This document discusses different perspectives on intelligence. It describes primary mental abilities as core constructs that explain cognitive differences, as proposed by Thurstone. These include verbal comprehension, spatial orientation, inductive reasoning, number facility, word fluency, associative memory, and perceptual speed. Secondary mental abilities are organized clusters of primary abilities that can be more easily measured. They represent combinations of primary abilities hooked together into something functional for measuring intelligence.

1. CSS General Science Solved Paper
CSS General Science & Ability Paper 2016
Q.No.10 (a) Define and draw the following:
(a) Right-angle Triangle
(b) Equilateral Triangle
Answer
A triangle is a closed geometric shape with three interior angles and three sides. The sum of the
three interior triangles is always 180° of every type of triangle.
(a) Right-angle Triangle
Right-angle Triangle is triangle where one of its interior angles is of 90°. And, the sum of the
remaining two interior angles is also 90° to make a total of 180°.
Here, A + B = 90°
(b) Equilateral Triangle
An Equilateral Triangle is a triangle where all the three sides of a triangle have the same length, and
all the three interior angles are of 60° each.
The three sides have the same length "a".
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2. CSS General Science Solved Paper 2016
CSS General Science & Ability Paper 2016
Q.No.10 (b) There are nine students in a group having ages 15, 15, 16, 16, 16, 17, 17, 18, 19.
Calculate mean, median, mode and range of their ages also define the above mentioned terms.
Mean
The mean is defined as, the sum of the values divided by the number of values.
The mean of the above data set is given as,
Median
The middle value of an arranged data set is called median.
Arranged data means writing the values in ascending order. The given values in ascending order are
given as:
15, 15, 16, 16, 16, 17, 17, 18, 19 (already in ascending order)
Hence, the median of the above data set is given as,
The median is 16.
Mode
The mode is the most repeated value in a data set.
The most repeated value in the given data is 16. Hence, the mode is 16.
Range
Range is the difference between the largest value and the smallest value.
In the given data set the largest value is 19, and the smallest value is 15. Hence,
Range = 19 − 15 = 4
CSS General Science Solved Paper
CSS General Science & Ability Paper 2016
Q.No.11 (a) A distribution company provides households to departmental stores within a 50

3. kilometers radius. The table below shows how far each departmental store is from the godown of the
distribution company.
Distance from the godown of the
distribution company
Number of Stores
10 kilometers or less 03
11 to 20 kilometers 15
21 to 30 kilometers 26
31 to 40 kilometers 20
41 to 50 kilometers 16
(i) How many stores does the distribution company serve?
(ii) What is the most common distance of stores from the company's godown?
(iii) How many stores are 35 km or more from the godown?
(iii) What percentage of stores are 31 km or more from the godown?
Answer
Consider the table again,
Distance from the godown of the
distribution company
Number of Stores
10 kilometers or less 03
11 to 20 kilometers 15
21 to 30 kilometers 26
31 to 40 kilometers 20
41 to 50 kilometers 16
Total Number of Stores 80
(i) The distribution company serves 80 stores.
(ii) The most common distance of stores from the company's godown is 21 to 30 kilometers
(because it has the maximum frequency; 26 stores).
(iii) There are 16 stores which are 41 km or more from the godown, and 20 stores which are
between 31 to 40 km from the godown. From the table we cannot say anything that how many of
these 20 stores are 35 km or more from the godown.
(iv) There are 20+16=36 stores which are 31 km or more from the godown. Hence, the percentage
of these stores is given as,

