MAEDA Making NHK Archives Available to the Public
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As presented by Masaya Maeda (NHK) at the 2019 FIAT/IFTA World Conference in Dubrovnik, Croatia.
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MAEDA Making NHK Archives Available to the Public
- 1. Making NHK Archives Available to the Public FIAT/IFTA Dubrovnik World Conference 23 October 2019 Masaya MAÉDA
- 2. Summary 1. Reasons and ways of making NHK Archives available to the public 2. NHK Archives portal 3. Social media 4. Reminiscence therapy library 5. Teacher’s library 6. Trial connected with academic research 7. Library of programmes available to the public at NHK facilities 8. Support for NHK events across Japan
- 3. Reasons and ways of making NHK Archives available to the public 【Reasons】 • Giving the community access to broadcasting resources • Drawing public attention to NHK’s activities • Free access 【Ways of viewing】 • Online (through the official website) • DVDs (on loan) • Viewing at NHK facilities *All of the content has been cleared for copyright and other related rights
- 4. Archives Portal ● Portal https://www.nhk.or.jp/archives/ Available online in 2009. Since FY2017, 8 categories: programmes, locations, personalities, war, the 11 March 2011 disaster, creative material. News and times past were added this year. ● Clips & audio files More than 20,000 items ● No. of visitors 1 million visitors per month, an approximately fourfold increase compared to 2015. Looking to attract 1.5 million visitors per month.
- 5. Easy searches via 8 categories Different sites combined into one providing access to about 20,000 items 5
- 6. Searches by year, location, lists, month 6 Year Location Lists (by J’se alphabetical order, etc.) Month
- 7. 1. Programmes Approx. 1,500 Clips providing summaries of signature NHK programmes More than 600 articles about acclaimed NHK dramas, programme episodes, etc. Comment from celebrities about programmes currently on air Acclaimed NHK dramas Programme episodes History of NHK in manga form Comments from celebrities
- 8. 2. News Approx. 4,500 Many editions of News Highlights, the end- of-year segments aired on NHK looking back on major news stories of the past year Nippon News newsreels and other footage produced before the advent of television in Japan Search by year Search by location Search by most popular
- 9. 3. Personalities Clips of NHK programmes featuring well- known actors and other cast; interviews with 2 personalities also posted each week on social media Obituaries linking up with NHK News Web, and other sites. Information simultaneously appears in NHK Stera magazine Approx. 1,900
- 10. 4. Locations Clips featuring local cultures sourced from travelogue programmes Clips can be searched for by prefecture. And searches can also be made by subject, such as castles, ramen noodles, etc. “My Hometown Recommendations” and “Expert’s Column” have also been added. My Hometown Recommendations Approx. 3,800 Expert’s Column
- 11. 5. Times past Approx. 1,100 Clips of times past arranged by subject News clips arranged according to various subjects, e.g. Imperial family, Nobel Prizes, elections, economics, science & culture, sports, fashion & trends, World War II, etc. Segment connected with the current NHK historical drama Idaten (“Go like lightning”) lets viewers compare old black & white images with those which have been colourised with AI -based technologies.
