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WELCOME TO MY TOPIC
WEIRS - (flow measuring)
WEIR
• its a barrier across the flowing fluid
designed to alter the flow characteristics.
• it is used to prevent flooding, measure
discharge, and render the river navigable.
• it take forms of obstructions smaller than
the conventional dams.
• Since the geometry of top of the weir is
known and all water flows over the weir,
depth of water behind the weir can be
converted to a rate of flow.
• discharge can be summarized as;
Q=CLHn
• When used for flow measurement it is
important that the weir crest is free of rust
or impurities.
• Roughness of any form will cause the weir
to discharge more water than indicated by
the standard discharge equations or
tables.
TYPES
1.LABYRINTH WEIR
It uses a trapezoidal shaped weir geometry
to increase the weir length. They are versatile
structures and can be modified to many
applications.
weirs
weirs
2. BROAD CRESTED WEIR
It is a flat crested structure, with long
crest compared to flow thicknes. When the
crest is broad, the streamlines become
parallel to the crest invert and the
pressure distribution above the crest is
hydrostatic.
weirs
weirs
3. SHARP CRESTED WEIR
It allows the water to flow cleanly away
from weir. Also known as FAYOUM weir.
These weirs are typically .25 inch (6.4
mm) or thinner metal plates. They are in
many shapes and styles like rectangular, v
notch and cipoletti weirs.... It can exhibit
accuracies to about +/-2%.
weirs
weirs
weirs
4. COMPOUND WEIR
For accurate flow measurement
over a wider range of flow rates, a
compound weir combines two or more
types -typically a v-notch weir with a
rectangular weir. These weirs are intented
to measure no more than 35% of the
pipe's open channel flow capacity.
weirs
weirs
5. V-NOTCH WEIR
Is a triangular channel section, used to
measure small discharge values. The upper
edge of the section is always above the water
level, so the channel is always triangular
simplifying calculation. V-notch weirs are
preferred for low discharges as head above the
weir crest is more sensitive to changes in flow
compared to rectangular weirs.
V-notch weirs typically achieve
accuracies of 2-5% . V-notch weirs are
sized between 22-1/20
and 1200
, with 22-
1/20
,300
,450
,600
,900
and 1200
the common
increments- although the free flow
discharge equations can be developed
from one universal equation for v-notch
weirs from 250
to 1200
in size.
weirs
DRAW BACKS
• Typically increases the oxygen content of
the water which brings a detrimental effect
on the ecology of the local water bodies.
• Even though the water around weirs can
often appear relatively calm, they can be
extremely dangerous places to boat,
swim, etc..as the circulation patterns on
the downstream side typically known as
hydraulic jump, can submerge a person
indefinitely.
• It can become a point where the garbage
and other wastes accumulates.
THANK U
ALL

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weirs

  • 1. WELCOME TO MY TOPIC WEIRS - (flow measuring)
  • 2. WEIR • its a barrier across the flowing fluid designed to alter the flow characteristics. • it is used to prevent flooding, measure discharge, and render the river navigable. • it take forms of obstructions smaller than the conventional dams.
  • 3. • Since the geometry of top of the weir is known and all water flows over the weir, depth of water behind the weir can be converted to a rate of flow. • discharge can be summarized as; Q=CLHn
  • 4. • When used for flow measurement it is important that the weir crest is free of rust or impurities. • Roughness of any form will cause the weir to discharge more water than indicated by the standard discharge equations or tables.
  • 5. TYPES 1.LABYRINTH WEIR It uses a trapezoidal shaped weir geometry to increase the weir length. They are versatile structures and can be modified to many applications.
  • 8. 2. BROAD CRESTED WEIR It is a flat crested structure, with long crest compared to flow thicknes. When the crest is broad, the streamlines become parallel to the crest invert and the pressure distribution above the crest is hydrostatic.
  • 11. 3. SHARP CRESTED WEIR It allows the water to flow cleanly away from weir. Also known as FAYOUM weir. These weirs are typically .25 inch (6.4 mm) or thinner metal plates. They are in many shapes and styles like rectangular, v notch and cipoletti weirs.... It can exhibit accuracies to about +/-2%.
  • 15. 4. COMPOUND WEIR For accurate flow measurement over a wider range of flow rates, a compound weir combines two or more types -typically a v-notch weir with a rectangular weir. These weirs are intented to measure no more than 35% of the pipe's open channel flow capacity.
  • 18. 5. V-NOTCH WEIR Is a triangular channel section, used to measure small discharge values. The upper edge of the section is always above the water level, so the channel is always triangular simplifying calculation. V-notch weirs are preferred for low discharges as head above the weir crest is more sensitive to changes in flow compared to rectangular weirs.
  • 19. V-notch weirs typically achieve accuracies of 2-5% . V-notch weirs are sized between 22-1/20 and 1200 , with 22- 1/20 ,300 ,450 ,600 ,900 and 1200 the common increments- although the free flow discharge equations can be developed from one universal equation for v-notch weirs from 250 to 1200 in size.
  • 21. DRAW BACKS • Typically increases the oxygen content of the water which brings a detrimental effect on the ecology of the local water bodies. • Even though the water around weirs can often appear relatively calm, they can be extremely dangerous places to boat, swim, etc..as the circulation patterns on the downstream side typically known as hydraulic jump, can submerge a person indefinitely.
  • 22. • It can become a point where the garbage and other wastes accumulates.