SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 8
ONLINE ASSIGNMENT
ʴɹɪÉ:- +ʦÉGòʨÉiÉÉxÉÖnäù¶ÉxɨÉÂ
(Programmed Learning)
Submitted by
GREESHMA. P.V
Roll no. 4
Sanskrit Optional
G.C.T.E, Thycaud
+ʦÉGòʨÉiÉÉxÉÖnäù¶ÉxɨÉÂ(Programmed Learning)
|ÉÉä.¤ÉÒ.ªÉÆ¡ò. κEòzÉ®Âú ¨É½þÉänùªÉ& +ÊvÉMɨɺªÉ ʴɹɪÉä
º´ÉªÉ¨ÉÖ{ɺlÉÉÊ{ÉiɺªÉ "´ªÉ´É½þÉ®úÊxɤÉxvÉxÉʺÉrùÉxiɺªÉ'
(Operant Conditioning Theory) +ÉvÉÉ®äúhÉ xÉ´ÉÒxÉÉÆ
º´ÉʶÉIÉhÉ{ÉrùÊiɨÉ "+ʦÉGòʨÉiÉÉxÉÖnäù¶ÉxɨÉÂ'
(Programmed Learning) <ÊiÉ xÉɨxÉÉ |ÉʺÉrù¨ÉÂ
+ÉʴɶSÉEòÉ®ú*
+ʦÉGòʨÉiÉÉxÉÖnäù¶ÉxɺªÉ+lÉÇ&*
κ¨ÉiÉ ¨ÉÚ®äú SÉ (Smith and Moore)
+ʦÉGòʨÉiÉÉxÉÖnäù¶ÉxɨÉäEòÉ |ÉÊGòªÉÉ ¦É´ÉÊiÉ ªÉÉ
+vªÉäªÉʴɹɪÉÆ ±ÉPÉÖ{ÉnùÉxÉÉÆ Gò¨É¤Érù¸ÉÞc÷JɱÉÉ°ü{ÉähÉ
´ªÉ´ÉºlÉÉ{ɪÉÊiÉ* UôÉjÉÆ {ÉÊ®úÊSÉiÉ{ɶSÉÉkɱÉÉiÉ VÉÊ]õ±ÉÉxÉÂ,
xÉ´ÉÒxÉÉxÉÂ, ºÉ¨|ÉiªÉªÉÉxÉÂ, ʺÉrùÉxiÉÉxÉ +´ÉMɨÉÉxÉ |ÉÊiÉ
xɪÉÊiÉ*
(Programmed Instruction is the process of arranging the
material to be learned into a series of sequential steps,
usually it moves the student from a familiar background
into a complex and new set of concept, principles and
understanding)
VÉ䨺ÉÂ. <Ç. Bκ{ÉSÉ ʤɱÉÇ ʴÉʱɪɨºÉ SÉ
""+ʦÉGòʨÉiÉÉxÉÖnäù¶ÉxÉ xÉÉ¨É +xÉ֦ɴÉÉxÉÉÆ ºÉ&
ÊxɪÉÉäÊVÉiÉGò¨É& ªÉ& =qùÒ{ÉEò|ÉÊiÉÊGòªÉɺɨ¤ÉxvÉ°ü{ÉähÉ
IɨÉiÉÉÆ |ÉÉ{ɪÉÊiÉ*'' <ÊiÉ
(Programmed instruction is a planned sequence of
experiences learning to proficiency in terms of stimulus
response relationship).
+ʦÉGòʨÉiÉÉxÉÖnäù¶ÉxɺÉɨÉOɪÉÉ&ʴɶÉä¹ÉÉ&
(Characteristics of programmed Instruction material)
1. +ʦÉGòʨÉiÉÉxÉÖnäù¶ÉxɺªÉ ºÉɨÉOÉÒ ´ªÉÊHòÊxɹ`öÉ ¦É´ÉÊiÉ*
UôÉjÉÉ& |ÉiªÉäEÆòº´ÉäSUôªÉÉ+vªÉäiÉÖƶÉCxÉÖ´ÉÎxiÉ*
2. +jÉ {ÉÉ`ö¬Ê´É¹ÉªÉ& ±ÉPÉÖ¹ÉÖ +ƶɹÉÖ Ê´É¦ÉHòÉä ¦É´ÉÊiÉ*
3. BiÉä +ƶÉÉ& ¸ÉÞRÆóJɱÉɤÉrùÉ& ºlÉÉ{ªÉxiÉä*
4. +ʦÉGòʨÉiɺÉɨÉOɪÉÉ& |ÉiªÉäEÆò {ÉnùÉÊxÉ(+ƶÉÉ&)
+ÊOɨÉ{ÉnäùxÉ iÉÉÌEòEòGò¨ÉähÉ, º´ÉɦÉÉÊ´ÉEò®úÒiªÉ SÉ
¤ÉrùÉÊxÉ ¦É´ÉÎxiÉ*
5. +vªÉäiÉÉÊxÉ®úxiÉ®Æú |ɪÉɺÉÆ(|ÉÊiÉÊGòªÉÉÆ)Eò®úÉäÊiÉ*
6. UôÉjÉÉ& º´É|ÉMÉiÉä& ºÉÚSÉxÉÉÆ ºÉt& |ÉÉ{xÉÉäÊiÉ- iɺªÉ
|ÉÊiÉÊGòªÉÉ ºÉ¨ÉÒSÉÒxÉÉ +ºÉ¨ÉÒSÉÒxÉÉ ´ÉäÊiÉ* B´ÉÆ ºÉ&
|ÉÊiÉÊGòªÉɪÉÉ&+xÉÖ{ÉnÆù |ÉÊiÉ{ÉÖϹ]õ ±É¦ÉiÉä*
7. UôÉjÉÉ& º´ÉMÉiªÉxÉÖºÉÉ®Æú +vªÉäªÉ¨É +´ÉºÉÆ®ú ±É¦ÉiÉä*
8. +ʦÉGòʨÉiÉÉxÉÖnäù¶É´ÉºÉɨÉMiÉÒ ºÉ¨ªÉEÂò {É®úÒÊIÉiÉÉ
ºÉÖJÉ´ÉÉκlÉiÉÉ SɦɴÉÊiÉ*
+ʦÉGòʨÉiÉÉvªÉªÉxÉɺªÉ ʺÉrùÉxiÉÉ& (Principle of programmed
learning)
1. ±ÉPÉÖ{ÉnùÉxÉÉÆ ÊºÉrùÉxiÉ& (Principle of small steps)
2. ºÉÊGòªÉ|ÉÊiÉEò®úhɺªÉ ʺÉrùÉxiÉ& (Principle of active
responding)
3. ºÉtÉäÊxÉhÉǪɺªÉ ʺÉrùÉxiÉ& (Principle of immediate
confirmation)
4. º´ÉMÉiÉä ʺÉrùÉxiÉ& (Principle of self pacing)
5. iÉÉÌEòEòGò¨ÉºªÉʺÉrùÉxiÉ& (Principle of logical sequence)
6. º´ÉªÉÆ{É®úÒIÉhɺªÉ ʺÉrùÉxiÉ& (Principle of self testing)