4. Q.No.12 (a) Classification of blood groups is based on the presence or absence of inherited
antigenic substances on the surface of red blood cells. In a survey of British population the blood
group distribution among 1000 people was as follows: 300 has blood group A, 325 had blood group
B, 250 had O and 125 AB. Out of this group a person was selected at random, calculate his
probability of having blood group AB.
Solution
Here, Total Events (No: of people sampled) = 1000
People with Blood Group A = 300
People with Blood Group B = 325
People with Blood Group O = 250
People with Blood Group AB = 125
Thus,
CSS General Science Solved Paper
CSS General Science & Ability Paper 2016
Q.No.12 (b) Five friends Ahmed, Ali, Akbar, Nasir and Shehbaz went on summer vacation to five
cities namely V, W, X, Y and Z by five different modes of transportation, that is by bus, train,
airplane, car and boat from point A. Akbar went to Y by car and Ali went to X by air. Nasir travelled
by boat whereas Shehbaz went by train. For X and W there is no bus service. The person who went
to X did not use boat to travel. Now answer the following questions:
(i) How did Ahmed travel and where did he go?
(ii) Which mode of transport was used by the person who travelled to X city?
Solution
From the given information, we have
Person City Transport
Akbar Y Car

5. Ali X Airplane
Nasir Boat
Shehbaz Train
NOTE: In table, the only remaining person and transport are Ahmed and bus. So, Ahmed must be
travelled by bus. And, it is also given that there is no bus service to W. Hence, Ahmed must be gone
to V or Z. Hence,
(i) Ahmed travelled by bus and went to V or Z.
(ii) It is given that (see table) Ali went to X by airplane.
If BOMBAY is written as MYMYMY, how will TAMIL NADU be written in that code ?
Option:
A. TIATIATIA
B. MNUMNUMNU
C. IATIATIAT
D. ALDALDALD
E. None of these
Answer: B . MNUMNUMNU
Justification:
The letters at the third and sixth places are repeated thrice to code BOMBAY as
MYMYMY.
Similarly, the letters at the third, sixth and ninth places are repeated thrice to code
TAMIL NADU as MNUMNUMNU.

6. Intelligence: is loosely defined as an innate ability to learn and
retain information to deal with problems or situations. I say loosely for
two reasons. The first, which is a general reason, is that it is not a
physical structure or something that we can pull out of the head and
measure. It is a theoretical construct, meaning we have learned about it
from psychological experiments, testing and developed theories on how
we process information. This means, while we are measuring it as a real
thing, it isn't quite as easy as measuring the output of your spleen or the
volume of your skull.
The second reason we are loosely defining intelligence is that there is a
debate between primary and secondary mental abilities. Both of those
are going to take a bit to explain, so let's make them their own sections.
Primary Mental Abilities
Primary mental abilities were first discussed by L.L. Thurstone in 1935 and
could be described as latent core constructs that can explain nearly all
cognitive differences. Thurstone was doing research at a time when
intelligence tests were first coming on the scene and people were arguing
between two basic camps. One camp stated that all intelligence was just a
reflection of a single, general intelligence. Others believed that intelligence is
multifaceted and that you can have higher and lower facets.
Thurstone administered dozens of psychological tests and found that, while
he could not answer if intelligence all comes from a single source or is
multifaceted, that we do show our intelligence in just a handful of ways. That's
a little confusing, since I seem to be saying two opposite things. What
Thurstone found was that when measuring intelligence, there are only a
handful of aspects that really matter. For example, he found the following
aspects:
 Verbal comprehension
 Spatial orientation
 Inductive reasoning
 Number facility

7.  Word fluency
 Associative memory
 Perceptual speed
The thing is, these are fairly difficult to study on their own. Think about trying
to study associative memory without also mixing in some language. Or, how
does one use numbers without also using some language? Or, there may be
other things influencing or supporting these primary mental abilities. To fully
grasp all the primary abilities, we are going to need to look at secondary
mental abilities.
Secondary Mental Abilities
Secondary mental abilities are organized clusters of primary mental
abilities. Sorry about using 'primary mental abilities' in the definition of
secondary, but it was the best way to explain it. Basically, primary
mental abilities are like pieces of an erector set or Legos. On their own,
they are unique and exclusive ways to measure intelligence, but you
can't really do much with a single Lego or a piece of an erector set. What
secondary mental abilities do is hook primary mental abilities together
into something measurable and functional.