3. Contents of this presentation
• Introduction: Open Access@UU
• Basics of Open Access, pro’s and cons
• What can a NIOZ researcher do?
• Questions?
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4. Open Access@UU
• University Board in favour of OA
Strategic plan Utrecht University 2012-2016
“The University will make vigorous efforts to continue
Open Access experiments aimed at offering online
access to scientific information”
• Execution of OA delegated to Utrecht University
Library
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6. About the repository service
Prof. dr. M.A.P. Bovens
Director Utrecht School of Governance
“The repository is one of the best and most efficient
ways to give others access to the work you have
published.”
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9. About the publishing service
Prof. dr. Tine de Moor
Founder International Journal of the Commons
“The partnership with UBU is invaluable for Open
Access publishing. With the professional support of
Open Access Journals, UBU is making a constructive
contribution towards the science of tomorrow.”
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10. Open Access funds UU
• Launched on June 1 2012
• Temporary funds, 2 years ,50.000 euro a year
• 50% reimbursement
• Only meant for publications in full OA journals
(DOAJ)
• Also for books, part of books
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11. Research data
• Dutch Dataverse Network launched 2011
• for researchers and lecturers of universities in
the Netherlands. This service makes it possible
to store a wide variety of scientific data (texts
and raw research data, but also video material
and complete databases) in an online
environment, safely and sustainably
• the researchers themselves determine who
gets access to what data
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14. Trends in publishing
• The journal is online. A growing part of scientific
material is online available
• New methods of publishing (preprint-archives,
repositories, blogs, social media etc) beside existing
methods (books, journals etc.)
• Wish to reach a wider audience, as fast as possible
• Wish (sometimes even a requirement) to publish in
high-ranked journals
• Growing pressure to publish also research data
(funders, society)
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15. What is OA?
“By open access, we mean its immediate, free
availability on the public internet, permitting any
users to read, download, copy, distribute, print,
search or link to the full text of these articles,
crawl them for indexing, pass them as data to
software or use them for any other lawful
purpose…” (The Budapest Open Access Initiative)
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16. Why Open Access?
• OA fosters science by increasing visibility, soliciting
broader discussion and citation of published research
• OA fosters the economy by easier access for small
companies
• OA create goodwill for science among the general
public
• OA reduce costs (in some models)
• OA fosters science and education by making re-use
easier (replication, data-sharing)
• Sometimes OA is a requirement by funding bodies
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17. 2 roads to OA
1) The Golden route
- full Open Access journals
- hybrid (Open Choice) journals
2) The Green route: repositories
- institutional repositories
- subject repositories (f.i. ArXiv)
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20. International discussion:
Green or Gold?
Peer Project
•Author self-archiving alone is
unlikely to generate a critical mass of
Green OA content
Finch report:
•Gold Open Access is the future
•Green OA would be for grey
literature, theses
Houghton and Swan
•World will not go Gold OA overnight
for the short to medium term
•Green route is more cost effective
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22. “Fifty shades” of open access …..
Type Subtype Who pays?
Gold “Diamond” Institution (subsidy)
Gold Gold, not for profit Author (fee)
Gold Gold, for profit Author (fee)
Gold Hybrid gold, for profit
Author (fee)
+ Library (subscription)
Green Last author version
in
repository (embargo’s)
Library (subscription)
Green Pre-prints Library (subscription)
Green Working papers Working paper archive
(institutional subsidy)
Green “Black” (sharing
against copyright)
Publisher
23. Common option 1
Hybrid Gold OA, for profit
• + Pay to read → pay to publish
• + Offered by most commercial publishers (e.g.
Sage Open, Springer Open Choice, ...)
• - no short term reduction in subscription prices
• - extra costs
• - expensive for research intensive universities
• - wrong incentives for publishers?
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24. Common option 2:
Green OA by depositing
embargoed last author version in
repository
• Embargo periods vary: 0-24 months
• - no reduction of subscription prices
• - No shift of payment
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25. Effects of models compared to subscription paywall
Model:
Effects on:
Gold-PF:
•Profit
•full OA
Gold-PH:
•Profit
•hybrid OA
Gold-NP:
•non-profit
Green Pre-prints /
working
papers
Cost
reduction
- (res. univ.)
