1. Surfactants
PRESENTING BY:
ZAGROS A.OMAR
SUPERVISE: Dr, ROONAK
Soran
University
Faculty of Science
2015-2016

2. Outline
HISTORY OF SURFACTANT
 DEFINATION OF SURFACTANT
 TYPES OF SURFACTANT
 STRECTURAL AGGREGATES
 MICELLES
 APLICATION OF SURFACTANT
 SEFETY AND INVIRONMENTAL RESK
 REFRENCE

3. HISTORY OF SURFACTANT
the first discovery of
surfactant In 1929 Kurt von
Neergaard, a German-born
physiologist working in
Switzerland

4. Is a surface-active agent, a wetting agent,
a substance, is Natural or synthetic,
substance such as a detergent, that can
reduce the surface tension of a liquid and
thus allow it to foam or penetrate solids.
D
efinition:

5. Surfactant classification according to the composition of
their head: nonionic, anionic, cationic, amphoteric

6. Anionic surfactants
In these surfactants the hydrophilic group is negatively
charged. They are the most widely used type of
surfactants for laundering, dishwashing liquids and
shampoos. They are particularly good at keeping the dirt.
Four anionic surfactants are used:
a)alkylbenzene sulfonates
b) alkyl sulfates
c) alkyl ether sulfates
d) soaps

7. Cationic surfactants
With these surfactants, the hydrophilic head is positively
charged.
there are several types, each used for a specific purpose.
(a) Mono alkyl quaternary systems
b) Esterquats

8. Nonionic surfactants
These surfactants do not bear an electrical charge
and are often used together with anionic
surfactants. An advantage is that they do not
interact with calcium and magnesium ions in hard
water.

9. Amphoteric surfactants
Amphoteric (or zwitterionic) surfactants are so called because the head-group
carries both a negative and positive charge. A range of methods is used to
produce such materials, which contain ammonium ion (a cation). The
negatively charged group can be carboxylate, -CO2
-
, sulfate, -OSO3
-
or
sulfonate, -SO3
-
. A long-chain carboxylic acid reacts with a diamine to form a
tertiary amine. On further reaction with sodium chloroethanoate, a quaternary
salt is formed:

10. 4 nm
Unimers Normal micelles
spherical
cylindrical
Bilayer lamella
Reverse micelles
Inverted hexagonal phase
Surfactant Aggregates

11. Micelles
Direct micelles
Surfactant Solubilized organic
molecules (oil)
H2
O
Reverse micelles
H2
O
n-decane
C10
H22
Surfactant
H2
O

12. Micelle

13. Applications

14. Safety and environmental
risks
Most anionic and nonionic
surfactants are nontoxic.

15. REFERENCE

http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/surfactanthttp://dictionary.reference.com/browse/surfactant

http://www.rsc.org/chemistryworld/Issues/2003/July/amphiphiles.asphttp://www.rsc.org/chemistryworld/Issues/2003/July/amphiphiles.asp

http://www.kidport.com/reflib/science/humanbody/cardiovascular/Capillaries.hthttp://www.kidport.com/reflib/science/humanbody/cardiovascular/Capillaries.ht
mm

http://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/materials-and-applications/surfactants.html.http://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/materials-and-applications/surfactants.html.

Mayer, Robert G.Mayer, Robert G. Embalming: History, Theory, and Practice.Embalming: History, Theory, and Practice. New York:New York:
Mcgraw-Hill Medical, 2012. Print.Mcgraw-Hill Medical, 2012. Print.