+ʦÉGòʨÉiÉÉvªÉªÉxɺªÉ EòɪÉǨÉ (Functions of programmed
learning)
1. ´ÉÉSÉxɨÉ (reading)
2. ±ÉäJÉxɨÉ (writing)
3. ºÉƶÉÉävÉxɨÉ (checking)
4. |ÉMÉÊiÉ& (advancing)
5. {É®úÒIÉhɨÉ (Testing)
+ʦÉGòʨÉiÉÉxÉÖnäù¶ÉxɨÉÂÊjÉÊ´ÉvÉÉ |ÉʺÉrùɦɴÉÊiÉ*
1. ®äúJÉÒªÉÉʦÉGò¨É&(Linear programme)
2. ¶ÉÉJÉÒªÉÉʦÉGò¨É&(Branching Programme)
3. +´É®úÉä½þÉʦÉGò¨É&(Mathetics programme)
1. ®äúJÉÒªÉÉʦÉGò¨É&(Linear programme)
|ÉÉä.ʤÉ.B¡Âò. κEòxiÉ®ú ¨É½þÉänùªÉ& +ºªÉ |ÉÊiÉ{ÉÉnùEò&*
º´ÉäxÉè´É |ÉÊiÉ{ÉÉÊnùiɺªÉ "´ªÉ´É½þÉ®úÊxɤÉxvÉxÉʺÉrùÉxiɺªÉ'
(Operant conditioning) +ÉvÉÉ®äúhÉ +ʦÉGò¨ÉÉäªÉÆ ÊxĘ́ÉiÉ&*
¨ÉÉxɴɺªÉ ´ªÉ´É½þÉ®ú& ÊxÉζSÉiÉÊnù¶ÉɪÉÉÆ |É´ÉÌiÉʪÉiÉÖÆ
¶ÉCªÉiÉä* +¦ÉÒ¹]õ´ªÉ´É½þÉ®úÉ& ʶÉIÉʪÉiÉÖÆ ¶ÉCªÉxiÉä *
ʶÉIÉhÉÒªÉ& ´ªÉ´É½þÉ®ú& +±{Éä¹ÉÖ +ƶÉä¹ÉÖ Ê´É¦ÉVÉxÉÒªÉ&*
BEèòEòºªÉ +¶ÉºªÉ ʶÉIÉhÉÉiÉ {É®Æú ºÉÉÆ ¶ÉÉ&
{ÉÖxɤÉDZÉxÉäxÉ oùnùÒEò®úhÉÒªÉ&* +xÉäxÉ Gò¨ÉähÉ ¨ÉxÉÖ¹ªÉ&
+{ÉäÊIÉiÉ´ªÉ´É½þÉ®äú ʶÉÊIÉiÉ& ¦É´ÉÊiÉ* iÉÉoù¶É& +ʦÉGò¨É&
®äúJÉÒªÉÉʦÉGò¨É& <iªÉÖVªÉiÉä UôÉjÉ& @ñVÉÖ®äúJɪÉÉ
ÊxÉζSÉiÉÉÊxÉ {ÉnùÉÊxÉ +vªÉäÊiÉ*
2. ¶ÉÉJÉÒªÉÉʦÉGò¨É& (Branching Programme)
+ºªÉ ¶ÉÉJÉÒªÉʦÉGò¨ÉºªÉ |ÉÊiÉ{ÉÉnùEò& ¸ÉÒ. BxÉÂ. B.
Eèòb÷¨ÉǽþÉänùªÉÉä ¦É´ÉÊiÉ* +ªÉ¨ÉÉʦÉGò¨É& {ÉÉ`ö¬É¶ÉÉxÉÉÆ
|ɺiÉÖiÉÒEò®úhÉɺªÉ Eò¶SÉxÉ |ɦÉɴɶÉɱÉÒ |ÉÊ´ÉÊvɦÉÇ´ÉÊiÉ*
+jÉ +xÉäEäò ʶÉIÉhÉʺÉrùÉxiÉÉ& |ɪÉÖVªÉxiÉä*
¶ÉÉJÉÒªÉÉʦÉGò¨É{ÉnùºªÉ {ÉÊ®ú¨ÉÉhɨÉ +iªÉÊvÉEÆò ¦É´ÉÊiÉ*
|ÉiªÉäEò {Énäù¹ÉÖ {ÉÉ`ö¬É¶ÉÉiÉ {É®Æú ¤É½ÖþÊ´ÉEò±{ÉÉi¨ÉEò&
´ÉºiÉÖÊxɹEò|ɶxÉ& ¦É´ÉÊiÉ, ªÉºªÉÉäkÉ®Æú UôÉjÉ&
º´ÉÊ´É´ÉäEòÉxÉÖºÉÉ®Æú ºÉÚSɪÉÊiÉ*
- Remedial Frame
- Main Frame
3. +´É®úÉä½þÉʦÉGò¨É (Mathemetics programme)
lÉɨɺÉÂ.B¡ò. ÊMɱɤÉ]ÇÂõ ¨É½þÉänùªÉ& +ºªÉ
+´É®úÉä½þÉÊ¡òGò¨ÉºªÉ ={ÉYÉÉiÉÉ ¦É´ÉÊiÉ* +vªÉªÉxÉÉlÉÇEòÉiÉÂ
"¨ÉälÉÒxÉÂ' <ÊiÉ OÉÒEò¶É¤nùÉiÉ Êxɹ{ÉzÉʨÉnÆù {ÉnÆù
"¨ÉälÉÊ]õCºÉÂ' <ÊiÉ* +Éκ¨ÉzÉʦÉGò¨Éä {ÉnùÉxÉÉÆ |ɺiÉÖÊiÉ&
+´É®úÉä½þGò¨ÉähÉ ¦É´ÉiÉÒÊiÉ +ªÉ¨É +´É®úÉä½þÉʦÉGò¨É&
<iªÉÖªªÉiÉä*
B
D
C
A
1 2 3 4
C
B
D
A
D
C
B A
"{ÉÉ`ö¬Ê´É¹ÉªÉä ÊxÉ{ÉÖhÉiÉɨÉÖi{ÉÉnùʪÉiÉÖÆ
VÉÊ]õ±ÉiªÉ´É½þÉ®úºÉ¨ÉÚ½þºªÉ ʴɶ±Éä¹ÉhÉÉlÉÈ, {ÉÖxÉ&
ºÉRÂóPÉÉ]õxÉÉlÉǺSÉ {ÉÖxɤÉDZÉxÉʺÉrùxiÉÉxÉÉÆ
ºÉÖ´ªÉ´ÉκlÉiÉ|ɪÉÉäMÉ& +´É®úÉä½þÉʦÉGò¨É'<ÊiÉ ÊxɯûiªÉiÉä*
(Mathetics is defined as systematic application of
reinforcement theory to the analysis and construction of
complex repertoires which represent the maslery in
subjectively matter.)
={ɺÉƽþÉ®ú¨ÉÂ
EòɪÉÇIɨɴªÉÊHò¤ÉÉävÉxÉÉªÉ ºÉ½þɪÉEÆò ¤É½ÚþÊxÉ
xÉ´ÉÒxÉ |É´ÉiÉÇxÉä¹ÉÖ +iªÉxiÉÆ |ÉÉvÉÉxªÉ¨É½ÇþÊiÉ
Gò¨ÉÒEÞòiÉ{É`öxɨÉÂ* Gò¨ÉÒEÞòiÉ{É`öxÉÆ º´ÉªÉ¨ÉvªÉªÉxɺªÉ
º´ÉªÉƨÉÚ±ªÉÉÊxÉhÉǪɺªÉ SÉ iÉxjÉ¨É (¨ÉÉMÉǨÉÂ) ¦É´ÉÊiÉ*
¤ÉÉävÉxÉÆ ´ªÉÊHòÊxɹ`Æö EòiÉÖÈ Ê´ÉtɦªÉɺɺÉÉRÂóEäòÊiÉEò
Ê´ÉtɪÉÉ& BEò¨ÉÖ{ÉÉÊvÉ& (BEÆò ¨ÉÉMÉǨÉÂ) <ÊiÉ ®úÒiªÉÉ
Gò¨ÉÒEÞòiÉ{É`öxɨÉ +iªÉÉÊvÉEÆò ºÉ½þɪÉEÆò¦É´ÉÊiÉ*

