Confined Space Entry

1. Confined Space Entry

2. 2
Confined space training is aimed at creating
awareness for all workers who may have to work in
confined spaces in the execution of their duties.
This training sets out efficient standard and safe
methods through which work can be carried out and
to reduce to as low as possible all envisaged
hazards
Introduction

3. 3
A quick entry in to the pipe to check the back weld
on the joint without permit and gas test claimed the
welder’s life… What went wrong?
SAKHALIN LNG PHASE 2 PROJECT 2006-07-23

4. 4
A confined space is any enclosed or partially
enclosed space located either above or below
ground or deck level where entry is possible and
where there is a risk of oxygen deficiency or
enrichment, or the accumulation of dust or gases
which are flammable or hazardous to a person’s
health or where there may be other physical
hazards.
What is a Confined Space?

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Criteria
⚫ Large enough to enter and perform work
⚫ Has limited or restricted access and
egress
⚫ Not designed for continuous human
occupancy

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⚫ Vaults
⚫ Pipes
⚫ Boilers
⚫ Furnaces
⚫ Silos
⚫ Ducts
Examples Of Confined Spaces

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⚫ Tanks
⚫ Manholes
⚫ Pits
⚫ Tunnels
⚫ Sewers
⚫ Trenches
Examples Of Confined Spaces

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Entry into these, or any
other , confined spaces
refers not only to
complete body entry but
also to partial entry when
the head is inserted into
the confined space
through a manhole or
other opening

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Entry into a confined space must only be carried out
when it is absolutely essential with the following
controls
⚫ Review of entry permit
⚫ Familiarize personnel with confined space hazards
⚫ Train personnel on safeguards and test equipment
⚫ Provision of qualified and authorize supervision
⚫ Establish emergency plan and training
Entry Procedures

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Supervisor:
⚫ To assure adequate protection is provided to the
entrants by verifying adequate lockout/tagout and
that all hazards are securely isolated
⚫ To support attendant’s authority in controlling
access to a confined space
⚫ To verify that all personnel have exited prior to
closing the space
⚫ To assure that all personnel involved are aware
of the hazards associated with the space
⚫ Health & safety requirements
⚫ Familiar with the Confined Space Entry
Procedure and Emergency Plan
⚫ Rescue Services are available prior to entry
Responsibilities

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Attendants/hole watch:
⚫ Checking personnel in/out of confined
space.
⚫ To be alert always, never leaving duty
post until work is completed
⚫ Maintaining contact (visual, verbal, tag
line, whistle).
⚫ Establish and agree with personnel,
an emergency signal for evacuation
⚫ Ability to summon help through radio,
phone for rescue, medical help
Responsibilities

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Attendant/hole watch
⚫ To assist physically any time
when necessary
⚫ To be fully aware that his entry
is not permitted whatsoever
⚫ To be familiar with the use of
self contained breathing
apparatus, First aid kit & other
rescue equipment on standby
Responsibilities
Rescue
Tripod
SCBA
First Aid kit &
Fire Extinguisher
Tag line
Ventilator

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Entrants:
⚫ To assure that the space has been
adequately ventilated, isolated,
emptied, or otherwise made safe for
entry.
⚫ To immediately exit a space, without
question, upon word of the attendant,
no matter what the reason.
⚫ To follow all safety rules and
procedures that apply to the job.
⚫ To be familiar with the work to be
performed and the procedures that
apply to the job.
⚫ To use the appropriate PPE whenever
necessary.
⚫ Must be completed the training
required prior to entry.
Responsibilities
AUTHORIZATION CARD
LNG Project
WORK AT CONFINED SPACE
Name: James Bond AC # 007
Company: Daewoo E&C
Date of Issue: 30/02/07
Issued by:____________
NOTE:
This Authorization Card permits to conduct
specified worksactivities only.
If lost or damaged report to Daewoo HSE
Department.
Reissue shall cost 3 USD and be born by the
bearer
DaewooE & C

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⚫ SCBA uses a source of breathable air
carried by the wearer. Although this
greatly enhances the mobility of the
wearer it limits the duration of
protection. At a moderate work rate,
using approximately 40 liters per
volume, most SCBA used in confined
space situations have a rated duration
of 30 to 60 minutes.
⚫ SCBA consist of the following: Face
piece, Breathing tube, Air supply tube,
Regulator, Exhalation valve, Air
Cylinder and valve.
Self Contained Breathing Apparatus

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Confined Space Hazards
Hazards associated with confined space are mainly:
⚫ Oxygen deficiency / enrichment
⚫ Fire & explosion
⚫ Chemical hazards / toxic atmospheres
⚫ Physical hazards & use of electrical equipment within the confined
space
⚫ Limited access into & egress from the confined space

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Pre-entry Consideration
Permit - Confined space permit must include;
⚫ Identification of job, location and hazards
⚫ Work commencement date
⚫ Permit revalidation
⚫ Frequency of Gas monitoring
⚫ All isolation required and other conditions
needed
⚫ Signature of all authorize persons
⚫ A copy of the approved permit must be
maintained at the work location

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Isolation
The confined space must be isolated from all
potential dangers such as ingress of fumes
by blinding, disconnectingor blanking all
lines connected to the confined space. A full
permit to work system must be used to
record the location and types of isolation, and
the hazards being guarded against.
Pre-entry Consideration
ISOLATION
WITH BLIND
BLINDING

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Ignition source
⚫ All possible sources of ignition must be
removed from the work area
⚫ Gas cylinders must NEVER be placed
INSIDE any confined space
Electrical / Hydraulic equipment
⚫ Any electrical/hydraulic driven
equipment must be de
energized/depressurized
⚫ Isolation must tagged/locked out
Pre-entry Consideration

