Nanotechnology refers to the manipulation of matter at the atomic and molecular scale. It promises faster, smaller, and more energy efficient computers through the use of carbon nanotubes to replace silicon transistors. This could lead to computers that are twice as fast but half the size within the next decade. Other applications of nanotechnology in computing include using quantum dots for quantum computing, DNA logic gates for DNA computing, and non-volatile RAM to allow for more portable devices without backup batteries. Overall, nanotechnology has the potential to revolutionize computing through the development of new nanomaterials and fabrication techniques at the atomic scale.

1. Nanotechnology and It’s Impact on
Modern Computer
By Farah Al-Tufaili
Kufa University – College of computer science and
mathematics

2. DEFINITION
Nanotechnology : It is defined as theengineering of functional systems
at the molecularscale.
OR
Nanotechnology refers to the manipulation of matter on an atomic
and molecular scale.
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3. WHY SHOULD YOU KNOW SOMETHING
ABOUT NANOTECHNOLOGY?
The National Science Foundation
estimates that by the year 2015 there
will be a need for 2 million workers
worldwide in the fields of nanoscience
and nanotechnology.
An additional 5 million workers will be
needed in support areas for these fields.
By 2015, nanotechnology is expected to
be a $3 trillion “industry”
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4. SIZE MATTERS
How Big is a Nano?
– Nano = 1 billionth;100,000 x’s smaller
than the diameter of a human hair.
Examples of Nanoscale
– A cubic micron of water contains
about 90 billion atoms. A micron is
one thousandth of a millimeter, and a
thousand times larger than a
nanometer.
– Another way to visualize a
nanometer:
1 inch = 25,400,000 nanometers
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5. SCALE OF THINGS—NANOMETERS
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6. BRIEF HISTORY
The concepts of nanotechnology are not new to nature or to mankind. An early
example of a manmade nanoprocess is stained glass.
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Stained glass windows. Picture of gold nano particles.

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BRIEF HISTORY, CONTINUED
Tokyo Science University.
Birth of Nanotechnology
• Professor Taniguchi of Tokyo Science
University used the word “nanotechnology” to
describe the science and technology of
processing or building parts with nanometric
tolerances.
Equivalent Units

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NANOTECHNOLOGY IS NOT NEW!
Cold nanoparticles in glass are reflected as red
Ancient stained-glass makers knew if they put finely ground gold or silver in the
glass they would get beautiful colors. They used nanosized gold and silver
particles. Optical properties change with the nanoscale.

9. NANOFABRICATION
• Top-down nanofabrication – start with large
material and bring it down to the nanoscale
• Bottom-up nanofabrication – start with
individual atoms and build upwards to make a
nanostructure
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10. What Are Some Applications Of
Nanotechnology?
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11. Medicine (Diagnostic,
Drug delivery, tissue
engineering)
Example:
1. Azithromycin or
Zithromax
2. SunScreen
3. SuspensionsNano
to NanoParticles
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Quantum dots are
semiconducting
nanocrystals that
can enhance
biological imaging
for medical
diagnostics.

12. Information and
communication
(memory
storage,
novel
semiconductor
devices, novel
optoelectronic
devices,
quantum
computers)
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Nanotechnology in Iraq
• Nanoscale dimensions are now employed in the oil and gas
industry as well as various other industries to produce
seamless objects which possess enhanced properties
• On 14 December 2011, the Iraqi Ministry Defense announced
that it has started using nanotechnology in military
applications as well as security.
• Nanotechnology holds positive prospects in different fields
including clothing, food packaging, disinfectants, sunscreens,
cosmetics, appliances, textiles, fuel catalysts and so forth.

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NANOTECHNOLOGY IN IRAQ, Continued
• The Iraq’s Ministry of Industry and Minerals has created a new
department which specializes in nanotechnology.
• The role of this department is to provide information and
ideas to researches in the country and also those abroad.
• 8 research centers in the Directorate and these research
centers are in various industrial fields which include
petrochemicals, energy, textiles, packing, pharmaceuticals
and environment.