More Related Content

Viewers also liked

Compte‐rendu des activités 2014 du Réseau Climat & Développement
Compte‐rendu des activités 2014 du Réseau Climat & DéveloppementCompte‐rendu des activités 2014 du Réseau Climat & Développement
Compte‐rendu des activités 2014 du Réseau Climat & DéveloppementAlix Mazounie
 
Fibre optique : emplacement du modulateur au niveau du réseau FTTH
Fibre optique : emplacement du modulateur au niveau du réseau FTTHFibre optique : emplacement du modulateur au niveau du réseau FTTH
Fibre optique : emplacement du modulateur au niveau du réseau FTTHIntissar Dguechi
 
Eco Phoenix - La solidarité par l'environnement
Eco Phoenix - La solidarité par l'environnementEco Phoenix - La solidarité par l'environnement
Eco Phoenix - La solidarité par l'environnementKévin Saquet
 
Séance n°4 l'image d'entreprise
Séance n°4   l'image d'entrepriseSéance n°4   l'image d'entreprise
Séance n°4 l'image d'entrepriseMeneur de Jeu
 
Android progamming fundamentals
Android progamming fundamentals Android progamming fundamentals
Android progamming fundamentals Adnene BELFODIL
 
Test Complet Samsung Galaxy Tab Pro 10.1 4G
Test  Complet Samsung Galaxy Tab Pro 10.1 4GTest  Complet Samsung Galaxy Tab Pro 10.1 4G
Test Complet Samsung Galaxy Tab Pro 10.1 4GVick Caulmont
 
Concurso Universitario de Software Libre. Premio Local
Concurso Universitario de Software Libre. Premio LocalConcurso Universitario de Software Libre. Premio Local
Concurso Universitario de Software Libre. Premio LocalFernando Tricas García
 
Europa cerrada
Europa cerradaEuropa cerrada
Europa cerradadanniel
 
Les manquements de l'économie internet belge
Les manquements de l'économie internet belgeLes manquements de l'économie internet belge
Les manquements de l'économie internet belgeGil Durand
 
BaroJOB 6ème édition (2014)
BaroJOB 6ème édition (2014)BaroJOB 6ème édition (2014)
BaroJOB 6ème édition (2014)infoa2jv
 
002_Rénovation urbaine à Ho Chi Minh Ville_Tan_Hoa_Lo_Gom_Canal_FR
002_Rénovation urbaine à Ho Chi Minh Ville_Tan_Hoa_Lo_Gom_Canal_FR002_Rénovation urbaine à Ho Chi Minh Ville_Tan_Hoa_Lo_Gom_Canal_FR
002_Rénovation urbaine à Ho Chi Minh Ville_Tan_Hoa_Lo_Gom_Canal_FRMartijn_ter_Heegde
 

Viewers also liked (20)

Compte‐rendu des activités 2014 du Réseau Climat & Développement
Compte‐rendu des activités 2014 du Réseau Climat & DéveloppementCompte‐rendu des activités 2014 du Réseau Climat & Développement
Compte‐rendu des activités 2014 du Réseau Climat & Développement
 
Fibre optique : emplacement du modulateur au niveau du réseau FTTH
Fibre optique : emplacement du modulateur au niveau du réseau FTTHFibre optique : emplacement du modulateur au niveau du réseau FTTH
Fibre optique : emplacement du modulateur au niveau du réseau FTTH
 
Eco Phoenix - La solidarité par l'environnement
Eco Phoenix - La solidarité par l'environnementEco Phoenix - La solidarité par l'environnement
Eco Phoenix - La solidarité par l'environnement
 
Paris 2.0
Paris 2.0Paris 2.0
Paris 2.0
 
Séance n°4 l'image d'entreprise
Séance n°4   l'image d'entrepriseSéance n°4   l'image d'entreprise
Séance n°4 l'image d'entreprise
 
Android progamming fundamentals
Android progamming fundamentals Android progamming fundamentals
Android progamming fundamentals
 
Test Complet Samsung Galaxy Tab Pro 10.1 4G
Test  Complet Samsung Galaxy Tab Pro 10.1 4GTest  Complet Samsung Galaxy Tab Pro 10.1 4G
Test Complet Samsung Galaxy Tab Pro 10.1 4G
 
