1. The Rostow Model

4. time

5. level of development
time

6. level of development
The Traditional
Society
time

7. level of development
The Traditional
Society
time

8. level of development
Pre-conditions
for Take Off
The Traditional
Society
time

9. level of development
Pre-conditions
for Take Off
The Traditional
Society
time

10. level of development
Take Off
Pre-conditions
for Take Off
The Traditional
Society
time

11. level of development
Take Off
Pre-conditions
for Take Off
The Traditional
Society
time

12. level of development
The Drive to
Maturity
Take Off
Pre-conditions
for Take Off
The Traditional
Society
time

13. level of development
The Drive to
Maturity
Take Off
Pre-conditions
for Take Off
The Traditional
Society
time

14. level of development High Mass
Consumption
The Drive to
Maturity
Take Off
Pre-conditions
for Take Off
The Traditional
Society
time

15. The Rostow Model - The Stages of Economic Growth
Walt Whitman Rostow (1916- 2003)

16. The Rostow Model - The Stages of Economic Growth
W. W. Rostow was American.
Walt Whitman Rostow (1916- 2003)

17. The Rostow Model - The Stages of Economic Growth
W. W. Rostow was American.
He developed his model in 1960.
Walt Whitman Rostow (1916- 2003)

18. The Rostow Model - The Stages of Economic Growth
W. W. Rostow was American.
He developed his model in 1960.
It was based upon the study of 15 mainly European
countries.
Walt Whitman Rostow (1916- 2003)

19. The Rostow Model - The Stages of Economic Growth
W. W. Rostow was American.
He developed his model in 1960.
It was based upon the study of 15 mainly European
countries.
He suggested that all countries had the potential to
break the cycle of poverty and develop through 5 linear
Walt Whitman Rostow (1916- 2003)
stages.

20. The Rostow Model - Employment Structure

21. The Rostow Model - Employment Structure
The Traditional
Society
Pre-conditions
for Take Off
Take Off
The Drive to
Maturity
High Mass
Consumption

22. The Rostow Model - Employment Structure
Primary Sector Secondary Sector Tertiary Sector
The Traditional
Society
Pre-conditions
for Take Off
Take Off
The Drive to
Maturity
High Mass
Consumption

23. The Rostow Model - Employment Structure
Primary Sector Secondary Sector Tertiary Sector
The Traditional
Society Vast Majority
Pre-conditions
for Take Off
Take Off
The Drive to
Maturity
High Mass
Consumption

24. The Rostow Model - Employment Structure
Primary Sector Secondary Sector Tertiary Sector
The Traditional
Society Vast Majority Very Few
Pre-conditions
for Take Off
Take Off
The Drive to
Maturity
High Mass
Consumption

25. The Rostow Model - Employment Structure
Primary Sector Secondary Sector Tertiary Sector
The Traditional
Society Vast Majority Very Few Very Few
Pre-conditions
for Take Off
Take Off
The Drive to
Maturity
High Mass
Consumption

26. The Rostow Model - Employment Structure
Primary Sector Secondary Sector Tertiary Sector
The Traditional
Society Vast Majority Very Few Very Few
Pre-conditions
for Take Off Vast Majority
Take Off
The Drive to
Maturity
High Mass
Consumption

27. The Rostow Model - Employment Structure
Primary Sector Secondary Sector Tertiary Sector
The Traditional
Society Vast Majority Very Few Very Few
Pre-conditions
Vast Majority Few
for Take Off
Take Off
The Drive to
Maturity
High Mass
Consumption

28. The Rostow Model - Employment Structure
Primary Sector Secondary Sector Tertiary Sector
The Traditional
Society Vast Majority Very Few Very Few
Pre-conditions
Vast Majority Few Very Few
for Take Off
Take Off
The Drive to
Maturity
High Mass
Consumption

29. The Rostow Model - Employment Structure
Primary Sector Secondary Sector Tertiary Sector
The Traditional
Society Vast Majority Very Few Very Few
Pre-conditions
Vast Majority Few Very Few
for Take Off
Take Off Declining
The Drive to
Maturity
High Mass
Consumption

30. The Rostow Model - Employment Structure
Primary Sector Secondary Sector Tertiary Sector
The Traditional
Society Vast Majority Very Few Very Few
Pre-conditions
Vast Majority Few Very Few
for Take Off
Take Off Declining Rapid Growth
The Drive to
Maturity
High Mass
Consumption

31. The Rostow Model - Employment Structure
Primary Sector Secondary Sector Tertiary Sector
The Traditional
Society Vast Majority Very Few Very Few
Pre-conditions
Vast Majority Few Very Few
for Take Off
Take Off Declining Rapid Growth Few
The Drive to
Maturity
High Mass
Consumption

32. The Rostow Model - Employment Structure
Primary Sector Secondary Sector Tertiary Sector
The Traditional
Society Vast Majority Very Few Very Few
Pre-conditions
Vast Majority Few Very Few
for Take Off
Take Off Declining Rapid Growth Few
The Drive to
Few
Maturity
High Mass
Consumption

