An easy to remember and brief comparision of different kind of blood cancers. Considering most important points.

1. Lymphoid Leukemias
LABS &
Immuno-
Clinical Features
Histology: Blood histochemistry Flow Cytometry
Disease Age Cytogenetics Prognosis
Smear
BMA/ LNB
General Specific General Specific General Specific
Large cells,
heterogeneous Hyperploidy
Acute chromatin, B Splenomegaly Good
Childre MPO-ve
Lymphoblasti irregular nuclear Typical t(9,22)
shape, and large n>
c Leukemia Philadelphia
nucleolus. T adults TdT+ve
Precursor (ALL) Mediastinal mass Bad
chr.
B&T cell
Neoplasms Medium-sized
cells ,fine
Lymphadeno-
chromatin nuclei pathy & Anemia, TdT +ve
Lymphoblastic Young Typical Translocations Depends
Lymphoma
are round & T adults
mediastinal mass, Elevated
at a & d T-cell on
nucleoli are Fever, dyspnea, may compress LDH
inconspicuous. Neutropenia, receptor Staging
fatigue, SVC. CD-10< T-
palpitations, cells &
Thromboc- 50% of cases
Often ytopenia Spherocytes CD-10> B- have deletions Mostly
Chronic COMPLICATIONS
asymptomatic (CLL) cells of 13q benign
Lymphocytic Bleeding, Lymphocyto Also
Elderly recurrent (CLL) Some with
Leukemia Large atypical, sis > 3 CD-5
> 60 infections Hepatosplenome months deletions in Bad
cleaved cells are +ve ,
seen on the smear years galy. (CLL) (CLL) 17p , 11q
Peripheral sIg
Small Lymphadenopat Smudge
B-cell
Lymphocytic hy (both) cells. -- Staging
neoplasm
Lymphoma
Dry Tap , BMB
Marked
reveals Fried-egg cyclin
Splenomegaly
Hairy Cell app. ,Hair-like Middle- D1 Deletions of
Ass. With + TRAP protein,
Benign
Leukemia cytoplasmic Aged 5q
autoimmune dis sIg
projections of cell
and atypical Inf.
surface.

2. MYELOID Leukemias
LABS &
Disease Immuno-
Histology: Risk Clinical Features
Of Type Age histochemistry Flow cytometry Cytogenetics Prognosis
BMA Factors
BoneMarrow
General Specific General Specific
M3 or
(Acute Alkylating Fever, dyspnea, MPO or
Anemia, t(15;17) Good
promyelocytic agents, fatigue,
May develop DIC Sudan
leukemia) is palpitations
Acute MC type. and cells may Neutropenia, Black +ve
MDS, Auer-rods
Myelogenous Have numerous infiltrate tissues ,
intra-cytoplasmic
COMPLICATIONS on CD-33 +ve Normal gene Bad
Leukemia Any Age graulocytic Thromboc-
granules , Poly.Vera, Bleeding, peripheral
(AML) Group, sarcoma, ytopenia
Called Auer-rods, Recurrent blood smear
Myeloid MC gingivitis
& >50% blasts on Aplastic infections
Neoplasms BMA
elderly Anemia Elevated PT -5, -7 worse
Hypercellular bone Anemia
Chronic with all cell lines fever, weight loss Depends
increased in no. due t(9;22)
Myelogenous ionizing Massive Variable Decreased on
to clonal expansion ----- Philadelphia
Leukemia of pluripotent stem radiation COMPLICATION splenomegaly platelets LAP Sokal
chr.
(CML) cells Bleeding, score
Leukocytosis

3. Non Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL): Lymphomas are tumors originating in the Lymph nodes
Peripheral T-cell
Peripheral B-cell neoplasm
Neoplasm
Diffuse Large Small non-
B-cell Lymphoma Small cleaved cell Cut. T-cell
cleaved
Follicular Lymphoma Marginal Zone Lymphoplasmacytic Lymphoma
Disease Lymphoma
Lymphoma Immuno- (Mantle cell Lymphoma Lymphoma Mycosis Fungiodes
Body- (Burkitt
deficiency Lymphoma) (MC)
cavity Lymphoma)
associated
Age Median Age 6th decade , Young adults ( Burkitt)
High grade Malignant CD4 T-
Histology: Well differentiated Malignant B-cells, B-cell neoplasm
High-grade Large B-cell Intermediate B- cell with nuclei that
Bone Marrow asp. B-cell neoplasm arising from the arise from Small B-lymphocytes showing
neoplasm with diffuse cell Neoplasm are hyperchromatic
/Lymph Node asp. or with follicular mantle zone of Lymphatic tissue plasmacytic differentiation
growth pattern with starry sky and convoluted or
involved site pattern of growth Lymph nodes of GIT
app. cerebriform.
Peripheral adenopathy (except MALT) , Fever, night sweats, weight loss and weakness , Extra-nodal involvement in High grade lymphomas
Anorexia,
Abdominal Constipation, Generalized pruritic
Clinical Presentations tenderness and Generalized lymph- tarry stools, erythematous Rash
Infiltration of LN spleen
Disseminated LN abdominal mass adenopathy dyspnea (SS) , Pautrier
EBV HHV-8 (hepatosplenomegaly) and
spread (HIV) & Massive Ass. With as microabscess, May
bonemarrow (HCV)
Mandibular or Spleomegaly Sjogren dis. or H. be associated with
maxillary mass pylori gastritis HTLV-1
(EBV)
neutropenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia, Elevated LDH, Hyperuricemia Lymphocytosis (low-grade)
LABS IgM spike , Elevated ESR, Peripheral CBC
Typical Typical Typical + Lymphocytosis Typical Rouleaux formation , BJ reveal CD4 T-cells
proteins in urine AKA Sezary Cells
Cytogenetics
t(14;18) Random t(8;14) t(11;14) t(11;18) Deletions of 6q -----
Typical : CD-10< T-cells, CD-10 > B-cells and sIg
Flow cytometry Typical
Typical Typical CD 5 also CD 20 mostly Typical Typical
Complications
Spinal cord compression , Superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome , Infection, Bleeding , GI obstruction, perforation (MALT) , visual problems (LL)
Prognosis Depends on Staging