Concurso Universitario de Software Libre. Premio Local
Concurso Universitario de Software Libre. Premio LocalConcurso Universitario de Software Libre. Premio Local
Concurso Universitario de Software Libre. Premio Local
 
Europa cerrada
Europa cerradaEuropa cerrada
Europa cerrada
 
Twitter
TwitterTwitter
Twitter
 
Logo Contest2
Logo Contest2Logo Contest2
Logo Contest2
 
Fibre optique
Fibre optique Fibre optique
Fibre optique
 
Cursos De CapacitacióN
Cursos De CapacitacióNCursos De CapacitacióN
Cursos De CapacitacióN
 
Les manquements de l'économie internet belge
Les manquements de l'économie internet belgeLes manquements de l'économie internet belge
Les manquements de l'économie internet belge
 
Portal Framework ECM
Portal Framework ECMPortal Framework ECM
Portal Framework ECM
 
Nuit de la littérature 2015
Nuit de la littérature 2015Nuit de la littérature 2015
Nuit de la littérature 2015
 
Internet
InternetInternet
Internet
 
BaroJOB 6ème édition (2014)
BaroJOB 6ème édition (2014)BaroJOB 6ème édition (2014)
BaroJOB 6ème édition (2014)
 
Unit1 science
Unit1 scienceUnit1 science
Unit1 science
 
002_Rénovation urbaine à Ho Chi Minh Ville_Tan_Hoa_Lo_Gom_Canal_FR
002_Rénovation urbaine à Ho Chi Minh Ville_Tan_Hoa_Lo_Gom_Canal_FR002_Rénovation urbaine à Ho Chi Minh Ville_Tan_Hoa_Lo_Gom_Canal_FR
002_Rénovation urbaine à Ho Chi Minh Ville_Tan_Hoa_Lo_Gom_Canal_FR
 

More from gctesivani

Raj lekshmi lesson plan
Raj lekshmi lesson planRaj lekshmi lesson plan
Raj lekshmi lesson plangctesivani
 
Vinci lesson plan .
Vinci lesson plan .Vinci lesson plan .
Vinci lesson plan .gctesivani
 
Powerpoint pdf vincy
Powerpoint pdf vincyPowerpoint pdf vincy
Powerpoint pdf vincygctesivani
 
Mural paintingppt sreeragi
Mural paintingppt sreeragiMural paintingppt sreeragi
Mural paintingppt sreeragigctesivani
 
Shilna lesson plan
Shilna lesson planShilna lesson plan
Shilna lesson plangctesivani
 
स्वागतंshilna ppt
स्वागतंshilna pptस्वागतंshilna ppt
स्वागतंshilna pptgctesivani
 
Presentationgreeshma
PresentationgreeshmaPresentationgreeshma
Presentationgreeshmagctesivani
 
Presentationgreeshma
PresentationgreeshmaPresentationgreeshma
Presentationgreeshmagctesivani
 
Presentationgreeshma
PresentationgreeshmaPresentationgreeshma
Presentationgreeshmagctesivani
 
भगद्गीत.reshma.n.s
भगद्गीत.reshma.n.sभगद्गीत.reshma.n.s
भगद्गीत.reshma.n.sgctesivani
 
Lesson plan saranya
Lesson plan saranyaLesson plan saranya
Lesson plan saranyagctesivani
 
Reshma lessonplan
Reshma lessonplanReshma lessonplan
Reshma lessonplangctesivani
 
Presentation saranya
Presentation saranyaPresentation saranya
Presentation saranyagctesivani
 
Presentation santhi
Presentation santhiPresentation santhi
Presentation santhigctesivani
 
santhi krishna ppt
santhi krishna pptsanthi krishna ppt
santhi krishna pptgctesivani
 
Sajithaaaaaa lesson plan
Sajithaaaaaa lesson planSajithaaaaaa lesson plan
Sajithaaaaaa lesson plangctesivani
 

More from gctesivani (20)

Raj lekshmi lesson plan
Raj lekshmi lesson planRaj lekshmi lesson plan
Raj lekshmi lesson plan
 
Vinci lesson plan .
Vinci lesson plan .Vinci lesson plan .
Vinci lesson plan .
 
Powerpoint pdf vincy
Powerpoint pdf vincyPowerpoint pdf vincy
Powerpoint pdf vincy
 
Keertanappt
KeertanapptKeertanappt
Keertanappt
 
Mural paintingppt sreeragi
Mural paintingppt sreeragiMural paintingppt sreeragi
Mural paintingppt sreeragi
 
ppt reshma
ppt reshmappt reshma
ppt reshma
 
Shilna lesson plan
Shilna lesson planShilna lesson plan
Shilna lesson plan
 
स्वागतंshilna ppt
स्वागतंshilna pptस्वागतंshilna ppt
स्वागतंshilna ppt
 
Presentationgreeshma
PresentationgreeshmaPresentationgreeshma
Presentationgreeshma
 
Greeshma ppt
Greeshma pptGreeshma ppt
Greeshma ppt
 
Presentationgreeshma
PresentationgreeshmaPresentationgreeshma
Presentationgreeshma
 
Presentationgreeshma
PresentationgreeshmaPresentationgreeshma
Presentationgreeshma
 
भगद्गीत.reshma.n.s
भगद्गीत.reshma.n.sभगद्गीत.reshma.n.s
भगद्गीत.reshma.n.s
 
Lesson plan saranya
Lesson plan saranyaLesson plan saranya
Lesson plan saranya
 
Reshma lessonplan
Reshma lessonplanReshma lessonplan
Reshma lessonplan
 
Presentation saranya
Presentation saranyaPresentation saranya
Presentation saranya
 
Presentation santhi
Presentation santhiPresentation santhi
Presentation santhi
 
santhi krishna ppt
santhi krishna pptsanthi krishna ppt
santhi krishna ppt
 
Sajithaaaaaa lesson plan
Sajithaaaaaa lesson planSajithaaaaaa lesson plan
Sajithaaaaaa lesson plan
 
Sarva sajitha
Sarva sajithaSarva sajitha
Sarva sajitha
 

Recently uploaded

Software Engineering Methodologies (overview)
Software Engineering Methodologies (overview)Software Engineering Methodologies (overview)
Software Engineering Methodologies (overview)eniolaolutunde
 
Computed Fields and api Depends in the Odoo 17
Computed Fields and api Depends in the Odoo 17Computed Fields and api Depends in the Odoo 17
Computed Fields and api Depends in the Odoo 17Celine George
 
