinking οƒ˜ All participants need a basic foundation of Lean training οƒ˜ Team members need a common language οƒ˜ This training is often completed prior to the event οƒ˜ Minimum awareness required for all team members: οƒ˜ Lean Thinking and basic concepts οƒ˜ What is waste οƒ˜ 5S mentality οƒ˜ Event ground rules οƒ˜ This will become less necessary over time, but a brief review is advisable even for experienced teams
  • 26. 26 April 9, 2016 – v2.0 Phase 1: Specific Training & Data Review οƒ˜ Review event scope and goals / Charter οƒ˜ Explain the tools and methods to be used in the event οƒ˜ Event / project specific training as required οƒ˜ Review any data or tools already available οƒ˜ Previous Kaizen event or Six Sigma project findings οƒ˜ 5S work that has been done in the area οƒ˜ VSM and Cycle Time data οƒ˜ Constraint and TAKT / resource data οƒ˜ Anything else relevant…
  • 27. 27 April 9, 2016 – v2.0 Team Briefing on: Project-Specific Training ● Measure & Analyze Current Work Process ● Identify Current Process Weakness and Quick Wins ● Formulate Improvement Plans Phase 2Phase 1 β€’ Project Charter β€’ Business Impact β€’ Current Challenges β€’ Current Standard Procedures β€’ Tools & Techniques Kaizen Events – Day 2 or Phase 2
  • 28. 28 April 9, 2016 – v2.0 Phase 2: Analyze Current Process οƒ˜ Measure and analyze the current process work οƒ˜ Capture the current process οƒ˜ Analyze the process for Non-Value Added tasks οƒ˜ Formulate process improvements οƒ˜ Brainstorm the opportunities οƒ˜ Identify potential solutions οƒ˜ Determine which idea(s) will be tried first Any of the tools of Lean and Six Sigma can be used to accomplish these objectives within a Kaizen event
  • 29. 29 April 9, 2016 – v2.0 Team Briefing on: Project-Specific Training ● Measure & Analyze Current Work Process ● Identify Current Process Weakness and Quick Wins ● Formulate Improvement Plans Simulate & Finalize Improvements ● Implement Improvements ● Evaluate Improvements β€’ Project Charter β€’ Business Impact β€’ Current Challenges β€’ Current Standard Procedures β€’ Tools & Techniques Kaizen Events – Day 3 or Phase 3 Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3
  • 30. 30 April 9, 2016 – v2.0 Phase 3: Simulate & Finalize Improvements οƒ˜ Try out the best ideas from Phase 2 οƒ˜ Ideally done within the actual process environment οƒ˜ If not possible, use simulations or test areas οƒ˜ Fine tune the improvements οƒ˜ Keep looking for better ways οƒ˜ Attack whatever waste you can find οƒ˜ Finalize the data and metrics to evaluate the change
  • 31. 31 April 9, 2016 – v2.0 Team Briefing on: Project-Specific Training ● Measure & Analyze Current Work Process ● Identify Current Process Weakness and Quick Wins ● Formulate Improvement Plans Establish New Standard Process ● Operate Using New Standard Process ● Finalize New Standard Process ● Establish Process Controls Simulate & Finalize Improvements ● Implement Improvements ● Evaluate Improvements Phase 4Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 β€’ Project Charter β€’ Business Impact β€’ Current Challenges β€’ Current Standard Procedures β€’ Tools & Techniques Kaizen Events – Day 4 or Phase 4
  • 32. 32 April 9, 2016 – v2.0 Phase 4: Improvement Evaluation οƒ˜ Evaluate the improvements made (based on data!) οƒ˜ Team agrees that changes are final (for this event) οƒ˜ Ensure all 5S elements have been addressed οƒ˜ Document the new procedures οƒ˜ Write or modify standard procedures οƒ˜ Include visual work instructions wherever possible οƒ˜ Test the new procedures under real world conditions οƒ˜ Finalize and define training plans as required οƒ˜ Include ongoing maintenance and Control Plans
  • 33. 33 April 9, 2016 – v2.0 Team Briefing on: Project-Specific Training ● Measure & Analyze Current Work Process ● Identify Current Process Weakness and Quick Wins ● Formulate Improvement Plans Establish New Standard Process ● Operate Using New Standard Process ● Finalize New Standard Process ● Establish Process Controls Simulate & Finalize Improvements ● Implement Improvements ● Evaluate Improvements β€’ Project Charter β€’ Business Impact β€’ Current Challenges β€’ Current Standard Procedures β€’ Tools & Techniques Kaizen Events – Day 5 or Phase 5 Present Results ● Agree on Next Steps ● Celebrate! Phase 5Phase 4Phase 2 Phase 3Phase 1
