abdominal aorta branchees

1. ANATOMY OF ABDOMINAL AORTA
Dr Fahad Shafi
PG 1ST YEAR
Deptt of radiodiagnosis & imaging

2. ABDOMINAL AORTA
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 The abdominal aorta begins at the aortic hiatus of the
diaphragm, anterior to the lower border of vertebra TXII.
 It descends through the abdomen, anterior to the
vertebral bodies, and by the time it ends at the level of
vertebra LIV it is slightly to the left of midline.
 The terminal branches of the abdominal aorta are the
two common iliac arteries.

3. Anterior branches of the
abdominal aorta3
 The abdominal aorta has anterior, lateral,
and posterior branches as it passes
through the abdominal cavity.

4. 4
 The three anterior branches supply the
gastrointestinal viscera:
the celiac trunk
 the superior mesenteric and
the inferior mesenteric
arteries.

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7. The primitive gut tube can be
divided into :7
A. foregut,
B. midgut, and
C. hindgut regions.
 The boundaries of these regions are
directly related to the areas of distribution of
the three anterior branches of the
abdominal aorta.

8. Divisions of the
gastrointestinal
tract into foregut,
midgut, and
hindgut,
summarizing the
primary arterial
supply to each
segment.
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9. The foregut
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 The foregut begins with the abdominal
esophagus and ends just inferior to the
major duodenal papilla, midway along
the descending part of the duodenum.
 It includes the abdominal esophagus,
stomach, duodenum (superior to the
major papilla), liver, pancreas, and
gallbladder.
 The spleen also develops in relation to
the foregut region. The foregut is
supplied by the celiac trunk.

10. Divisions of the
gastrointestinal
tract into foregut,
midgut, and
hindgut,
summarizing the
primary arterial
supply to each
segment.
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11. The midgut
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 The midgut begins just inferior to the
major duodenal papilla, in the descending
part of the duodenum, and ends at the
junction between the proximal two-thirds
and distal one-third of the transverse
colon.
 It includes the duodenum (inferior to the
major duodenal papilla), jejunum, ileum,
cecum, appendix, ascending colon, and
the right two-thirds of the transverse colon.
 The midgut is supplied by the superior
mesenteric artery.

12. Divisions of the
gastrointestinal
tract into foregut,
midgut, and
hindgut,
summarizing the
primary arterial
supply to each
segment.
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13. The hindgut
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 The hindgut begins just before the left colic
flexure (the junction between the proximal two-
thirds and distal one-third of the transverse
colon) and ends midway through the anal
canal.
 It includes the left one-third of the transverse
colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon,
rectum, and upper part of the anal canal.
 The hindgut is supplied by the inferior
mesenteric artery

14. Divisions of the
gastrointestinal
tract into foregut,
midgut, and
hindgut,
summarizing the
primary arterial
supply to each
segment.
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15. Celiac trunk15
 The celiac trunk is the anterior branch of the
abdominal aorta supplying the foregut.
 It arises from the abdominal aorta
immediately below the aortic hiatus of the
diaphragm, anterior to the upper part of
vertebra LI.
 It immediately divides into the:
A. left gastric,
B. splenic, and
C. common hepatic arteries.

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18. A. Left gastric artery
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 The left gastric artery is the smallest branch of the
celiac trunk.
 The left gastric artery itself turns to the right and
ascends along the lesser curvature of the stomach
in the lesser omentum.
 It supplies both surfaces of the stomach in this area
and anastomoses with the right gastric artery
 It ascends to the cardioesophageal junction and
sends esophageal branches upward to the
abdominal part of the esophagus.
 Some of these branches continue through the
esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm and
anastomose with esophageal branches from the
thoracic aorta.

19. B. Splenic artery
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 The splenic artery, the largest branch of the
celiac trunk, takes a tortuous course to the left
along the superior border of the pancreas.
 It travels in the splenorenal ligament and
divides into numerous branches, which enter
the hilum of the spleen.
 As the splenic artery passes along the
superior border of the pancreas, it gives off
numerous small branches to supply the neck,
body, and tail of the pancreas.

20. B. Splenic artery
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 Approaching the spleen, the splenic artery
gives off short gastric arteries, which pass
through the gastrosplenic ligament to supply
the fundus of the stomach.
 It also gives off the left gastro-omental
artery, which runs to the right along the
greater curvature of the stomach, and
anastomoses with the right gastro-omental
artery.

