Evaluation of two projects in Hong Kong, Kai Tak development and Lung Mei Beach, using 3 criteria in sustainable development as parameters

2. Lung Mei Beach
Kai Tak Development

4. Kai Tak Development Lung Mei Beach

5. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GlqXfHpS4Ts

6. Tai Po District CouncilEnvironmentalists
Disaster for the 200
marine and bird species
inhabiting the area!
Support the project!

7. Fig. 1 Development Plan of Lung Mei Beach

9. 1. Attract more tourists (local usage) 
• spend more
• local economy can be better off
2. Boost the property price in Tai Po 
• enjoy sea view
• 15%-20%  (2012)
3. Costly 
• HK$ 280 million
4. Income of fishermen will decrease 
• since it affects the marine ecosystem
• affect fishery

10. mainly local residents
Not Sustainable
X Spend much

12. 1. Provide more recreational facilities 
• Lack of swimming facilities in Tai Po
(only 1 public swimming pool!)
+ mature cycling paths network in Tai Mei Tuk
advancement in leisure facilities
living quality 
2. Affect livelihood of fisherman 
• Affect marine systems
• Income 

13. 3. Traffic Saturation (Ting Kok Road) 
• Visitors  Road transport 
• Road extension (24 lines)
 Give up cycling pathway/ green belt//
reclamation
Not Sustainable

15. At Present:
• A muddy flatland
- 9 types of mangrove trees
- 280 types of species
(32 types of endangered species)
• Breeding zone of seahorse
• Near Ting Kok Site of Special Scientific
interest (<431M)
 mangrove community is the 3rd largest
Fig. 2 管海馬
(Hippocampus kuda)
Fig. 3 紅海星
(Pentaceraster cumingi)

16. Implementation:
• Complete clearing of 200m
mud land
• Turn into beach by
covering sand
• Groyne will be build beside
both sides of beach
 prevent erosion and retain
sand
Fig.4 Location of Lung Mei

17. 1. Destroy natural habitat (mud land and wetland)
• Life threats to existing animal
* especially for crustacean (shrimp, shells) with low
mobility
• Affect ecosystem
biodiversity 
mangroves and species in Ting Kok SSSI may also be
affected as the water flow is altered by the barriers
(less nutrients/ planktons brought by sea current)

18. 2. Water pollution
• Reclamation (building
supporting facilities and
barriers)
 Noise pollution from
construction work + water
pollution from fill materials
 water turbid ; visibility
Threaten wildlife when
sewage flow to Ting Kok
• Building of groyne further
prevent pollutants to be brought
away
∵ Water quality is LOW
- Geographical factor ( Bay inside a Bay)
- Pollutants from nearby fish farm and pre-
existing fill sites (<500m apart)
 Fill site: abnormally high level
of heavy metal
e.g. Lead and Copper
 Even more difficult with the
building of groyne as it discourage
erosion
Fig. 5 Bay inside bay and pollutants

19. Measures taken by the government:
1. Ecological compensation:
Relocate the affected organisms to East Ting Kok for preservation
Fig. 6 Mollusca: Jellyfish
 Not effective
- Not all kind of species can be moved
( only 20 endangered species)
- Most of the species in Lung Mei can be
easily die during the relocation
- species may fail to adapt to new
environment and die after the relocation
- competition between organisms in Ting
Kok and Lung Mei may alter the ecosystem
Not Sustainable

20. Eco Pool Floating Pool
First in Asia
Lower cost (130 million)
Shorter time required
(4yrs)
Glass separating
swimmers and marine
organisms
Lung Mei Beach
Higher cost (280 million)
Longer time required
(≥5yrs)

21. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5zjYEf_3lUo
(1:35)

22. • Total planning area: over 320 hectares
(covering the ex-airport site, adjoining districts of
Kowloon City, Wong Tai Sin and Kwun Tong)
• comprises government, institution and community
facilities, residential and commercial areas and an
extensive open space network
• provide quality living environment for around 86 000
residents