  • 34. 34 April 9, 2016 – v2.0 Phase 5: Report Out & Celebration οƒ˜ Confirm that the event has met its objectives οƒ˜ Present results and action plans to Leadership οƒ˜ Obtain final approvals as required οƒ˜ Plan for follow up Kaizen events οƒ˜ Celebrate the success of the event οƒ˜ Communicate the achievements widely
  • 35. 35 April 9, 2016 – v2.0 Kaizen Events – 30 Day Action Plan οƒ˜ Follow up on the actions identified that could not be completed within the event οƒ˜ Ensure the implementation is done and maintained οƒ˜ Do not allow the actions to drag beyond 30 days οƒ˜ Identify room for further improvement οƒ˜ Other Kaizen events οƒ˜ Lean, Six Sigma, or other projects Take no action and nothing will happen (not seeing is not knowing)
  • 36. 36 April 9, 2016 – v2.0 Kaizen Events – Causes of Failure οƒ˜ Many Kaizen events end up as nothing but a β€œshow” with limited to no tangible and sustainable results οƒ˜ Common reasons for failure include: οƒ˜ Management team has β€˜no time’ to attend event; only wants to see results οƒ˜ Management will not accept ideas that do not fit their preconceived notions οƒ˜ Conducting the event without sufficient training or preparation οƒ˜ Interruptions and distractions during the event οƒ˜ No monitoring after event completion οƒ˜ …
  • 37. 37 April 9, 2016 – v2.0 Quick Changeover – Quick Changeover or SMED οƒ˜ Quick Changeover or Single-Minute Exchange of Die (SMED) provides a rapid and efficient way of setting up or converting a process from running the current product to running the next product. οƒ˜ Rapid changeovers are a key to reducing processing lot sizes and improving flow. οƒ˜ The phrase "single-minute" does not mean that all changeovers and setups should take only one minute, but that they should take less than 10 minutes (in other words, "single-digit minute").
  • 38. 38 April 9, 2016 – v2.0 Quick Changeover – Changeover Examples οƒ˜ Software Implementation οƒ˜ Reduce the time between the last successful use of the old software and the first successful use of the new version οƒ˜ Maintenance or website downtime οƒ˜ Hospitals and Hotels οƒ˜ Change over beds or rooms from one patient to the next οƒ˜ Changing over the operating room from one surgery to the next οƒ˜ Airlines οƒ˜ Changing the plane over for the next flight οƒ˜ Race Car Pit Crew οƒ˜ In and out of the pit within less than 3 seconds
  • 39. 39 April 9, 2016 – v2.0 Quick Changeover – Basic Concept οƒ˜ Changeover or setup activities can be classified using the following three categories.  Waste – Activities which do not add value to the changeover or setup  Internal - Activities that can only be performed while the equipment is shut down  External - Activities that can be performed without shutting down the equipment οƒ˜ Key strategies to reduce setup and changeover time are:  Eliminate the waste activities  Convert as many internal activities to external activities οƒ˜ Internal activities can be improved by:  Use specially designed cart to organize tools  Use quick-release fasteners instead of bolts and nuts  Use stoppers to quickly position the jigs.  Use overhang mechanisms to handle heavy jigs  Use locating pins and holes to eliminate the adjustment
  • 40. 40 April 9, 2016 – v2.0 Quick Changeover – Sources of Waste Sources of Waste during a Changeover Process include οƒ˜ Searching for, finding, lining up, and transporting changeover tools. οƒ˜ Waiting for materials, especially for missing items. οƒ˜ Searching for bolts, nuts and washers. οƒ˜ Searching for carts or waiting for an available crane. οƒ˜ Searching for dies, fixtures. οƒ˜ Finding chutes and searching for their bolts. οƒ˜ Searching for gauges. οƒ˜ Searching for inspection or measurement tools. οƒ˜ Checking technical drawings or manufacturing specifications.