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Heat stress
⚫ Work area must either be ventilated,
cooled or;
⚫ Two crews be assigned for alternate rest
periods
Radiation
⚫ Every source of radiation must either be
eliminated or
⚫ Shielded to avoid radioactive
contamination of the workplace
Pre-entry Consideration

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Testing and Monitoring
⚫ All confined spaces must
tested for O2 and other
gas before entry
⚫ At intervals. Frequency
must be documented on
permit
⚫ Testing, documentation to
be done by Qualified Gas
Tester
⚫ Personnel will only be
permitted when readings
are within limits.
Pre-entry Consideration
Always test the
air at various levels
to be sure that the
entire space is safe.
Good Air
Poor Air
Deadly Air
Good air near
the opening
does NOT
mean there is
good air at the
bottom!

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Pre-entry Consideration
Testing and Monitoring
Check for Oxygen Content:
At least 19.5% and less than
23.5%
Check for Combustibles:
Must be less than 10% of its
LEL
Check for Toxic Gasses:
Most commonly Carbon
Monoxide (PEL <35 ppm)
or any other hazardous
materials as determined by
the use of the space.
Any time a limit is exceeded,no matter
whatis the reason,all personnelshall
immediately exitthe space,and no one
shallenter until atmosphericconditions
are returned to safe levels.
WARNING:

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VENTILATION
Ventilation where
necessary must be by
either natural or
mechanical means
In case of flammable and
toxic vapors the space will
be force ventilated for
24hrs prior to entry
Such equipment must be
properly checked to be free
of contaminants
Pre-entry Consideration

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Personal Protective
Equipment
⚫ All necessary PPE must be
worn prior to entry and shall
be mandatory such Full body
harness with tag line and
SCBA if necessary.
Fire Protection
⚫ Appropriate fire prevention
measures must be in place
⚫ All combustible materials
must be removed from the
work area.
Pre-entry Consideration

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Illumination
⚫ Extra Low Voltage (ELV) lighting (less than
50 volts) power supply coming from Step
Down Transformer
⚫ Battery powered lighting
⚫ Hand held torches
⚫ Chemical light stick
⚫ Protective guards on lights/bulbs to prevent
breakage
Pre-entry Consideration

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Illumination
110~220v mobile or fixed lighting fixtures can only
be used subject to the following condition;
⚫ When low voltage is unable to illuminate work area
properly
⚫ Full isolation transformer with ELCB
⚫ Lighting fixtures that are double insulated
Pre-entry Consideration

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Electrical hand held tools & equipment:
Shall conform to the following:-
⚫ Full isolation step-down transformer
⚫ Battery operated
Special considerations :-
⚫ Explosion proof lighting, torches, tools & equipment are to
be used in potentially flammable areas
⚫ All cables are to be run through alternate opening and tied
up
⚫ If no alternate, use hand held torches
⚫ All transformers should be protected
NB: All transformers, ELCBs must remain outside the confined
space
Pre-entry Consideration

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Pre-entry Consideration
Access & Egress
Adequate access to and egress from
all confined spaces will be provided:
⚫ Ladders
⚫ Scaffold or
⚫ Purpose made access platforms.
The confined space working area
will be organized in such a manner
as to provide as much unhindered
work space as practicable

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Pre-entry Consideration
Selection of Personnel
⚫ All personnel selected to enter any
confined environment must be
trained including the attendant/hole
watch
⚫ They must be conversant with the
operation of all emergency
equipment
Unauthorised Entry
⚫ All entrants shall sign the sign in log
when entering the space and sign out
when exiting.
Sign
here

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Permit To Work
⚫ HSE supervisor must be satisfied that
the gas test revealed no presence of
combustible/toxic gas
⚫ Every entry into a confined space must
be by permit to work system
⚫ Permit issuer must satisfied that all
necessary precautions have been taken
and provisions made to secure the
safety of those entering the confined
space before signing the PTW
⚫ The signed PTW thus gives an
assurance that work may safely take
place
CONFINED
SPACE
ENTRY
PERMIT
DANGER
CONFINED
SPACE PERMIT
REQUIRED

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⚫ Toxic gases and oxygen content shall be
between >19.5% and <23.5%
⚫ All other safety provisions such as hole watch, lifelines,
adequate ventilation, communication, standby rescue
equipment shall be provided.
⚫ All personnel must attend the required training program,
fully understood the entire confined space entry
procedure
⚫ Other permit may be needed in working inside confined
space (e.g. Hotwork Permit, Cold work permit, etc…)
Permit To Work

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Rescue Equipment
⚫ Every person entering the
confined space wearing
breathing apparatus must
also wear a safety
harness
⚫ The harness must be
attached to a life line
⚫ Life line is attended to by
a person outside the
confined pace

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Rescue
⚫ The arrangements for the rescue of
persons in the event of an
emergency need to be suitable and
sufficient.
⚫ The arrangements should be in
place before any persons enter or
work in a confined space
⚫ If a person is injured in a confined
space which has been certified
safe to enter without respiratory
protection, an entry can be made to
rescue and remove them straight
away.
Rescue

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Summary
Safety in a confined space can only be achieved by;
• Use of a permit to work system
• Proper implementation of
Confined Space Procedure
• Hazards are identified and corrected
• Proper tools & Equipment is utilized
• Proper Supervision
GO OUT IN THAT SPACE SAFE
FOLLOW SAFETY PROCEDURE