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Thorsang Chayovan
6th year medical student
 Definition
คือ การมีเลือดออกภายหลังรกคลอด
- > 500 cc (vaginal route) หรือ
- > 1000 cc (C/S) หรือ
- มี Hemodynamic change
แบ่งเป็น
1. Early PPH : within 24 hrs
2. Late PPH : 24 hrs – 6 wks
 Cause : 4T
◦ Tone : Uterine atony
◦ Tissue : Retained placenta/conceptive product
◦ Trauma : Birth passage tear
◦ Thrombin : Coagulopathy
◦ Prolonged labor or Precipitated labor
◦ Overdistended uterus e.g. macrosomia, mutifetal
pregnancy, polyhydramnios
◦ Obstetrics procedure
◦ Tocolytics
◦ Uterine abnormality e.g. scar, tumor
◦ Uterine infection
◦ Urinary bladder distension
◦ Halothane, ether
◦ Constriction ring, cervical cramp
◦ Placenta adherens
◦ การช่วยคลอดรกที่ผิดวิธี
◦ มีรกน้อย(placenta succenturiata, placenta spurium)
◦ Precipitated labor
◦ Obstetrics procedure
◦ Episiotomy
◦ DIC : Placenta abruption, DFIU, Missed abortion,
Sepsis, Severe preeclampsia, Amniotic fluid
embolism
◦ Hematologic diseases
◦ Anticoagulants
 Diagnosis : EBL จาก
◦ การคาดคะเนด้วยสายตา มักน้อยกว่าความเป็นจริงราวครึ่งหนึ่ง
◦ ตวงเลือด มักมากกว่าความเป็นจริงเนื่องจากมี amniotic fluid ปน
◦ ดู V/S, Urine output
◦ Hct ไม่เหมาะในช่วงแรกๆ ควรใช้หลัง 24 hrs ไปแล้ว
 Prevention
◦ Antepartum : risk identification, iron supplement
◦ Intrapartum :
 เปิดเส้น, จองเลือด
 ระวังการคลอดยืดเยื้อ
 หลีกเลี่ยงการทาหัตถการ
 ทาคลอดอย่างถูกต้องเหมาะสม
 ตรวจรกและช่องคลอดอย่างละเอียด
 ให้ยากระตุ้นการหดรัดตัวอย่างเหมาะสม
 หลีกเลี่ยงการให้ยาสลบ เช่น ether, halothane
 Treatment
◦ Supportive treatment
 IV fluid resuscitation
 O2
 Retained Foley’s catheter
 Monitoring V/S, I/O
 Blood transfusion
◦ Specific treatment
 Manual massage
 Medication
 Oxytocin : 20 u in NSS IV drip 200 -1000
cc/hr
 Methergin : 0.2 mg IV or IM
 Nalador : 500 µg in water 500 cc, IV in 30
min
 Bimanual uterine compression
 Uterine tamponade
 Surgery
 Uterine artery ligation
 Internal iliac artery ligation
 Pelvic vessel embolization
 B-lynch suture
 Hysterectomy
 B-lynch
◦ Manual placental removal
◦ Curettage
◦ Placenta adherens : Hysterectomy
 Birth passage tear
◦ Explore and repair
Postpartum hemorrhage

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Postpartum hemorrhage

  • 1. Thorsang Chayovan 6th year medical student
  • 2.  Definition คือ การมีเลือดออกภายหลังรกคลอด - > 500 cc (vaginal route) หรือ - > 1000 cc (C/S) หรือ - มี Hemodynamic change แบ่งเป็น 1. Early PPH : within 24 hrs 2. Late PPH : 24 hrs – 6 wks
  • 3.  Cause : 4T ◦ Tone : Uterine atony ◦ Tissue : Retained placenta/conceptive product ◦ Trauma : Birth passage tear ◦ Thrombin : Coagulopathy
  • 4. ◦ Prolonged labor or Precipitated labor ◦ Overdistended uterus e.g. macrosomia, mutifetal pregnancy, polyhydramnios ◦ Obstetrics procedure ◦ Tocolytics ◦ Uterine abnormality e.g. scar, tumor ◦ Uterine infection ◦ Urinary bladder distension ◦ Halothane, ether
  • 5. ◦ Constriction ring, cervical cramp ◦ Placenta adherens ◦ การช่วยคลอดรกที่ผิดวิธี ◦ มีรกน้อย(placenta succenturiata, placenta spurium)
  • 6. ◦ Precipitated labor ◦ Obstetrics procedure ◦ Episiotomy
  • 7. ◦ DIC : Placenta abruption, DFIU, Missed abortion, Sepsis, Severe preeclampsia, Amniotic fluid embolism ◦ Hematologic diseases ◦ Anticoagulants
  • 8.  Diagnosis : EBL จาก ◦ การคาดคะเนด้วยสายตา มักน้อยกว่าความเป็นจริงราวครึ่งหนึ่ง ◦ ตวงเลือด มักมากกว่าความเป็นจริงเนื่องจากมี amniotic fluid ปน ◦ ดู V/S, Urine output ◦ Hct ไม่เหมาะในช่วงแรกๆ ควรใช้หลัง 24 hrs ไปแล้ว
  • 9.  Prevention ◦ Antepartum : risk identification, iron supplement ◦ Intrapartum :  เปิดเส้น, จองเลือด  ระวังการคลอดยืดเยื้อ  หลีกเลี่ยงการทาหัตถการ  ทาคลอดอย่างถูกต้องเหมาะสม  ตรวจรกและช่องคลอดอย่างละเอียด  ให้ยากระตุ้นการหดรัดตัวอย่างเหมาะสม  หลีกเลี่ยงการให้ยาสลบ เช่น ether, halothane
  • 10.  Treatment ◦ Supportive treatment  IV fluid resuscitation  O2  Retained Foley’s catheter  Monitoring V/S, I/O  Blood transfusion ◦ Specific treatment
  • 11.
  • 12.  Manual massage  Medication  Oxytocin : 20 u in NSS IV drip 200 -1000 cc/hr  Methergin : 0.2 mg IV or IM  Nalador : 500 µg in water 500 cc, IV in 30 min  Bimanual uterine compression  Uterine tamponade  Surgery
  • 13.
  • 14.  Uterine artery ligation  Internal iliac artery ligation  Pelvic vessel embolization  B-lynch suture  Hysterectomy  B-lynch
  • 15. ◦ Manual placental removal ◦ Curettage ◦ Placenta adherens : Hysterectomy
  • 16.  Birth passage tear ◦ Explore and repair