24. Fig. 7
Development
plan of Kai
Tak

26. 1. Transportation
increase accessibility
attract more tourists
boost tourism
increase revenue
a. Cruise Terminal
• $ 2,300 million
• construction of seawall, apron area (including piled
structures, mooring and fender systems)
• dredging of adjoining sea bed
Fig. 8 Kai Tak cruise terminal
Positive

27. b. Shatin-to-Central Link
• traverse several districts
• serve the New Territories,
Kowloon and Hong Kong
Island
• comprises two parts: Tai
Wai to Hung Hom Section
& Hung Hom to Admiralty
Section
• Total length: 17 km
c. Trunk Road T2
connect Kai Tak
Development area and Cha
Kwo Ling in Kwun Tong
• cost: about $8.2 billion
• approximately 3.6 km
• connecting the Central
Kowloon Route (CKR) and
Tseung Kwan O-Lam Tin
Tunnel (TKO-LT Tunnel)
Fig. 9
Shatin-to-
Cental
Link
Positive

28. 2. Tourism
attract tourists
tourists’ expenditure 
boost local economy
a. Tourism Node (旅遊點)
b. Metro Park(都會公園)
• 24 hectares
c. Multi-purpose Stadium Complex(多用途體育館)
• better support high-performance athletes in Hong
Kong
• provide facilities for a wide range of sports,
entertainment, cultural and community events
Positive

29. • 23.2 hectares
• connected to Metro Park
• HK$5 billion
• 70,000 seats
• includes a retractable roof to minimize the
impact of noise from the venue
Fig. 10&11 Multi-purpose Stadium Complex

30. Sustainable
☺

32. 1. Heritage Preservation
– Lung Tsun Stone Bridge
• History of 137 years
• Landing-pier linking to
Kowloon Walled City
• In-situ preservation
(原址保存)
Fig. 12 Proposed Preservation Plan
Positive

33. 2. Transportation
• Existing road network
e.g. Kai Tak Tunnel, Kwun Tong Bypass
• Future road advancement
e.g. Shatin-to-Central Link, East-to-West Route
6
High Accessibility
3. Comprehensive community facilities
e.g. wet market, kindergartens, Neigbourhood
Elderly Centre, etc.
• Basketball court and football pitch are
situated at breezeway
 Better cooling
Positive

34. Fig. 13 Kai
Tak Land
Use Zoning
Sustainable
☺

36. 1. Improving water quality of Kai Tak
Nullah
 changing Kai Tak Nullah to Kai Tak
River for recreational purpose
 by biological treatment (bacteria
using anerobic respiration) (Fig. 14)
 different waterways to transfer
water and prevent silting (Fig.15)
Fig. 14 In-situ
Bioremediation
Fig.15 Types
of waterways
Positive

37. 2. prevent pollution
a. water pollution:
 no reclammation is required in the project
 preventing pollution from reclammation like
making water turbid
 aquatic organisms can continue to live
Fig. 16 Reclamation Area
Positive

38. b. air pollution:
mass transit railway is use as the major transport means
- Kaitak Monotrail (Fig. 17)
 lower pollutants emit from road transport (So2 and Co2)
 ensure roadside air quality
 Adapt district cooling system
 water are cooled in Central system and transfer through
underground pipe
 conserve 35% electricity ---> decrease pollutants from
powerplants
 Central cooling system is far away from household
(prevent noise pollution and heat pollution)
Positive

39. 3. better building design
buildings are build in sloping form to retain natural
ridgeline
pavements are prohibited
 buildings are at least 10 M apart to prevent blockage of
wind and air
 eco design are adapted
4. providing adequate green areas
 100 hectares in total (1/3 OF TOTAL)
 Metro Park as the biggest park , size of 1.5 times of
Victoria Park
 serve as "green lung" of the area
 plants can help improving air quality by
filtering polluted air
Positive

40. 1. water pollution
water pollution may arised by the construction of
Kai Tak Pier
 during construction, tredging is needed to lower
the seabed and increase the campacity of pier
However, tredging may stir up the heavy polluted
sediments in the Victoria Harbour
- This may cause water pollution
Sustainable
Negative