Presiding Officer Training module 2024 lok sabha elections
Presiding Officer Training module 2024 lok sabha electionsPresiding Officer Training module 2024 lok sabha elections
Presiding Officer Training module 2024 lok sabha electionsanshu789521
 
Incoming and Outgoing Shipments in 1 STEP Using Odoo 17
Incoming and Outgoing Shipments in 1 STEP Using Odoo 17Incoming and Outgoing Shipments in 1 STEP Using Odoo 17
Incoming and Outgoing Shipments in 1 STEP Using Odoo 17Celine George
 
Organic Name Reactions for the students and aspirants of Chemistry12th.pptx
Organic Name Reactions  for the students and aspirants of Chemistry12th.pptxOrganic Name Reactions  for the students and aspirants of Chemistry12th.pptx
Organic Name Reactions for the students and aspirants of Chemistry12th.pptxVS Mahajan Coaching Centre
 
call girls in Kamla Market (DELHI) 🔝 >༒9953330565🔝 genuine Escort Service 🔝✔️✔️
call girls in Kamla Market (DELHI) 🔝 >༒9953330565🔝 genuine Escort Service 🔝✔️✔️call girls in Kamla Market (DELHI) 🔝 >༒9953330565🔝 genuine Escort Service 🔝✔️✔️
call girls in Kamla Market (DELHI) 🔝 >༒9953330565🔝 genuine Escort Service 🔝✔️✔️9953056974 Low Rate Call Girls In Saket, Delhi NCR
 
POINT- BIOCHEMISTRY SEM 2 ENZYMES UNIT 5.pptx
POINT- BIOCHEMISTRY SEM 2 ENZYMES UNIT 5.pptxPOINT- BIOCHEMISTRY SEM 2 ENZYMES UNIT 5.pptx
POINT- BIOCHEMISTRY SEM 2 ENZYMES UNIT 5.pptxSayali Powar
 
Science 7 - LAND and SEA BREEZE and its Characteristics
Science 7 - LAND and SEA BREEZE and its CharacteristicsScience 7 - LAND and SEA BREEZE and its Characteristics
Science 7 - LAND and SEA BREEZE and its CharacteristicsKarinaGenton
 
“Oh GOSH! Reflecting on Hackteria's Collaborative Practices in a Global Do-It...
“Oh GOSH! Reflecting on Hackteria's Collaborative Practices in a Global Do-It...“Oh GOSH! Reflecting on Hackteria's Collaborative Practices in a Global Do-It...
“Oh GOSH! Reflecting on Hackteria's Collaborative Practices in a Global Do-It...Marc Dusseiller Dusjagr
 
SOCIAL AND HISTORICAL CONTEXT - LFTVD.pptx
SOCIAL AND HISTORICAL CONTEXT - LFTVD.pptxSOCIAL AND HISTORICAL CONTEXT - LFTVD.pptx
SOCIAL AND HISTORICAL CONTEXT - LFTVD.pptxiammrhaywood
 
How to Configure Email Server in Odoo 17
How to Configure Email Server in Odoo 17How to Configure Email Server in Odoo 17
How to Configure Email Server in Odoo 17Celine George
 
Mastering the Unannounced Regulatory Inspection
Mastering the Unannounced Regulatory InspectionMastering the Unannounced Regulatory Inspection
Mastering the Unannounced Regulatory InspectionSafetyChain Software
 
Pharmacognosy Flower 3. Compositae 2023.pdf
Pharmacognosy Flower 3. Compositae 2023.pdfPharmacognosy Flower 3. Compositae 2023.pdf
Pharmacognosy Flower 3. Compositae 2023.pdfMahmoud M. Sallam
 
Kisan Call Centre - To harness potential of ICT in Agriculture by answer farm...
Kisan Call Centre - To harness potential of ICT in Agriculture by answer farm...Kisan Call Centre - To harness potential of ICT in Agriculture by answer farm...
Kisan Call Centre - To harness potential of ICT in Agriculture by answer farm...Krashi Coaching
 
Proudly South Africa powerpoint Thorisha.pptx
Proudly South Africa powerpoint Thorisha.pptxProudly South Africa powerpoint Thorisha.pptx
Proudly South Africa powerpoint Thorisha.pptxthorishapillay1
 
Call Girls in Dwarka Mor Delhi Contact Us 9654467111
Call Girls in Dwarka Mor Delhi Contact Us 9654467111Call Girls in Dwarka Mor Delhi Contact Us 9654467111
Call Girls in Dwarka Mor Delhi Contact Us 9654467111Sapana Sha
 
Introduction to ArtificiaI Intelligence in Higher Education
Introduction to ArtificiaI Intelligence in Higher EducationIntroduction to ArtificiaI Intelligence in Higher Education
Introduction to ArtificiaI Intelligence in Higher Educationpboyjonauth
 
_Math 4-Q4 Week 5.pptx Steps in Collecting Data
_Math 4-Q4 Week 5.pptx Steps in Collecting Data_Math 4-Q4 Week 5.pptx Steps in Collecting Data
_Math 4-Q4 Week 5.pptx Steps in Collecting DataJhengPantaleon
 

Recently uploaded (20)

Software Engineering Methodologies (overview)
Software Engineering Methodologies (overview)Software Engineering Methodologies (overview)
Software Engineering Methodologies (overview)
 
Computed Fields and api Depends in the Odoo 17
Computed Fields and api Depends in the Odoo 17Computed Fields and api Depends in the Odoo 17
Computed Fields and api Depends in the Odoo 17
 
Presiding Officer Training module 2024 lok sabha elections
Presiding Officer Training module 2024 lok sabha electionsPresiding Officer Training module 2024 lok sabha elections
Presiding Officer Training module 2024 lok sabha elections
 
Incoming and Outgoing Shipments in 1 STEP Using Odoo 17
Incoming and Outgoing Shipments in 1 STEP Using Odoo 17Incoming and Outgoing Shipments in 1 STEP Using Odoo 17
Incoming and Outgoing Shipments in 1 STEP Using Odoo 17
 
Organic Name Reactions for the students and aspirants of Chemistry12th.pptx
Organic Name Reactions  for the students and aspirants of Chemistry12th.pptxOrganic Name Reactions  for the students and aspirants of Chemistry12th.pptx
Organic Name Reactions for the students and aspirants of Chemistry12th.pptx
 
call girls in Kamla Market (DELHI) 🔝 >༒9953330565🔝 genuine Escort Service 🔝✔️✔️
call girls in Kamla Market (DELHI) 🔝 >༒9953330565🔝 genuine Escort Service 🔝✔️✔️call girls in Kamla Market (DELHI) 🔝 >༒9953330565🔝 genuine Escort Service 🔝✔️✔️
call girls in Kamla Market (DELHI) 🔝 >༒9953330565🔝 genuine Escort Service 🔝✔️✔️
 