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22. C. Common hepatic artery
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 The common hepatic artery is a medium-
sized branch of the celiac trunk that runs to
the right and divides into its two terminal
branches, the hepatic artery proper and the
gastroduodenal artery.
 The hepatic artery proper ascends towards
the liver in the free edge of the lesser
omentum.
 It runs to the left of the bile duct and anterior
to the portal vein, and divides into the right
and left hepatic arteries near the porta
hepatis.

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25. CONT’D
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 As the right hepatic artery nears the liver,
it gives off the cystic artery to the
gallbladder.
 The gastroduodenal artery may give off
the supraduodenal artery before
descending posterior to the superior part
of the duodenum.
 Reaching the lower border of the superior
part of the duodenum, the
gastroduodenal artery divides into its
terminal branches, the right gastro-
omental artery and the superior

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28. The right gastro-omental artery
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 passes to the left, along the greater curvature of
the stomach, eventually anastomosing with the
left gastro-omental artery from the splenic artery.
 The right gastro-omental artery sends branches
to both surfaces of the stomach and additional
branches descend into the greater omentum.
 The superior pancreaticoduodenal artery divides
into anterior and posterior branches as it
descends and supplies the head of the pancreas
and the duodenum.
 These vessels eventually anastomose with
anterior and posterior branches of the inferior
pancreaticoduodenal artery.

29. Superior mesenteric artery
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 The superior mesenteric artery is the
anterior branch of the abdominal aorta
supplying the midgut.
 It arises from the abdominal aorta
immediately below the celiac artery,
anterior to the lower part of vertebra LI.

30. The superior mesenteric artery
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 is crossed anteriorly by the splenic vein and
the neck of pancreas. Posterior to the artery
are the left renal vein, the uncinate process
of the pancreas, and the inferior part of the
duodenum.

31. INFERIOR PANCREATICO DUODENAL
ARTERY
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 The inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery is the
first branch of the superior mesenteric artery.
 It divides immediately into anterior and
posterior branches, which ascend on the
corresponding sides of the head of the
pancreas.
 Superiorly, these arteries anastomose with
anterior and posterior superior
pancreaticoduodenal arteries.
 This arterial network supplies the head and
uncinate process of the pancreas and the
duodenum

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33. BRANCHES OF SMA
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 Branching from the right side of the
main trunk of the superior mesenteric
artery are three vessels-
A. the middle colic,
B. right colic, and
C. Ileo colic arteries-which supply the
terminal ileum, cecum, ascending
colon, and two-thirds of the transverse
colon.

34. MIDDLE COLIC ARTERY
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 The middle colic artery is the first of the three
branches from the right side of the main trunk of
the superior mesenteric artery.
 Arising as the superior mesenteric artery emerges
from beneath the pancreas, the middle colic artery
enters the transverse mesocolon and divides into
right and left branches.
 The right branch anastomoses with the right colic
artery while the left branch anastomoses with the
left colic artery, which is a branch of the inferior
mesenteric artery.

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36. RIGHT COLIC ARTERY
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 Continuing distally along the main trunk of the
superior mesenteric artery, the right colic artery is
the second of the three branches from the right
side of the main trunk of the superior mesenteric
artery.
 It is an inconsistent branch, and passes to the
right in a retroperitoneal position to supply the
ascending colon.
 Nearing the colon, it divides into a descending
branch, which anastomoses with the ileocolic
artery, and an ascending branch, which
anastomoses with the middle colic artery.

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38. Ileocolic artery
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 The final branch arising from the right side of
the superior mesenteric artery is the ileocolic
artery.
 This passes downward and to the right towards
the right iliac fossa where it divides into
superior and inferior branches:
 the superior branch passes upward along
the ascending colon to anastomose with the
right colic artery;
the inferior branch continues towards the
ileocolic junction dividing into colic, cecal,
appendicular, and ileal branches.

39. Jejunal and ileal arteries
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 Arising on the left is a large number of jejunal
and ileal arteries supplying the jejunum and
most of the ileum.
 These branches leave the main trunk of the
artery, pass between two layers of the
mesentery, and form anastomosing arches or
arcades as they pass outward to supply the
small intestine.
 The number of arterial arcades increases
distally along the gut.