  • 41. 41 April 9, 2016 – v2.0 Quick Changeover – Sources of Waste οƒ˜ Checking personal notes on gauge values. οƒ˜ Searching for pallets. οƒ˜ Searching for product containers. οƒ˜ Searching for a conveyor or other transporter. οƒ˜ …
  • 42. 42 April 9, 2016 – v2.0 Quick Changeover – Sources of Waste Pareto 0 10 20 30 40 50 Adjustment Away From Machine Preparation Setup Special Problems Percent Total Time
  • 43. 43 April 9, 2016 – v2.0 1. Observe the Current Methodology Results Satisfactory ? Stop Yes No Quick Changeover – A Step-by-Step Process 2. Separate the Internal and External Activities 3. Convert Internal Activities into External Activities 4. Streamline the remaining Internal Activities 5. Streamline the External Activities 6. Document the New Procedure 7. Do it all Again !
  • 44. 44 April 9, 2016 – v2.0 Quick Changeover – A Step-by-Step Process There are seven basic steps to reducing changeover using the SMED system: 1. OBSERVE the current methodology (A) 2. Separate the INTERNAL and EXTERNAL activities (B). 3. CONVERT (where possible) internal activities into external ones (C) (pre- heating of tools is a good example of this). 4. STREAMLINE the remaining internal activities, by simplifying them (D). Focus on fixings – For example, it is only the last turn of a bolt that tightens it - the rest is just movement (waste). 5. STREAMLINE the external activities, so that they are of a similar scale to the internal ones (D). 6. DOCUMENT the new procedure, and actions that are yet to be completed. 7. DO IT ALL AGAIN: For each iteration of the above process, a 25-35% improvement in set-up times should be expected, so it may take several iterations to cross the ten minute line.
  • 45. 45 April 9, 2016 – v2.0 Quick Changeover – Step 1: Observe Current Process 1. Observe the current Changeover Process οƒ˜ I find it often very helpful to start a Quick Changeover reduction initiative by actually videotaping the major activities currently performed during the changeover process and to review the video with the improvement team. οƒ˜ The key outputs of this first step are to document each step of the changeover process, as well as determine the cycle time of each step and for the entire changeover process. A simple Excel spreadsheet will normally be sufficient to document the results of this and the following steps.
  • 46. 46 April 9, 2016 – v2.0 Advantages of videotaping a Changeover Process prior to the Kaizen Event includes Quick Changeover – Video Taping οƒΌ The process can be reviewed (replayed) over and over again for study. οƒΌ The setup person does not have to be disturbed to explain the steps while the setup is in process. οƒΌ Operators observing their own actions are more candid and not defensive. οƒΌ It is not necessary to record on paper every detail of the setup. Sections can be reserved for later study. οƒΌ Time studies have a bad name, the video procedure is not a time study! οƒΌ …
  • 47. 47 April 9, 2016 – v2.0 Quick Changeover – Step 2: Separate Activities 2. Separate the Internal and External Activities οƒ˜ Once the team has a clear understanding of the key activities involved in a changeover, each step needs to be classified using one of the following three categories. οƒ˜ Waste – Activities which do not add value to the changeover or setup οƒ˜ Internal - Activities that can only be performed while the equipment is shut down οƒ˜ External - Activities that can be performed without shutting down the equipment οƒ˜ The results will be documented in the same spreadsheet created in Step 1.
  • 48. 48 April 9, 2016 – v2.0 EQUIPMENT: DATE: PAGE: OF PROCESS /PROJECT: PREPARED BY: OPERATION CLASSIFICATION IMPROVEMENT REVISED TIME NO. STEP ELEMENT CUMLATIVE INT EXT WASTE IDEA INT EXT COMPL CURRENT TIME Quick Changeover – Changeover Reduction Form
  • 49. 49 April 9, 2016 – v2.0 Quick Changeover – Step 3: Convert Activities 3. Convert Internal Activities into External Activities (where possible) οƒ˜ During this step, the team identifies internal changeover activities, means activities that are currently performed while the equipment is shut down, that can be converted into external activities, means they can be performed before or after the equipment shutdown. This can include, organizing all the tools needed for the changeover or pre-assembling of tools prior to the equipment shutdown.