POINT- BIOCHEMISTRY SEM 2 ENZYMES UNIT 5.pptx
POINT- BIOCHEMISTRY SEM 2 ENZYMES UNIT 5.pptxPOINT- BIOCHEMISTRY SEM 2 ENZYMES UNIT 5.pptx
POINT- BIOCHEMISTRY SEM 2 ENZYMES UNIT 5.pptx
 
Science 7 - LAND and SEA BREEZE and its Characteristics
Science 7 - LAND and SEA BREEZE and its CharacteristicsScience 7 - LAND and SEA BREEZE and its Characteristics
Science 7 - LAND and SEA BREEZE and its Characteristics
 
“Oh GOSH! Reflecting on Hackteria's Collaborative Practices in a Global Do-It...
“Oh GOSH! Reflecting on Hackteria's Collaborative Practices in a Global Do-It...“Oh GOSH! Reflecting on Hackteria's Collaborative Practices in a Global Do-It...
“Oh GOSH! Reflecting on Hackteria's Collaborative Practices in a Global Do-It...
 
SOCIAL AND HISTORICAL CONTEXT - LFTVD.pptx
SOCIAL AND HISTORICAL CONTEXT - LFTVD.pptxSOCIAL AND HISTORICAL CONTEXT - LFTVD.pptx
SOCIAL AND HISTORICAL CONTEXT - LFTVD.pptx
 
How to Configure Email Server in Odoo 17
How to Configure Email Server in Odoo 17How to Configure Email Server in Odoo 17
How to Configure Email Server in Odoo 17
 
Mastering the Unannounced Regulatory Inspection
Mastering the Unannounced Regulatory InspectionMastering the Unannounced Regulatory Inspection
Mastering the Unannounced Regulatory Inspection
 
Model Call Girl in Tilak Nagar Delhi reach out to us at 🔝9953056974🔝
Model Call Girl in Tilak Nagar Delhi reach out to us at 🔝9953056974🔝Model Call Girl in Tilak Nagar Delhi reach out to us at 🔝9953056974🔝
Model Call Girl in Tilak Nagar Delhi reach out to us at 🔝9953056974🔝
 
Pharmacognosy Flower 3. Compositae 2023.pdf
Pharmacognosy Flower 3. Compositae 2023.pdfPharmacognosy Flower 3. Compositae 2023.pdf
Pharmacognosy Flower 3. Compositae 2023.pdf
 
Kisan Call Centre - To harness potential of ICT in Agriculture by answer farm...
Kisan Call Centre - To harness potential of ICT in Agriculture by answer farm...Kisan Call Centre - To harness potential of ICT in Agriculture by answer farm...
Kisan Call Centre - To harness potential of ICT in Agriculture by answer farm...
 
Proudly South Africa powerpoint Thorisha.pptx
Proudly South Africa powerpoint Thorisha.pptxProudly South Africa powerpoint Thorisha.pptx
Proudly South Africa powerpoint Thorisha.pptx
 
Call Girls in Dwarka Mor Delhi Contact Us 9654467111
Call Girls in Dwarka Mor Delhi Contact Us 9654467111Call Girls in Dwarka Mor Delhi Contact Us 9654467111
Call Girls in Dwarka Mor Delhi Contact Us 9654467111
 
Introduction to ArtificiaI Intelligence in Higher Education
Introduction to ArtificiaI Intelligence in Higher EducationIntroduction to ArtificiaI Intelligence in Higher Education
Introduction to ArtificiaI Intelligence in Higher Education
 
_Math 4-Q4 Week 5.pptx Steps in Collecting Data
_Math 4-Q4 Week 5.pptx Steps in Collecting Data_Math 4-Q4 Week 5.pptx Steps in Collecting Data
_Math 4-Q4 Week 5.pptx Steps in Collecting Data
 
Staff of Color (SOC) Retention Efforts DDSD
Staff of Color (SOC) Retention Efforts DDSDStaff of Color (SOC) Retention Efforts DDSD
Staff of Color (SOC) Retention Efforts DDSD
 

