2. 6 year school going boy presented with Chronic
diarrhea for 6 months associated with abdominal pain,
Progressive weight loss and reduced appetite.
• Continuous, 4-5x a day , with
bleeding and mucusDiarrhea
•Diffuse , Dull aching
Abdominal
pain
3. Past Medical History
Anal fistulas since 2 years- taking medical therpay
1-1.5 years diarrhea on/off
Took antibiotics multiple times but no effective
improvement
Family History
One Sister have psoriasis
Developmental
History
Normal development ,4th
grader
Vaccination History
Completed
Nutritional History
Eats healthy normal diet,
but reduced appetite since
1-1.5 years
5. Physical examination
CVS
Normal Heart
examination
CNS
No CNS Examination
CHEST
Normal Chest
examination
ENT
Normal ENT examination
ABDOMEN
Diffuse tenderness, no distention, no masses
palpable, no organomegaly, bowel sounds
present. Anal fistulas and fissures are present
6. Initial Investigations
LABS Results
WBC 11 x 10^3 U/L
mainly neutrophils
HgB 10 g /dl ( LOW)
MCV 70 fl ( LOW)
RDW 16% ( Increased)
PLT 500 x 10^3 U/L
PT and PTT normal
LFT normal
CRP Raised
ESR Raised
7. Mucus: present
RBCs: 10-20 /HPF
Pus cells: Numerous
OVA and Parasites: not seen
Rota and adeno virus : negative
Stool for reducing substances: negative
Culture: Normal
C. Diff toxin : normal
Fecal Calprotectin and Lactoferrin: Raised
Stool Routine and culture
8. • No blood in stool
• Positive for Anti-gliadin antibody IgACeliac disease
• ova and parasites seen in series of stool examinations
• No blood in stool
Giardiasis
• History of exposureG.I. T.B.
• Reducing substances should be positive in stool
• Hydrogen Breath test: positive
Lactose
Intolerance
• Recurrent URTI and LRTI
• Sweat chloride should be positive
Cystic Fibrosis
Differential diagnosis
21. Steatorrhea
Renal Stones
Growth Retardation
Sclerosing Cholangitis
Colon Cancer
Complications
• Crohn’s disease = Biliary system or Ileum
• Ulcerative Colitis = Biliary system
• Excessive Oxalate absorption
• Reduced appetite and/or decreased
absorption
• Fibrosis of intra and extra hepatic bile ducts
• Long term inflammation and damage, >10
years
33. Surgical Management
Indication
• Perforation
• Strictures
• Fistulas
• Perianal abscess
• Intractable Bleeding
• TOXIC MEGACOLON
Complications
• Recurrence of strictures at
site of surgery.
• Leak at site of anastomosis
Both can be considered different variants of the same problem.
Both are equally common among children , CD> UC
Crohn’s Disease: Anywhere from Mouth to anus
Ulcerative Colitis: involves the rectum and colon
Cause: According to Nelson the Cause is disproportionate response of environmental factors in genetically susceptible individuals.
Age group: 10- 20 years most common, in pediatric population cases come between 6-10 years, < 1% below 1 year.
Risk factors: FH: one member: 7-30% , both parents : > 35% , Turner , hermansky – pudalk syndrome , Glycogen storage disease
Poor associations: Living in industrialized nation, on western diet, early and frequent antibiotic usage, decreased exposure to microbes.
Protective factors: Cigarette smoking in Ulcerative colitis
Presenting Symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, bleeding and weight loss are common to both variants of IBD, although bleeding as a symptom is more common in UC but still its part of CD presentation as well.
It is uncommon to see Extraintestinal Manifestations as presenting signs and symptoms, and is something that may develop overtime
Management : surgery and antibiotics for perianal abscess
Surgery: stricturoplasty
Management : sugery
Modulen Milk : anti-inflammatory properties, Atleast 2 week , PO or NG , only with water, no other diet necessary ; advantage over normal diet is , it doesn’t induces early satiety, less likely to induce abdominal pain, diarrhea
5-ASA= Penatasa, asacol, rowasa
TMPT test: positive we start therapy if negative we dont
Methotrexate: folic acid
Biological agent: adalimumab, vedolizumab,
Relapse: unknown , even after good treatment.? NSAID ? Enteric infeections such as clostridium difficile
Retarded height and osteopenia: vit d deficiency, reduced appetite, malabsorption , steroid usage
Drug side effects : due to usage of immunomodulators such as AZA, 6-MP, methotrexate results in myelotoxicity hepatitis, pancreatitis then effects of steroids.
Colon cancer: after 8-10 years of condition need colonoscopy after every 1-2 years , may need colectomy if severe dysplasia