33. The Rostow Model - Employment Structure
Primary Sector Secondary Sector Tertiary Sector
The Traditional
Society Vast Majority Very Few Very Few
Pre-conditions
Vast Majority Few Very Few
for Take Off
Take Off Declining Rapid Growth Few
The Drive to
Few Stable
Maturity
High Mass
Consumption

34. The Rostow Model - Employment Structure
Primary Sector Secondary Sector Tertiary Sector
The Traditional
Society Vast Majority Very Few Very Few
Pre-conditions
Vast Majority Few Very Few
for Take Off
Take Off Declining Rapid Growth Few
The Drive to
Few Stable Growing Rapidly
Maturity
High Mass
Consumption

35. The Rostow Model - Employment Structure
Primary Sector Secondary Sector Tertiary Sector
The Traditional
Society Vast Majority Very Few Very Few
Pre-conditions
Vast Majority Few Very Few
for Take Off
Take Off Declining Rapid Growth Few
The Drive to
Few Stable Growing Rapidly
Maturity
High Mass
Very Few
Consumption

36. The Rostow Model - Employment Structure
Primary Sector Secondary Sector Tertiary Sector
The Traditional
Society Vast Majority Very Few Very Few
Pre-conditions
Vast Majority Few Very Few
for Take Off
Take Off Declining Rapid Growth Few
The Drive to
Few Stable Growing Rapidly
Maturity
High Mass
Very Few Declining
Consumption

37. The Rostow Model - Employment Structure
Primary Sector Secondary Sector Tertiary Sector
The Traditional
Society Vast Majority Very Few Very Few
Pre-conditions
Vast Majority Few Very Few
for Take Off
Take Off Declining Rapid Growth Few
The Drive to
Few Stable Growing Rapidly
Maturity
High Mass
Very Few Declining Vast Majority
Consumption

38. The Traditional Society

39. The Traditional Society
A subsistence economy based on farming.

40. The Traditional Society
A subsistence economy based on farming.
Output is consumed by producers rather than traded. Trade is by barter
where goods are exchanged or 'swapped‘.

41. The Traditional Society
A subsistence economy based on farming.
Output is consumed by producers rather than traded. Trade is by barter
where goods are exchanged or 'swapped‘.
Agriculture is the most important industry and production is labour intensive,
using only limited quantities of capital.

42. The Traditional Society
A subsistence economy based on farming.
Output is consumed by producers rather than traded. Trade is by barter
where goods are exchanged or 'swapped‘.
Agriculture is the most important industry and production is labour intensive,
using only limited quantities of capital.
There is very limited technology or capital to process raw materials or develop
industries and services.

43. Pre-conditions for Take Off

44. Pre-conditions for Take Off
Surpluses for trading emerge supported by an emerging transport
infrastructure.

45. Pre-conditions for Take Off
Surpluses for trading emerge supported by an emerging transport
infrastructure.
Agriculture becomes more commercialized and mechanized with
technological improvements.

46. Pre-conditions for Take Off
Surpluses for trading emerge supported by an emerging transport
infrastructure.
Agriculture becomes more commercialized and mechanized with
technological improvements.
Levels of capital grow. Savings and investment grow. Entrepreneurs emerge.

47. Pre-conditions for Take Off
Surpluses for trading emerge supported by an emerging transport
infrastructure.
Agriculture becomes more commercialized and mechanized with
technological improvements.
Levels of capital grow. Savings and investment grow. Entrepreneurs emerge.
A single industry begins to dominate – often textiles.

48. Take Off

49. Take Off
Industrialization increases, with workers switching from the land to
manufacturing. This may cause large scale rural-urban migration.

50. Take Off
Industrialization increases, with workers switching from the land to
manufacturing. This may cause large scale rural-urban migration.
Growth is concentrated in a few regions of the country and in one or two
industries.

51. Take Off
Industrialization increases, with workers switching from the land to
manufacturing. This may cause large scale rural-urban migration.
Growth is concentrated in a few regions of the country and in one or two
industries.
New political and social institutions are evolving to support industrialization.

52. Take Off
Industrialization increases, with workers switching from the land to
manufacturing. This may cause large scale rural-urban migration.
Growth is concentrated in a few regions of the country and in one or two
industries.
New political and social institutions are evolving to support industrialization.
Airports, roads and railways are built.

53. The Drive to Maturity

54. The Drive to Maturity
Growth is now diverse supported by technological innovation. It should be
self sustaining.

55. The Drive to Maturity
Growth is now diverse supported by technological innovation. It should be
self sustaining.
Economic development spreads to all parts.

56. The Drive to Maturity
Growth is now diverse supported by technological innovation. It should be
self sustaining.
Economic development spreads to all parts.
A more complex transport system develops.