Greeshma

  • 1. ONLINE ASSIGNMENT ʴɹɪÉ:- +ʦÉGòʨÉiÉÉxÉÖnäù¶ÉxɨÉ (Programmed Learning) Submitted by GREESHMA. P.V Roll no. 4 Sanskrit Optional G.C.T.E, Thycaud
  • 2. +ʦÉGòʨÉiÉÉxÉÖnäù¶ÉxɨÉÂ(Programmed Learning) |ÉÉä.¤ÉÒ.ªÉÆ¡ò. κEòzÉ®Âú ¨É½þÉänùªÉ& +ÊvÉMɨɺªÉ ʴɹɪÉä º´ÉªÉ¨ÉÖ{ɺlÉÉÊ{ÉiɺªÉ "´ªÉ´É½þÉ®úÊxɤÉxvÉxÉʺÉrùÉxiɺªÉ' (Operant Conditioning Theory) +ÉvÉÉ®äúhÉ xÉ´ÉÒxÉÉÆ º´ÉʶÉIÉhÉ{ÉrùÊiɨÉ "+ʦÉGòʨÉiÉÉxÉÖnäù¶ÉxɨÉÂ' (Programmed Learning) <ÊiÉ xÉɨxÉÉ |ÉʺÉrù¨É +ÉʴɶSÉEòÉ®ú* +ʦÉGòʨÉiÉÉxÉÖnäù¶ÉxɺªÉ+lÉÇ&* κ¨ÉiÉ ¨ÉÚ®äú SÉ (Smith and Moore) +ʦÉGòʨÉiÉÉxÉÖnäù¶ÉxɨÉäEòÉ |ÉÊGòªÉÉ ¦É´ÉÊiÉ ªÉÉ +vªÉäªÉʴɹɪÉÆ ±ÉPÉÖ{ÉnùÉxÉÉÆ Gò¨É¤Érù¸ÉÞc÷JɱÉÉ°ü{ÉähÉ ´ªÉ´ÉºlÉÉ{ɪÉÊiÉ* UôÉjÉÆ {ÉÊ®úÊSÉiÉ{ɶSÉÉkɱÉÉiÉ VÉÊ]õ±ÉÉxÉÂ, xÉ´ÉÒxÉÉxÉÂ, ºÉ¨|ÉiªÉªÉÉxÉÂ, ʺÉrùÉxiÉÉxÉ +´ÉMɨÉÉxÉ |ÉÊiÉ xɪÉÊiÉ* (Programmed Instruction is the process of arranging the material to be learned into a series of sequential steps,
  • 3. usually it moves the student from a familiar background into a complex and new set of concept, principles and understanding) VÉ䨺ÉÂ. <Ç. Bκ{ÉSÉ ʤɱÉÇ ʴÉʱɪɨºÉ SÉ ""+ʦÉGòʨÉiÉÉxÉÖnäù¶ÉxÉ xÉÉ¨É +xÉ֦ɴÉÉxÉÉÆ ºÉ& ÊxɪÉÉäÊVÉiÉGò¨É& ªÉ& =qùÒ{ÉEò|ÉÊiÉÊGòªÉɺɨ¤ÉxvÉ°ü{ÉähÉ IɨÉiÉÉÆ |ÉÉ{ɪÉÊiÉ*'' <ÊiÉ (Programmed instruction is a planned sequence of experiences learning to proficiency in terms of stimulus response relationship). +ʦÉGòʨÉiÉÉxÉÖnäù¶ÉxɺÉɨÉOɪÉÉ&ʴɶÉä¹ÉÉ& (Characteristics of programmed Instruction material) 1. +ʦÉGòʨÉiÉÉxÉÖnäù¶ÉxɺªÉ ºÉɨÉOÉÒ ´ªÉÊHòÊxɹ`öÉ ¦É´ÉÊiÉ* UôÉjÉÉ& |ÉiªÉäEÆòº´ÉäSUôªÉÉ+vªÉäiÉÖƶÉCxÉÖ´ÉÎxiÉ* 2. +jÉ {ÉÉ`ö¬Ê´É¹ÉªÉ& ±ÉPÉÖ¹ÉÖ +ƶɹÉÖ Ê´É¦ÉHòÉä ¦É´ÉÊiÉ* 3. BiÉä +ƶÉÉ& ¸ÉÞRÆóJɱÉɤÉrùÉ& ºlÉÉ{ªÉxiÉä* 4. +ʦÉGòʨÉiɺÉɨÉOɪÉÉ& |ÉiªÉäEÆò {ÉnùÉÊxÉ(+ƶÉÉ&) +ÊOɨÉ{ÉnäùxÉ iÉÉÌEòEòGò¨ÉähÉ, º´ÉɦÉÉÊ´ÉEò®úÒiªÉ SÉ ¤ÉrùÉÊxÉ ¦É´ÉÎxiÉ*
  • 4. 5. +vªÉäiÉÉÊxÉ®úxiÉ®Æú |ɪÉɺÉÆ(|ÉÊiÉÊGòªÉÉÆ)Eò®úÉäÊiÉ* 6. UôÉjÉÉ& º´É|ÉMÉiÉä& ºÉÚSÉxÉÉÆ ºÉt& |ÉÉ{xÉÉäÊiÉ- iɺªÉ |ÉÊiÉÊGòªÉÉ ºÉ¨ÉÒSÉÒxÉÉ +ºÉ¨ÉÒSÉÒxÉÉ ´ÉäÊiÉ* B´ÉÆ ºÉ& |ÉÊiÉÊGòªÉɪÉÉ&+xÉÖ{ÉnÆù |ÉÊiÉ{ÉÖϹ]õ ±É¦ÉiÉä* 7. UôÉjÉÉ& º´ÉMÉiªÉxÉÖºÉÉ®Æú +vªÉäªÉ¨É +´ÉºÉÆ®ú ±É¦ÉiÉä* 8. +ʦÉGòʨÉiÉÉxÉÖnäù¶É´ÉºÉɨÉMiÉÒ ºÉ¨ªÉEÂò {É®úÒÊIÉiÉÉ ºÉÖJÉ´ÉÉκlÉiÉÉ SɦɴÉÊiÉ* +ʦÉGòʨÉiÉÉvªÉªÉxÉɺªÉ ʺÉrùÉxiÉÉ& (Principle of programmed learning) 1. ±ÉPÉÖ{ÉnùÉxÉÉÆ ÊºÉrùÉxiÉ& (Principle of small steps) 2. ºÉÊGòªÉ|ÉÊiÉEò®úhɺªÉ ʺÉrùÉxiÉ& (Principle of active responding) 3. ºÉtÉäÊxÉhÉǪɺªÉ ʺÉrùÉxiÉ& (Principle of immediate confirmation) 4. º´ÉMÉiÉä ʺÉrùÉxiÉ& (Principle of self pacing) 5. iÉÉÌEòEòGò¨ÉºªÉʺÉrùÉxiÉ& (Principle of logical sequence) 6. º´ÉªÉÆ{É®úÒIÉhɺªÉ ʺÉrùÉxiÉ& (Principle of self testing)