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Opportunities and Challenges in Iraq
• Iraq went through protruded conflicts and stagnation, but this
has opened up economic opportunities to the country.
• Lots of factors sum to make Iraq a wonderful business and
investment destination for foreign investors.
• Although the country is opened up for investment, there are
lots of challenges facing Iraq.

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Opportunities and Challenges in Iraq
Opportunities:
The government’s Five-Year National Plan between 2010 and 2014 targets an annual
economic growth rate of 9.4 percent and an investment of US$186 billion.
Challenges:
Of course, there are few challenges to doing business in Iraq especially as Iraq has been
ranked among the worst places to do business on earth. A few of these challenges include:
 Security
 Corruption
 Lack of transparencies with government
 Unequipped banking system
 Issues with the Intellectual Property Rights (IPR)
 Undeveloped arbitration law
 Internal dispute over oil rights with the autonomous Kurdistan Regional Government
and so forth.

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ADVANTAGE AND DISADVANTAGE OF
NANOTECHNOLOGY
• Advantages
o Reduced energy use
o Better medical treatment
o Lower costs for computing
• Disadvantages
o Environmental risks
o Privacy risks

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ELECTRONICS AND INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS
Nanotechnology is already in use in many computing,
communications, and other electronics applications. These
continuously evolving applications include:
 Nanoscale transistors
 Magnetic random access memory (MRAM)
 Displays for many new
 Other computing and electronic products

20. WHY WE USE NANOTECHNOLOGY
IN COMPUTER?
• The extensive use of computer and its wide application in the modern
world have forced the researchers to improve and manufacture a
smaller, faster and a more reliable computer.
• This objective can be fulfilled by nanotechnology.
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21. FASTER COMPUTERS WITH NANOTECHNOLOGY
The silicon transistors in your computer may be replaced in ten years
by transistors based on carbon nanotubes.
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22. IMPACT ON MODERN COMPUTER
• Faster and smaller: by replacing silicon transistor with transistor base on
nanotubes we will get faster, smaller and less energy consuming computers.
• Increase the speed: The most common semiconductor material in transistors is
silicon, since it is cheap and easy to process. But silicon has its limitations. By
exchanging the silicon in the channel for a carbon nanotube, the transistors can
be made both smaller and faster than today's transistors.
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23. 1- CARBON NANOTUBES
It is a tube shaped carbon material that
is measured in nanometre scales.
With the advancement of
nanofabrication technique, researchers
used this material to create electronic
components like transistors, diodes,
relays and logic gates.
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24. 2- QUANTUM DOTS
Quantum dots are crystals that emit only one
wavelength of light when the electrons are
excited. It is a new material made by bottom
up method of nanofabrication.
In future quantum dots could be used as
quantum bits and to form the basis of
quantum computers.
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25. 3- DNA COMPUTING
DNA computing uses biological materials like
DNA, biochemistry and molecular biology, in
place of traditional silicon-based computer
technology. Biomolecular computing or DNA
computing is a fast developing area,
research is going on to better understand
the theory, experiments, applications of DNA
computing.
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26. 3- DNA COMPUTING
It is an approach to nanocomputers. DNA
computing uses bottom up approach or
method to make DNA molecules and DNA
logic gates.
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27. 4- NVRAM (Non Volatile RAM)
Is computer memory that can get back stored
information even when not powered. Examples of
non-volatile memory include read-only memory,
flash memory, ferroelectric RAM.
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28. 4- NVRAM (Non Volatile RAM) , CONTINUED
Using NVRAM laptop computers would no longer
need back up batteries, permitting them to be
made still smaller and lighter. This achievement of
nanotechnology is considered as a long –standing
dream of the computer industry.
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29. FUTURE PREDICTIONS OF
NANOTECHNOLOGY
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Thank you for
listening