57. The Drive to Maturity
Growth is now diverse supported by technological innovation. It should be
self sustaining.
Economic development spreads to all parts.
A more complex transport system develops.
Increase in number and types of industry.

58. The Drive to Maturity
Growth is now diverse supported by technological innovation. It should be
self sustaining.
Economic development spreads to all parts.
A more complex transport system develops.
Increase in number and types of industry.
Manufacturing expands as early industries decline.

59. High Mass Consumption

60. High Mass Consumption
Rapid expansion of tertiary industry.

61. High Mass Consumption
Rapid expansion of tertiary industry.
Industry shifts to production of durable consumer goods.

62. level of development High Mass
Consumption
The Drive to
Maturity
Take Off
Pre-conditions
for Take Off
The Traditional
Society
time

63. level of development High Mass
Consumption
The Drive to
Maturity
Take Off
UK 1750
Pre-conditions
USA 1800
Japan 1880
for Take Off
The Traditional
Society
time

64. level of development High Mass
Consumption
The Drive to
Maturity
Take Off
UK 1750
Pre-conditions
USA 1800
Japan 1880
for Take Off
The Traditional
Society
time

65. level of development High Mass
Consumption
The Drive to
Maturity
Take Off
UK 1750
Pre-conditions
USA 1800
Japan 1880
for Take Off
The Traditional
Society
time

66. level of development High Mass
Consumption
The Drive to
Maturity
UK 1820
USA 1850 Take Off
Japan 1900
UK 1750
Pre-conditions
USA 1800
Japan 1880
for Take Off
The Traditional
Society
time

67. level of development High Mass
Consumption
The Drive to
Maturity
UK 1820
USA 1850 Take Off
Japan 1900
UK 1750
Pre-conditions
USA 1800
Japan 1880
for Take Off
The Traditional
Society
time

68. level of development High Mass
Consumption
The Drive to
Maturity
UK 1820
USA 1850 Take Off
Japan 1900
UK 1750
Pre-conditions
USA 1800
Japan 1880
for Take Off
The Traditional
Society
time

69. level of development High Mass
Consumption
UK 1850
USA 1920
The Drive to
Japan 1930
Maturity
UK 1820
USA 1850 Take Off
Japan 1900
UK 1750
Pre-conditions
USA 1800
Japan 1880
for Take Off
The Traditional
Society
time

70. level of development High Mass
Consumption
UK 1850
USA 1920
The Drive to
Japan 1930
Maturity
UK 1820
USA 1850 Take Off
Japan 1900
UK 1750
Pre-conditions
USA 1800
Japan 1880
for Take Off
The Traditional
Society
time

71. level of development High Mass
Consumption
UK 1850
USA 1920
The Drive to
Japan 1930
Maturity
UK 1820
USA 1850 Take Off
Japan 1900
UK 1750
Pre-conditions
USA 1800
Japan 1880
for Take Off
The Traditional
Society
time

72. level of development UK 1940
High Mass
USA 1930
Japan 1950
Consumption
UK 1850
USA 1920
The Drive to
Japan 1930
Maturity
UK 1820
USA 1850 Take Off
Japan 1900
UK 1750
Pre-conditions
USA 1800
Japan 1880
for Take Off
The Traditional
Society
time

73. level of development UK 1940
High Mass
USA 1930
Japan 1950
Consumption
UK 1850
USA 1920
The Drive to
Japan 1930
Maturity
UK 1820
USA 1850 Take Off
Japan 1900
UK 1750
Pre-conditions
USA 1800
Japan 1880
for Take Off
The Traditional
Society
time

74. level of development UK 1940
High Mass
USA 1930
Japan 1950
Consumption
UK 1850
USA 1920
The Drive to
Japan 1930
Maturity
UK 1820
USA 1850 Take Off
Japan 1900
UK 1750
Pre-conditions
USA 1800
Japan 1880
for Take Off
The Traditional
Society
time

75. The Rostow Model - Criticisms

76. The Rostow Model - Criticisms
The model is outdated (produced in 1960) and oversimplified.

77. The Rostow Model - Criticisms
The model is outdated (produced in 1960) and oversimplified.
The model assumes that all countries start at the same level and with the
same resources, population, climate etc.

78. The Rostow Model - Criticisms
The model is outdated (produced in 1960) and oversimplified.
The model assumes that all countries start at the same level and with the
same resources, population, climate etc.
While capital is needed to advance beyond ‘the traditional society’ - often this
capital arrives in the form of a injection of development aid. Debt repayments
can delay and even prevent a country from reaching ‘take off’.

79. The Rostow Model - Criticisms
The model is outdated (produced in 1960) and oversimplified.
The model assumes that all countries start at the same level and with the
same resources, population, climate etc.
While capital is needed to advance beyond ‘the traditional society’ - often this
capital arrives in the form of a injection of development aid. Debt repayments
can delay and even prevent a country from reaching ‘take off’.
The model underestimates the extent to which the development of some
countries in the past was at the expense of others through colonization and
imperialism.