- 12. 6. War Making firsthand wartime memories available for future generations NHK’s war-related sites were combined earlier this year. Special segments providing maps, chronologies, images; readings by high school students of wartime diaries, war-related manga Map of the Pacific War News timeline Map detailing the massive Approx. 3,400 People sharing their
- 13. 7. The 11 March 2011 Disaster Images captured in the first 72 hours We continue to gather clips about the huge earthquake and tsunami that hit eastern Japan on 11 March 2011. Segment providing images taken in the first 72 hours, aerial footage of the disaster-hit areas. Images of other natural disasters, time-lapse images and aerial footage of areas hit by disaster. Approx. 2,200 clips
- 14. 8. Creative material Archives material and production tools available for artistic and creative purposes. Production tools for creating greeting cards, four-panel cartoons, clips for Hyakunin Isshu (a classical anthology). Promoting NHK dramas by letting people produce anime, etc. for end of the broadcast. Clips for creative purposes Clips for the Hyakunin Isshu anthology of poems Speech balloons Approx. 5,300
- 15. Social media Facebook Twitter 140,000 followers 8 articles added each day 130,000 followers 16 articles added each day YouTube 1.4 million subscribers (for NHK as a whole) 5-10 clips added each month
- 16. Reminiscence therapy library • Getting people to talk about memories triggered by objects and images they remember from their past • This is believed to stimulate the brain and help delay the progress of dementia • Library available online from 2015 • Recipient of 2016 FIAT/IFTA Award for “Most innovative use of archives " • DVDs loaned out to elderly care facilities from 2018 (10,000 loans at present) https://www.nhk.or.jp/archives/kaisou/en/
- 18. Teacher’s library • DVDs loaned out to schools • 255 titles; junior high schools the biggest users • The titles cover the following topics: peace, careers, inclusiveness, information, disaster mitigation, the environment, the fun of learning • Available since 2009 • 3,200 loans made in FY2018
- 19. Trial connected with academic research • Programmes in the Archives can be viewed at NHK facilities by academic researchers for the purpose of academic research • Commenced in 2010 • Used by 170 research teams to produce 80 academic papers to date • Annual event to present the findings of these academic papers
- 20. Library of programmes • Available since 2003 • More than 10,000 programmes available free-of-charge • Can be viewed at a total of 57 NHK facilities around Japan • Entertainment, anime, etc. can be viewed at NHK facilities when copyright prevents them from being made available online
- 21. 21 Digital signage for 8,000 acclaimed programmes and major news stories Three types of games involving old familiar TV characters – a big hit with children Large paper models of old familiar TV characters are popular, as are DIY versions Support for NHK events Twenty different kinds of content are produced from Archives material for local events. Virtual reality display at the NHK Archives in Kawaguchi showing what homes and household appliances were like in the past
- 22. In conclusion • 10 years have passed since NHK Archives started availability to the public. • However, it is not an easy way now. • Because we need a budget for it, and we have to struggle to survive among many NHK services. • The reality of the availability should not be optimistic.
Editor's Notes
- Thank you for taking part in this presentation. My name is Masaya Maeda. I work for NHK Archives. I am responsible for international relations, and for making the content of NHK Archives available for online use, and for use in the likes of schools and academic studies. Today I would like to talk about the work I am usually involved in Japan. This presentation is about what NHK is doing to make its archives available to the public.
- Here is a summary of what I will be talking about in this presentation. First, I’ll explain why the NHK Archives are being made available to the public. I’ll discuss the NHK Archives website, and how Archives content is being used in reminiscence therapy, schools, and academic research. In addition, I’ll talk about the library of programmes the public can access at NHK facilities, and the support NHK Archives provide to various events organised by NHK stations across Japan. Well, time is limited, so I’ll now discuss these various initiatives.
- NHK Archives is focused on three main areas: preservation, use, and availability to the public. We actively began making content available to the public about ten years ago. NHK Archives was launched in 2003. Since then, we have realised a range of ideas. Now, why is content being made available to the public? NHK is Japan’s sole public broadcaster. Its basic philosophy is that the content that has accumulated in its Archives is a resource that should be made available to the community. Another reason is that making content available to the public helps make the public aware of NHK broadcasts and the other activities undertaken by NHK. That’s the statuary interpretation of Japan’s Broadcasting Act, the law which regulates NHK. The content in NHK Archives that is being made available to the public is all offered free-of-charge. Please bear in mind, when I say “made available to the public” in this presentation, it does not include the material that is made available on a fee-paying basis, video-on-demand, and the marketing of programmes and materials. There are three ways that the publicly available content can be viewed. It can be accessed from NHK’s official website, the DVDs we lend out, and by accessing the content at NHK facilities. An important point here is copyright. All of the content we make available to the public has been checked and cleared in terms of copyright.