+ (teach
univ.)
- + 0 +/-
Public
availability
of research
++ + ++ + +
Citability + + + +/- +
Speed 0 0 0 0 ++
Re-use
rights (CC)
depends on publisher
license
+ +/- +
26. Overview of 48 funders’
requirements
• In 2013 SPARC has analyzed 48 mandatory funder
policies listed in the ROARMAP registry
(http://roarmap.eprints.org) according to which routes
to OA the policy specifies.
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Green
(repository-
based) OA
required
Either Green or
Gold routes
satisfy policy
requirements
Gold (journals)
preferred where
available
33 14 1
27. EU policy
• FP7 Clause 39:
– Deposit in repository (institutional or OpenAire):
“beneficiaries shall deposit an electronic copy of
the published version or the final manuscript
accepted for publication”
– Make “best efforts” to have it available in OA within
(12) months
– Thus publish:
• Gold OA
• Green OA, i.e. with publishers that allow depositing in
repositories (blue or green in Sherpa/Romeo)
• Horizon 2020 (from 2014): gold OR green
• Horizon2020: Open Access verplicht voor al
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28. Publisher’s green OA policies
• Overview on Sherpa/Romeo site
– a selection for geosciences & geography:
Publisher author’s
original
accepted manuscript, after
PR but unformatted
published version
AGU 6 m. embargo
Cambridge UP 12 m. embargo
Elsevier Science 12-24 m. embargo x
Nature PG 6 m. embargo x
Oxford UP 24 m. embargo x
Pion 12 m. embargo x
Sage 12 m. embargo x
Springer x
Taylor & Francis 12-18 m. embargo x
Wiley (Blackwell) 0-24 m. embargo x
30. Who’s doing what?
Funders
-Mandates
-repositories
Trad. Publishers
-Allowing green
-Gold jnls, APC
Libraries
-Repositories
-Consultancy
-OA publishing
Universities
-OA stance
-OA funds
-Researcher profiles
Learned
societies
- Lobby with publishers
New OA publishers
-New journals
-New publ concepts
YOU
31. You as a NIOZ researcher can
• Submit papers to OA journals (using funds
from EU, NWO)
• Deposit author versions in a repository (if
already available)
• Share through ResearchGate or Mendeley
• Press publishers, refuse to hand over
copyright, use CC-by license
• As editor’s think about your role
• Start a new OA journal
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32. Directory of OA Journals
• Made by Lund University Library, currently led
by IS4OA
• Almost exhaustive, not very selective
• As yet no indication of
– peer review
– indexing in e.g. Scopus, WoS
34. Predatory publishers
• John Beall’s list of >300 predatory publishers:
• OASPA code of conduct, 55 publishers
• Columbia University Libraries 'How do you know
a journal is legitimate'.
• How to check for scamminess:
– Editorial boards
– Start year
– DOAJ list
35. Open Access books
• Some predatory/questionable publishers
• Not always agreements with Google Books for
indexing
• DOAB: directory of open access books
• Examples:
37. Resuming: OA, what’s in it for you?
• OA gives more people access to (publicly
funded) science
• OA gives your work greater visibility and
exposure
• OA increases the chance of your work being
cited (See Wagner 2010 bibliography of OA
citation advantage http://www.istl.org/10-
winter/article2.html)
Targets In 2014 hebben alle EU lidstaten beleid over Open Access voor publicaties én data In 2016: 60% OA voor publicaties
It is clear that open access articles are downloaded far more than toll access articles. Studies indicate this download advantage is easily 100% over toll access articles. It seems unlikely such a large download advantage would not to some degree eventually influence the number of citations. Note that many studies showed an OA advantage merely by reserving the right to mount their preprint or postprint to a repository or web site. Publication in an open access journal (Gold OA) apparently is not required to get a significant OA citation advantage.
