GS1/Oliot LLRP and next

Jun. 25, 2014
Auto-ID Labs, KAIST
Dept. of Computer Science, KAIST
GS1/Oliot LLRP: ELFIN
Enhanced LLRP-enabling Framework
for the INternet of Things
Sehyeon Heo
vehumet@gmail.com, http://oliot.org, http://autoidlab.kaist.ac.kr, http://resl.kaist.ac.kr http://autoidlabs.org http://gs1.org

© Auto-ID Lab Korea / KAIST
Slide 2
 Introduction
 Low Level Reader Protocol (LLRP)
 ELFIN System Architecture
 LLRP Next & Future Work
Contents

Slide 3
Things
Connectivity
Acquisition
Protocol
Platform
Introduction
*RFID
CoAP
How things are collected and utilized?
LLRP

Slide 4
Introduction
Things
Connectivity
Acquisition
Protocol
Platform
Adopted from LLRP 1.1 Specification
In case of
*Filtering &
Collection
LLRP
C1G2
TDS(EPC)
ALE
EPCIS
etc.
*Application
Level Event

Slide 5
 Introduction

Slide 6
Low Level Reader Protocol (LLRP)
- What is Electronic Product Code (EPC)?
Reference:
http://www.slideshare.net
/cpqd/i-international-
workshop-rfid-and-iot-
dia-19-delivering-value-
through-gs1-ep-cglobal-
standards-wilson

Slide 7
 LLRP is a protocol between ALE Server and RFID Reader
– Defines control of RFID readers up to low level details of RFID
– Defines inventory, read, write, and other access commands for tags
– Defines capabilities of reader device
– Defines status reporting and error handling
- Overview
ALE Server
(LLRP Client)
RFID Reader
(LLRP Server)
Tag Operation
RF Link Control
Capability Discovery
Status Report &
Error Handling
RFID Tags
Inventory
Read
Write
Kill, Lock, etc.

Slide 8
 Every product has attached RFID tag
– Every RFID tag is distinguishable based on the residing EPC code
 ALE Server registers commands named ROSpec to RFID Reader
 RFID Reader reads tags in FOV(field-of-view) of its antennas and
sends reports to ALE Server, based on the ROSpec
- Tag Operations
RFID Reader
Product
RFID tag
containing
EPC code
ALE Server
To upper layer
of EPCglobal

Slide 9
 ROSpec (Reader Operation Spec)
– Operations to be executed at one or more
antennas of the reader
– Composed of one or more AISpecs and other
parameters (e.g. triggers, report format, etc.)
 AISpec (Antenna Inventory Spec)
– The smallest unit of interaction between a
reader and tags in the antenna’s FOV
 AccessSpec (Access Operation Spec)
– Describes target tags and the operations to be
performed (read, write, lock, etc. for the
memory banks of the tag)
– Executed during the Antenna Inventory
- Tag Operations
ROSpec
AISpecAISpec
AccessSpec
AccessSpec
AccessSpec
AccessSpec
AccessSpec
AccessSpec
Simplified Runtime of ROSpec
time

Slide 10
- Tag Operations
Typical LLRP Runtime Timeline (adopted from LLRP 1.1 standard)

Slide 11
- Tag Operations
AccessSpec #2
ROSpec: 1
TagSpec: MB1, ends with 0001
OpSpec: READ, MB3, all
AccessSpec #1
ROSpec: 1
TagSpec: MB1, starts with 3501
OpSpec: WRITE, MB3, offset 0, ABCD
AISpec #1
AntennaID: 1 2 3
StopTrigger: Tag Observation, upon seeing 5 tag observations
InventortParameterSpec: Protocol C1G2, some antenna configurations
ROSpec
StartTrigger: GPI, port 1, high
StopTrigger: GPI, port 1, low
ROReportSpec: Accumulate report upon 5 TagReportData or end of ROSpec
RO_ACCESS_REPORT
TagReportData #1 {
EPCData: 3500 0203 0405 0607 0809 0001
AntennaID: 2
SpecIndex: AISpec #1
AccessSpecID: AccessSpec #2
OpSpecResult: ABCD EF01 2345 6789 ...
...
}
TagReportData #2 ...
Example of single ROSpec
Example of single RO_ACCESS_REPORT
Example of AccessSpecs

Slide 12
 Introduction

Slide 13
 What is ELFIN?
– Enhanced LLRP-enabling Framework for the INternet of Things
– Targets LLRP 1.1 conformance reader implementation
 Framework for collecting real-world environment to virtual-world
 Converts any kinds of tag readers to LLRP-conformance reader
– Legacy non-LLRP RFID reader
– Gateway of sensor network
– Home server containing thing registry
 Extends current standard for the requirements of IoT scenarios
 And it will go public as open-source project soon!
– More extensions can be up to you 
ELFIN System Architecture

Slide 14
 Core Operational Component
– Core operations of LLRP and other supplementary operations
 Structural Abstraction Component
– Abstracts the structure of the real-world reader
– Useful for extension of current LLRP standard
 Communicational Abstraction Component
– Abstracts the communication with the real-world reader
– Useful for supporting various kinds of Tag Readers
 Messaging Component
– Abstracts LLRP messaging between reader and ALE server
 Detailed information about ELFIN would be opened as online document soon

Slide 15
- Enhanced Feature Example
Preemption, Priority(1) < Priority(2)No preemption, FIFO
Conventional mechanism, only single ROSpec at once