- Let me talk about the NHK Archives portal, which makes content available online. This site is the most heavily used method for accessing the Archives content made available to the public. Content has been offered online since 2009. Initially, we had a range of different sites. They were combined into a single site in the 2017 financial year. The content was arranged into 8 categories: programmes, locations, personalities, war, the March 11th 2011 disaster, and creative material. This year, we added two more categories: news and times past. NHK’s NHK on Demand video-on-demand service makes entire programme available on a fee-paying basis. The Archives portal, however, is quite different. It provides short clips that are material edited from programmes. The clips are of 1 to 5 minutes’ duration. More clips and audio files are being added each year. At present, more than 20,000 items are available. The site currently attracts almost 1 million visitors each month. That’s a fourfold increase compared to 2015 when we started keeping track of the number of visitors. We are looking to reach about 1-and-a-half million people per month, particularly among the people in their 50s and 60s, the so-called “active seniors”. The Archives portal attracts a great number of visitors when comparing it with other NHK websites. NHK’s news website, its international news website, and drama-related sites attract the greatest number of visitors. But we come next. Our team has done a lot of work to achieve that.
- So let’s look at the NHK Archives portal in a little more detail. This is the home or top page. At the top is a photo of the previous Emperor, Emperor Akihito at the time of his wedding sixty years ago when he was Crown Prince. Yesterday was a public holiday in Japan. There were ceremonies, including a parade, to mark the accession of our new Emperor and Empress, Emperor Naruhito and Empress Masako. VIPs from around the world attended the occasion. If I weren’t here, I would have had the day off from work, and would have watched the ceremonies on TV. Content that is attracting the greatest interest at the present time is automatically arranged and displayed on top. Since April, visitors can search for and access content from eight categories. Searches are easy. The method is the same.
- Content is arranged and displayed in a uniform manner, in terms of year, location, lists, and by month. We have tried ensure that visitors can search through the 20,000 available items in a number of different ways, without getting lost or confused.
- Let’s look at the categories of content. The first is NHK programmes. Visitors can access clips providing summaries of signature NHK programmes. There is a section for acclaimed NHK dramas. The girl with an infant on her back is a scene from the popular drama series Oshin, which aired 35 to 36 years ago. I don’t know if people in Europe are all that familiar with this series, but it was very popular across Asia. Visitors can get summaries of past acclaimed NHK productions. And there are also more than 600 articles from the likes of NHK staff, screenwriters and so on. In recent times, TV celebrities have also provided comment and illustrations, which are also attracting increasing attention on social media.
- The next category is News. It shows the major news stories covered by NHK. Visitors can access what are called News Highlights, the end-of-year segments aired on NHK looking back on the major news stories of the year. Visitors can also access the Nippon News newsreels, which were screened in cinemas before the advent of television in Japan. The newsreels were produced between 1940 and 1951. NHK acquired the rights to these newsreels in 1978. There are 3,500 of them. They are a very valuable historical resource.
- The next section is Personalities. This mostly features clips of major personalities that have appeared in NHK productions. They are mostly actors and celebrities, but cultural figures, past figures, and so on are included as well. Past figures – that is to say, people who are no longer alive – are dealt with in a what’s called a Meeting Up section. It features past interviews of these people, as well as regular programmes featuring them. This is done in collaboration with those programmes. And when a personality has died, we try to provide links to NHK news sites. This content is quite popular. It also appears in an NHK magazine and other places. The reaction is good when we also feature popular celebrities in our social media accounts.