  • 50. 50 April 9, 2016 – v2.0 Quick Changeover – Step 4: Internal Activities 4. Streamline and simplify the remaining Internal Activities οƒ˜ In Step 4 the team focuses on those activities that currently need to be performed during the equipment shut down, means the internal activities, and develops solutions to simplify or speed up those activities. οƒ˜ Examples include, οƒ˜ it is only the last turn of a bolt that tightens it - the rest is just movement (waste) οƒ˜ usage of quick-release fasteners instead of bolts and nuts οƒ˜ usage of stoppers to quickly position jigs οƒ˜ usage of locating pins and holes to eliminate time consuming adjustments
  • 51. 51 April 9, 2016 – v2.0 Once the setup begins, participants never leave the area !!!
  • 52. 52 April 9, 2016 – v2.0 50 Ton Press Raw Material Store setup tools at the site Have raw material nearby and handy Mark and arrange tools for easy identification Quick Changeover – Organize your Work Area …
  • 53. 53 April 9, 2016 – v2.0 Quick Changeover – Reducing Internal Activity Time Nuts & Bolts are the enemy … The drawing shows a simple modification made to the terminal nut by welding oversized wings on it for better torque tightening by hand - no tools required … Before After
  • 54. 54 April 9, 2016 – v2.0 Quick Changeover – Reducing Internal Activity Time Side guider – take time to tighten in the screw Just slot in & tighten Before After The machine shown in this slide has two side guides that need to be tightened by eight screws during each changeover. A project team implementing SMED decided to eliminate tightening the screws by fixing them in place, and a slot was cut to align the guide quickly and reduce process time.
  • 55. 55 April 9, 2016 – v2.0 Quick Changeover – Reducing Internal Activity Time An example of use elimination and method substitution by eliminating the need for nuts, bolts, wrenches and other hand tools. The use of toggle clamps instead of using bolts, washers and hand tools to secure tooling in place.
  • 56. 56 April 9, 2016 – v2.0 Quick Changeover – Step 5: External Activities 5. Streamline and simplify the External Activities οƒ˜ In Step 5 the team focuses now on the external activities, means activities that can be performed before or after the equipment shut down, and develops solutions to simplify or speed up those activities. οƒ˜ Examples include οƒ˜ the usage of specially designed cart to organize tools, οƒ˜ the usage of overhang mechanisms to handle heavy jigs, or οƒ˜ the training of line operators to perform specific changeover tasks.
  • 57. 57 April 9, 2016 – v2.0 Quick Changeover – Setup Tool Cart as Kitting Set Checklist for setup Special instructions Measurement jigs, tools, gauges, set blocks, etc. Dies
  • 58. 58 April 9, 2016 – v2.0 Quick Changeover – Organize and Store in Proximity Slot address labels Slot address Model Slide value Part Line #Cover Block gauge #
  • 59. 59 April 9, 2016 – v2.0 Quick Changeover – Step 6: Document & Standardize 6. Document and implement the new Changeover Process οƒ˜ Once a new and improved Changeover Process has been established, it needs to be properly documented, all employees involved need to be trained, and a new baseline for the new reduced total changeover time needs to be established.
  • 60. 60 April 9, 2016 – v2.0 Quick Changeover – Step 7: β€œDo it all again.” 7. β€œDo it all again” οƒ˜ Based on our experience, it is not uncommon for an organization to reduce changeover time by 30 – 50% after a successful changeover reduction project or a series of smaller Kaizen events.
  • 61. 61 April 9, 2016 – v2.0 Identify a changeover or set-up process in your organization where you think the Quick Changeover or SMED methodology can be applied. How? How long is your current changeover or set-up time?
  • 62. 62 April 9, 2016 – v2.0 Keep in Mind … The only person who likes change is a WET BABY!
  • 63. 63 April 9, 2016 – v2.0 The FIRST STEP is always the HARDEST. Remember …
  • 64. 64 April 9, 2016 – v2.0 The End … β€œPerfection is not attainable, but if we chase perfection we can catch excellence.” - Vince Lombardi
  • 65. 65 April 9, 2016 – v2.0 Terms & Conditions After you have downloaded the training material to your own computer, you can change any part of the course material and remove all logos and references to Operational Excellence Consulting. You can share the material with your colleagues and re-use it as you need. The main restriction is that you cannot distribute, sell, rent or license the material as though it is your own. These training course materials are for your β€” and your organization's β€” usage only. Thank you.