Slide 16
- Enhanced Feature Example
Proposed mechanism, support multiple ROSpecs

Slide 17
- Test & Analysis
TCR Testcase Name P/F Remarks
TCR-R1 TCP Connections PASS
TCR-R2 Protocol Version Management N/A Out of Scope
TCR-R3 Get Reader Capabilities PASS
TCR-R4 Custom Messages and Custom Parameters N/A Out of Scope
TCR-R5 Errors PASS
TCR-R6 Read Operations and Reporting PASS
TCR-R7 Read Operations in Loop PASS
TCR-R8 Access Operations and Reporting PASS
TCR-R9 Tag Observations, Count-based Triggering PASS
TCR-R10 Immediate Triggering PASS
TCR-R11 AISpec Stop Trigger N/A Covered by TCR-R8
TCR-R12 Omitted in LLRP 1.1 Conformance Document N/A Omitted
TCR-R13 Polled Reporting N/A Optional feature
TCR-R14 Keepalives PASS
TCR-R15 Lock and Kill Access Operations N/A Out of scope
 LLRP 1.1 Conformance Test

Slide 18
 ELFIN Reader Performance Test
– ELFIN Reader (emulator mode) on Raspberry Pi
- Test & Analysis
1(Antenna) 5 10 20 50 100
100 (Tags) 78.40(ms) 133.00 78.40 20.00 105.80 77.20
200 150.40 266.00 146.60 168.20 131.60 154.40
250 188.00 195.00 183.25 - 164.50 -
400 291.84 256.80 260.80 265.80 263.20 270.40
500 364.80 321.00 326.00 293.90 329.00 338.00
1000 609.55 742.00 781.60 587.80 714.00 676.00
2000 1219.10 1306.08 1569.60 1390.40 1284.32 1239.80
2500 1523.88 1632.60 1502.50 1537.00 1605.40 1492.13
4000 2438.20 2476.20 2404.00 2459.20 2295.60 2387.40
5000 3273.20 3061.20 3213.00 3154.00 3210.20 2920.20
This is the constant of Raspberry Pi
Overall tag processing time linearly depends on the number of tags

Slide 19
 Introduction

Slide 20
 EPCglobal was originally designed for supply chain
– RFID readers and antennas are expected to be stable and fixed
– Scope of user is limited as business stakeholders
 But in IoT world, following problems may happen:
– Antennas may suddenly vanish or show up (e.g. sensor network)
– Many users may simultaneously request different types of data
LLRP Next & Future Work
- Motivation
Enterprise
Users
Supply
Chain
Conventional Scenario Internet of Things Scenario
Image source:
http://www.summitdata.com/blog/
google-in-the-running-for-the-
connected-world/

Slide 21
Things
Connectivity
Acquisition
Protocol
Platform
- Support for various things and connectivity
Why should we use only RFID for EPCglobal?
- this was started from EPC Sensor Network
*RFID
CoAP
LLRP

Slide 22
 Communicational Abstraction Component
– Abstracts the communication with the real-world reader
– Useful for supporting various kinds of Tag Readers
– We already implemented two kinds of this
 Legacy RFID Reader
 SNAIL(6LoWPAN) Gateway

Slide 23
 6LoWPAN Sensor Network Adaptation
(Performed as a part of EU IoT6 Project)
Test Server Machine
Raspberry Pi
(Embedded Linux, ELFIN)
SNAIL Node
(6LoWPAN)
SNAIL Node
(6LoWPAN)

Slide 24
 Test Environment
– ELFIN Reader: Raspberry Pi, 6LoWPAN adaptation mode
– Node 1: SNAIL node, Antenna/Gateway role, Wired to Raspberry Pi.
– Node 2: SNAIL node, Antenna role, Wirelessly connected to Node 1
– Node 3: SNAIL node, Tag role, Wirelessly connected to Node 1, 2
ELFIN Reader
(Raspberry Pi)
6LoWPAN Node 1
(SNAIL Node)
6LoWPAN Node 2
(SNAIL Node)
6LoWPAN Node 3
(SNAIL Node) Detected tag is shown in the log of ELFIN Reader
Test EPC of the SNAIL Node
SNAIL Antenna which detected Tag Node

Slide 25
 Legacy RFID Reader Adaptation
(Performed as a part of Grocery Trace Framework Project)
Test Server Machine
(Embedded Linux, ELFIN) Fridge Board
(non-LLRP) RFID Reader Board
RFID Antenna
RFID Tags

Slide 26
RFID Reader/Antennas

Slide 27
Things
Connectivity
Acquisition
Protocol
Platform
- Support for various protocols
We still have other options for acquisition protocols
*RFID
CoAP
LLRP

Slide 28
Things
Connectivity
Acquisition
Protocol
Platform
Adopted from LLRP 1.1 Specification
*Filtering &
Collection
LLRP
C1G2
TDS(EPC)
ALE
EPCIS
etc.
*Application
Level Event
We can collect and utilize anything, if they have GS1 Code
It is just there, and why don’t we use it?

Slide 29
 AllJoyn Case
– Include EPC to the UUID of the product?
– ELFIN + AllJoyn  LLRP-enabled AllJoyn Device Reader
 MQTT Case
– Include EPC to Client Identifier of MQTT CONNECT message?
– ELFIN + MQTT  LLRP-enabled MQTT Device Reader
– Or, we can just connect MQTT Device directly to ALE server
 Any things can be distinguished and utilized with GS1 Code
 You can also implement your own idea to collaborate with us

Slide 30
Q & A

GS1/Oliot LLRP and next

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