- And the next category is Locations. I’m responsible for the content that appears here. This section provides clips featuring the local cultures, scenic places, cuisine, festivals, and so on of Japan. The clips have been sourced and edited from travelogue programmes that have been aired on NHK. A lot of beautiful images have been added in recent times, given the growing amount of film shoots NHK is doing in the 4K ultra high-definition format. The material has to be adapted for online streaming, but it quite stunning nonetheless. Since last year, we have also been providing content to the Japanese government’s Japan Search project. Japan Search is designed to let people search for material from a whole range of sources across Japan, such as libraries, art galleries, museums and public archives, in the same manner as Europeana. Our clips are popular. Nobody else in Japan has the amount we possess. The “My Hometown Recommendations” segment is also popular. It has celebrities keenly talking about the places they came from. We also try to attract more visitors when a variety show goes to air featuring a particular place. Details of the place are posted on social media.
- Next, we have the Times Past category. As you can see, it provides a lot of black & white footage from the past. This category currently has a special feature on past Japanese winners of the Nobel Prize. It is being provided this month, which when the winners of each year’s Nobel Prizes are announced. And there is also a clip for the enthronement ceremonies of the previous Emperor and Empress. The content is arranged according to the time of year and what we think viewers will be interested in. The same applies to all of the content available in the Archives portal. A section connected to a current NHK historical drama features old black & white footage that has been colourised with A! - artificial intelligence-based technologies. Viewers can also check up on what happened on this day in history, 366 times a year. They can see if any particular anniversary falls on this day. Today is October 23rd. There’s no major anniversary in Japan on this day. It’s merely Telegraph and Telephone Day [marking the date when construction started on the first telegraph line in Japan in 1869]. We’ve done various things, as you can see, to get people viewing content from the past.
- The next category is War, which makes firsthand experiences of the Second World War available for future generations. Here, visitors can access people sharing their memories of the war and the postwar period, as well as news, programmes, and audio files relating to the war. NHK had a number of websites sharing memories of the war, and so on, with a view to ensuring Japan never experiences anything like this ever again. There have been sites about the August 1945 atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, the 1945 Battle of Okinawa, and so on, created by local NHK stations. They have now all been combined, providing people with more content, as well as the opportunity to view the Second World War through a wide range of angles. In recent times, we have also called on young anime and manga artists, as well as students, to provide manga and anime about the war. We have been surprised by the new and different depictions they have provided. We feel this has been a very rewarding project for preserving memories of the war for future generations. War is a grim subject. But this site is very significant for a public broadcaster like NHK.
- The next category is about the disaster of March 11th, 2011. Japan is very prone to natural disasters. An important part of NHK’s mission as Japan’s public broadcaster is disaster reporting. Many people will no doubt remember the huge earthquake and tsunami that struck the eastern part of Japan on March 11th, 2011. This disaster claimed many lives. We continue to gather clips showing the devastation that was caused, about people sharing memories of what happened, as well clips showing the subsequent recovery. Eight years have already passed. People’s memories are starting to fade. In this site, we try to keep memories alive of what happened. We provide a record of this disaster taken from a whole range of angles. This site also provides records of other natural disasters, as well as time-lapse footage of the areas hit by the March 11th disaster. In other words, cameras have set up in the affected areas to keep track of what has happened since the disaster struck. People can see how these places have recovered from the disaster.
- The next category is Creative Materials. We call it the Creative Library. It lets people use Archives material for artistic and creative purposes. It comes with simple production tools. People can download low-resolution images. The material can only be used for non-commercial purposes. I don’t think many other broadcasters offer this kind of service. Viewers can choose from a range of materials that don’t pose any problems in terms of copyright. They can select scenes from nature, landscapes, animals, computer graphics images, NHK mascots, sound effects, and so on. This section is mostly targeted at youngsters from primary school to college. The material tends to be used in classes for creative expression, free assignments, and so on. We have a section where viewers can post anime relating to popular NHK drama serials. Some of these anime productions are featured at the end of the broadcast. It’s been quite popular over the last two or three years. This section attracts lots of posts each day. Well, that was an introduction to the eight genres in the Archives portal.