40. Jejunal and ileal arteries
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 There may be single and then double arcades
in the area of the jejunum, with a continued
increase in the number of arcades moving into
and through the area of the ileum.
 Extending from the terminal arcade are vasa
recta (straight arteries), which provide the final
direct vascular supply to the walls of the small
intestine.
 The vasa recta supplying the jejunum are
usually long and close together, forming narrow
windows visible in the mesentery.
 The vasa recta supplying the ileum are
generally short and far apart, forming low broad

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42.  The specific pattern of distribution and origin of these
branches is variable

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49. Inferior mesenteric artery
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 The inferior mesenteric artery is the anterior
branch of the abdominal aorta that supplies
the hindgut.
 It is the smallest of the three anterior branches
of the abdominal aorta and arises anterior to
the body of vertebra LIII.
 Initially, the inferior mesenteric artery
descends anteriorly to the aorta and then
passes to the left as it continues inferiorly.
 Its branches include the left colic artery,
several sigmoid arteries, and the superior
rectal artery.

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51. Left colic artery
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 The left colic artery is the first branch of the
inferior mesenteric artery.
 It ascends retroperitoneally, dividing into
ascending and descending branches:
 the ascending branch passes anteriorly to the left
kidney, then enters the transverse mesocolon, and
passes superiorly to supply the upper part of the
descending colon and the distal part of the
transverse colon, and anastomoses with branches
of the middle colic artery;
 the descending branch passes inferiorly, supplying
the lower part of the descending colon and
anastomoses with the first sigmoid artery.

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53. Sigmoid arteries
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 The sigmoid arteries consist of two to four
branches, which descend to the left, in the
sigmoid mesocolon, to supply the lowest
part of the descending colon and the
sigmoid colon.
 These branches anastomose superiorly with
branches from the left colic artery and
inferiorly with branches from the superior
rectal artery.

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55. Superior rectal artery
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 The terminal branch of the inferior mesenteric artery
is the superior rectal artery.
 This vessel descends into the pelvic cavity in the
sigmoid mesocolon, crossing the left common iliac
vessels.
 Opposite vertebra SIII, the superior rectal artery
divides. The two terminal branches descend on each
side of the rectum, dividing into smaller branches in
the wall of the rectum.
 These smaller branches continue inferiorly to the
level of the internal anal sphincter, anastomosing
along the way with branches from the middle rectal
arteries (from the internal iliac artery) and the inferior
rectal arteries (from the internal pudendal artery).

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57. LATERAL BRANCHES
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 Renal arteries
The renal arteries normally arise off the side of the
abdominal aorta, immediately below the superior
mesenteric artery, and supply the kidneys with blood.
Each is directed across the crus of the diaphragm, so
as to form nearly a right angle with the aorta,
 Due to the position of the aorta, the inferior vena
cava, and the kidneys in the body, the right renal
artery is normally longer than the left renal artery.
 The right passes behind the inferior vena cava, the
right renal vein, the head of the pancreas, and the
descending part of the duodenum.
 The right is somewhat lower than the left; it lies behind
the left renal vein, the body of the pancreas and the
splenic vein, and is crossed

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 Middle suprarenal vein
The middle suprarenal arteries (middle
capsular arteries; suprarenal arteries) are two
small vessels which arise, one from either side
of the abdominal aorta, opposite the superior
mesenteric artery.
 They pass laterally and slightly upward, over
the crura of the diaphragm, to the suprarenal
glands, where they anastomose with
suprarenal branches of the inferior phrenic and
renal arteries

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 Gonadal areteries
gonadal artery is a generic term for a paired
artery, with one arising from the abdominal aorta
for each gonad
 Lumbar arteries
 lumbar arteries are arteries located in the
lumbar region. The lumbar arteries are in parallel
with the intercostals.
 They are usually four in number on either side,
and arise from the back of the aorta, opposite the
bodies of the upper four lumbar vertebrae

60. OTHER BRANCHES
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 INFERIOR PHRENIC ARTERY
The inferior phrenic arteries are two small
vessels, which supply the diaphragm but present
much variety in their origin.
They may arise separately from the front of the
aorta, immediately above the celiac artery, or by a
common trunk, which may spring either from the
aorta or from the celiac artery. Sometimes one is
derived from the aorta, and the other from one of
the renal arteries; they rarely arise as separate
vessels from the aorta.

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62. MEDIAN SACRAL ARTERY
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 median sacral artery (or middle sacral
artery) is a small vessel that arises posterior
to the abdominal aorta and superior to its
bifurcation.
 It descends in the middle line in front of the
fourth and fifth lumbar vertebræ, the sacrum
and coccyx, ending in the glomus coccygeum
(coccygeal gland).

63. COMMON ILIAC ARTERY
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 The abdominal aorta terminates at the level of
L4 by dividing into the two common iliac
arteries

64. The end
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