  • 5. +ʦÉGòʨÉiÉÉvªÉªÉxɺªÉ EòɪÉǨÉ (Functions of programmed learning) 1. ´ÉÉSÉxɨÉ (reading) 2. ±ÉäJÉxɨÉ (writing) 3. ºÉƶÉÉävÉxɨÉ (checking) 4. |ÉMÉÊiÉ& (advancing) 5. {É®úÒIÉhɨÉ (Testing) +ʦÉGòʨÉiÉÉxÉÖnäù¶ÉxɨÉÂÊjÉÊ´ÉvÉÉ |ÉʺÉrùɦɴÉÊiÉ* 1. ®äúJÉÒªÉÉʦÉGò¨É&(Linear programme) 2. ¶ÉÉJÉÒªÉÉʦÉGò¨É&(Branching Programme) 3. +´É®úÉä½þÉʦÉGò¨É&(Mathetics programme) 1. ®äúJÉÒªÉÉʦÉGò¨É&(Linear programme) |ÉÉä.ʤÉ.B¡Âò. κEòxiÉ®ú ¨É½þÉänùªÉ& +ºªÉ |ÉÊiÉ{ÉÉnùEò&* º´ÉäxÉè´É |ÉÊiÉ{ÉÉÊnùiɺªÉ "´ªÉ´É½þÉ®úÊxɤÉxvÉxÉʺÉrùÉxiɺªÉ' (Operant conditioning) +ÉvÉÉ®äúhÉ +ʦÉGò¨ÉÉäªÉÆ ÊxĘ́ÉiÉ&*
  • 6. ¨ÉÉxɴɺªÉ ´ªÉ´É½þÉ®ú& ÊxÉζSÉiÉÊnù¶ÉɪÉÉÆ |É´ÉÌiÉʪÉiÉÖÆ ¶ÉCªÉiÉä* +¦ÉÒ¹]õ´ªÉ´É½þÉ®úÉ& ʶÉIÉʪÉiÉÖÆ ¶ÉCªÉxiÉä * ʶÉIÉhÉÒªÉ& ´ªÉ´É½þÉ®ú& +±{Éä¹ÉÖ +ƶÉä¹ÉÖ Ê´É¦ÉVÉxÉÒªÉ&* BEèòEòºªÉ +¶ÉºªÉ ʶÉIÉhÉÉiÉ {É®Æú ºÉÉÆ ¶ÉÉ& {ÉÖxɤÉDZÉxÉäxÉ oùnùÒEò®úhÉÒªÉ&* +xÉäxÉ Gò¨ÉähÉ ¨ÉxÉÖ¹ªÉ& +{ÉäÊIÉiÉ´ªÉ´É½þÉ®äú ʶÉÊIÉiÉ& ¦É´ÉÊiÉ* iÉÉoù¶É& +ʦÉGò¨É& ®äúJÉÒªÉÉʦÉGò¨É& <iªÉÖVªÉiÉä UôÉjÉ& @ñVÉÖ®äúJɪÉÉ ÊxÉζSÉiÉÉÊxÉ {ÉnùÉÊxÉ +vªÉäÊiÉ* 2. ¶ÉÉJÉÒªÉÉʦÉGò¨É& (Branching Programme) +ºªÉ ¶ÉÉJÉÒªÉʦÉGò¨ÉºªÉ |ÉÊiÉ{ÉÉnùEò& ¸ÉÒ. BxÉÂ. B. Eèòb÷¨ÉǽþÉänùªÉÉä ¦É´ÉÊiÉ* +ªÉ¨ÉÉʦÉGò¨É& {ÉÉ`ö¬É¶ÉÉxÉÉÆ |ɺiÉÖiÉÒEò®úhÉɺªÉ Eò¶SÉxÉ |ɦÉɴɶÉɱÉÒ |ÉÊ´ÉÊvɦÉÇ´ÉÊiÉ* +jÉ +xÉäEäò ʶÉIÉhÉʺÉrùÉxiÉÉ& |ɪÉÖVªÉxiÉä* ¶ÉÉJÉÒªÉÉʦÉGò¨É{ÉnùºªÉ {ÉÊ®ú¨ÉÉhɨÉ +iªÉÊvÉEÆò ¦É´ÉÊiÉ* |ÉiªÉäEò {Énäù¹ÉÖ {ÉÉ`ö¬É¶ÉÉiÉ {É®Æú ¤É½ÖþÊ´ÉEò±{ÉÉi¨ÉEò&
  • 7. ´ÉºiÉÖÊxɹEò|ɶxÉ& ¦É´ÉÊiÉ, ªÉºªÉÉäkÉ®Æú UôÉjÉ& º´ÉÊ´É´ÉäEòÉxÉÖºÉÉ®Æú ºÉÚSɪÉÊiÉ* - Remedial Frame - Main Frame 3. +´É®úÉä½þÉʦÉGò¨É (Mathemetics programme) lÉɨɺÉÂ.B¡ò. ÊMɱɤÉ]ÇÂõ ¨É½þÉänùªÉ& +ºªÉ +´É®úÉä½þÉÊ¡òGò¨ÉºªÉ ={ÉYÉÉiÉÉ ¦É´ÉÊiÉ* +vªÉªÉxÉÉlÉÇEòÉiÉ "¨ÉälÉÒxÉÂ' <ÊiÉ OÉÒEò¶É¤nùÉiÉ Êxɹ{ÉzÉʨÉnÆù {ÉnÆù "¨ÉälÉÊ]õCºÉÂ' <ÊiÉ* +Éκ¨ÉzÉʦÉGò¨Éä {ÉnùÉxÉÉÆ |ɺiÉÖÊiÉ& +´É®úÉä½þGò¨ÉähÉ ¦É´ÉiÉÒÊiÉ +ªÉ¨É +´É®úÉä½þÉʦÉGò¨É& <iªÉÖªªÉiÉä* B D C A 1 2 3 4 C B D A D C B A
  • 8. "{ÉÉ`ö¬Ê´É¹ÉªÉä ÊxÉ{ÉÖhÉiÉɨÉÖi{ÉÉnùʪÉiÉÖÆ VÉÊ]õ±ÉiªÉ´É½þÉ®úºÉ¨ÉÚ½þºªÉ ʴɶ±Éä¹ÉhÉÉlÉÈ, {ÉÖxÉ& ºÉRÂóPÉÉ]õxÉÉlÉǺSÉ {ÉÖxɤÉDZÉxÉʺÉrùxiÉÉxÉÉÆ ºÉÖ´ªÉ´ÉκlÉiÉ|ɪÉÉäMÉ& +´É®úÉä½þÉʦÉGò¨É'<ÊiÉ ÊxɯûiªÉiÉä* (Mathetics is defined as systematic application of reinforcement theory to the analysis and construction of complex repertoires which represent the maslery in subjectively matter.) ={ɺÉƽþÉ®ú¨É EòɪÉÇIɨɴªÉÊHò¤ÉÉävÉxÉÉªÉ ºÉ½þɪÉEÆò ¤É½ÚþÊxÉ xÉ´ÉÒxÉ |É´ÉiÉÇxÉä¹ÉÖ +iªÉxiÉÆ |ÉÉvÉÉxªÉ¨É½ÇþÊiÉ Gò¨ÉÒEÞòiÉ{É`öxɨÉÂ* Gò¨ÉÒEÞòiÉ{É`öxÉÆ º´ÉªÉ¨ÉvªÉªÉxɺªÉ º´ÉªÉƨÉÚ±ªÉÉÊxÉhÉǪɺªÉ SÉ iÉxjÉ¨É (¨ÉÉMÉǨÉÂ) ¦É´ÉÊiÉ* ¤ÉÉävÉxÉÆ ´ªÉÊHòÊxɹ`Æö EòiÉÖÈ Ê´ÉtɦªÉɺɺÉÉRÂóEäòÊiÉEò Ê´ÉtɪÉÉ& BEò¨ÉÖ{ÉÉÊvÉ& (BEÆò ¨ÉÉMÉǨÉÂ) <ÊiÉ ®úÒiªÉÉ Gò¨ÉÒEÞòiÉ{É`öxɨÉ +iªÉÉÊvÉEÆò ºÉ½þɪÉEÆò¦É´ÉÊiÉ*