- Social media are indispensable tools for us. We use the likes of Facebook and Twitter to provide updates and features about what is available in the Archives portal. This is done on a daily basis. NHK Archives is attracting a growing number followers on social media. We have 140,000 followers on Facebook and 130,000 followers on Twitter. NHK as a whole posts between five and ten clips on YouTube each month. It doesn’t post anything on Instagram at present. We pay due care to the types of articles we should provide, and when we should post them. We try to post information of the kind people want and when they want it. When we do that, we get a great amount of people visiting us. Social media now play a key role in drawing public attention to the NHK Archives portal and other NHK services.
- I’d now like to talk about some of the other services connected with the NHK Archives portal. We offer a Reminiscence Therapy Library for the elderly. Japan is becoming an aged society to a very pronounced degree on account of the long average lifespan of its people. Having elderly people talk memories that have been triggered by objects and images they remember from their past is believed to simulate the brain and help prevent the progress of dementia. We began offering material for reminiscence therapy online from 2015. This won us an award from FIAT in the following year. The reminiscence therapy library team is still very proud about this recognition. The award is always mentioned in our public relations material. Many elderly care facilities in Japan, however, don’t tend have to have good internet connections. So last year, we began loaning out material in the form of DVDs. We currently have 10,000 loans. And from this year, we’ve started using virtual reality technology as well at different events and locations.
- I’d like to show you this minute-long video. I understand that the BBC is also involved in this wonderful therapy. I look forward to the forthcoming presentation about the BBC’s initiatives in this area.
- The next service I’d like to talk about is the Teacher’s Library. It is Archives content packaged in DVDs for school teachers. The intended audience is chiefly children from primary school to high school age. We have 255 carefully selected titles that we loan out to schools. The DVDs cover seven topics. They’re not specifically educational programmes. They are mostly used by junior high schools. NHK has an NHK for School portal, which provides 2,000 educational programme titles. They are made available to schools free-of-charge. Despite this, there is a need for DVDs, because one survey has found at 60 per cent of Japanese schools have a poor internet connection. The Teacher’s Library is designed to meet this demand. This service has been available since 2009. Each year has brought a growing number of users. We made 3,200 loans in the last financial year.
- The next area is a trial connected with academic research. We have called on academic researchers to use programmes in our Archives for the purpose of academic research. Researchers can view the programmes at NHK facilities. The applications are assessed beforehand with the participation of outside assessors. The trial was launched in 2010. So far, 170 teams of researchers have produced a total of 80 academic papers. Since last year there has been an annual event to present the findings of these papers. The photos show presentations about such papers.
- And this is our library of programmes made available to the public at NHK facilities. More than 10,000 programmes have been made available free-of-charge since 2003. The programmes can be viewed at a total of 57 NHK stations and other NHK facilities across Japan. The programmes can’t be viewed online. People have to come to an NHK facility to watch them. But the advantage is that people can view entertainment shows, anime, and other productions which would not be available online because of copyright.
- And the final item I would like to talk about is the support we provide for NHK events across Japan. We produce about 20 types of content for such events. Most of it is games and other attractions for children. Paper models of old familiar TV characters are a popular attraction. And children are thrilled with games involving their active participation. Elsewhere, we have touch panels for content in the Archives portal. And we also have started reminiscence therapy involving virtual reality technology, which I mentioned a short time earlier.
- I have told “Making NHK Archives Available to the public“”so far. 10 years have passed since NHK Archives started openness as availability to the community. A lot of people has been accepting it, and the number of access and users are increasing at present. The group of academic researchers insist that NHK Archives should be opened furthermore. However, in fact, availability to the public is not an easy way. Our team has done a lot of work to achieve that everyday. Because, we need a budget to open archives contents and we have to struggle to survive among many NHK services. Unless we increase access more and more, we cannot get understanding and keep budget in NHK. The reality of the availability to the public should be not be optimistic. Well that concludes my presentation about what we are doing to make the NHK Archives available to the public. Thank you for your attention. If you have any questions, please ask.