Follow me now on slideshare http://www.slideshare.net/gohbangrui These slides are used to explain the idea of writing an argumentative essay for English Language. Students are introduced to the concept of writing an argumentative essay and then expected to write a speech based on three appeals to the audience - logos, pathos and ethos. From there, they are to write an argumentative essay. These slides also explain the concept of evidence and its various examples. If you have any feedback, please comment and like it if you find it useful.

1. ENGLISH
LANGUAGE
ARGUMENTATIVE WRITING

2. Argumentative
Opinions

3. Purpose
ARGUMENTATIVE
• Used to persuade the
reader that your opinion is
correct

4. Purpose
ARGUMENTATIVE
• Used to persuade the
reader that your opinion is
correct
• Opinion is clearly stated,
rather than appearing
neutral.

5. Focus
Focused on an
OPINIONa debatable claim

6. Convince
your readers

7. Convince
of the validity of your opinion using
your readers

8. Concrete Evidence
Studies

9. Concrete Evidence
Studies News
Articles

10. Concrete Evidence
Studies News
Articles
Expert
Opinions

11. Concrete Evidence
Studies News
Articles
Expert
Opinions
Statistics,
etc.

12. 3 Questions
What real-
world
examples can
I use to support
my thesis
statement?

13. 3 Questions
What real-
world
examples can
I use to support
my thesis
statement?
What experts
in the field
might agree
with me?

14. 3 Questions
What real-
world
examples can
I use to support
my thesis
statement?
What experts
in the field
might agree
with me?
How can I
address and
refute the
opposition’s
claims?

15. Structure
Introduction

16. Structure
Introduction Body

17. Structure
Introduction Body Conclusion

18. Introduction
Leads the reader to your
opinion
on the topic,
Para
graph
1

19. Introduction
which is clearly stated in a
thesis statement of
1-3sentences
Leads the reader to your
opinion
on the topic,
Para
graph
1

20. Thesis Statement
is your
CLAIM

21. Your claim
is your
your position or stand on the issue

22. Your claim
is your
your position or stand on the issue
What view you
want your readers to
accept

23. Your claim
is your
your position or stand on the issue
What view you
want your readers to
accept
What action you
want your readers to
take

24. Body
Discusses the ways in which
external sources (eg.
studies, news articles,
journals, interviews, etc.)
are evidence
that support your thesis
statement.
Para
graph
2
Para
graph
3
Para
graph
4

25. Body
Discusses the ways in which
external sources (eg.
studies, news articles,
journals, interviews, etc.)
are evidence
that support your thesis
statement.
Refutes
opposing arguments,
saying why counterarguments
are incorrect.
Para
graph
2
Para
graph
3
Para
graph
4

26. Explanation
and
of your claim to explain
Justification

27. Explanation
and
of your claim to explain
Justification
Why?

28. Explanation
and
of your claim to explain
Justification
Why? How?

29. EVIDENCE
You will need
which are credible.

30. Credibility
depends on
Relevant to the
topic

31. Credibility
depends on
Relevant to the
topic
Provided by a
credible source (an
expert in the field)

32. Credibility
depends on
Relevant to the
topic
Provided by a
credible source (an
expert in the field)
Reputable
(i.e.available contact
information, up-to-
date source etc.)

33. Opposition
Address
opinions
that may
oppose
your claims

34. Opposition
Address
opinions
that may
oppose
your claims
Understand
differing
viewpoints

35. Rebuttal
Refutes
differing
viewpoints
with logical
evidence and
reasons

36. Rebuttal
Refutes
differing
viewpoints
with logical
evidence and
reasons
Uses the opposition’s
reasons to win your
own argument (i.e.
find areas of
weakness or
irrational logic
in their argument to
strengthen your own)

37. Rebuttal
Refutes
differing
viewpoints
with logical
evidence and
reasons
Uses the opposition’s
reasons to win your
own argument (i.e.
find areas of
weakness or
irrational logic
in their argument to
strengthen your own)
Let them see
your side

38. Appeal
to Audience
Ethos
–
Credibility
Pathos
–
Emotions
Logos
–
Logic
Aristotle developed
these 3 appeals to
audience which are
often used in
arguments.

39. Ethos
Ethos (Greek for
'character') refers to the
trustworthiness or
credibility of the writer or
speaker.

40. Ethos
Ethos (Greek for
'character') refers to the
trustworthiness or
credibility of the writer or
speaker.
Ethos is built through
honesty.

41. Pathos
Pathos (Greek for 'suffering'
or 'experience') is often
associated with emotional
appeal.

42. Pathos
Pathos (Greek for 'suffering'
or 'experience') is often
associated with emotional
appeal.
Pathos pulls on the
heartstrings of your
audience to take action.

43. Logos
Logos (Greek for 'word')
refers to the message
internal consistency
• clarity of the claim
• logic of its reasons
• effectiveness of its
supporting evidence

44. Logos
Logos (Greek for 'word')
refers to the message
internal consistency
• clarity of the claim
• logic of its reasons
• effectiveness of its
supporting evidence
Logos refers to the logic.

45. Conclusion
Restates overall
argument
and gives a sense of closure.
Para
graph
5

46. Conclusion
Restates overall
argument
and gives a sense of closure.
Do
notintroduce a new
argument.
Para
graph
5

47. Remember
1
It is not enough to simply
state whether you agree/
disagree with the author or
speaker. Instead, you must
clearly articulate why you
agree/ disagree.

48. Remember
1
It is not enough to simply
state whether you agree/
disagree with the author or
speaker. Instead, you must
clearly articulate why you
agree/ disagree.
2
Always provide evidence
from valid external sources
(newspaper articles,
studies, interviews,
statistics, etc.) to support
your thesis.

49. Checklist
• Be clear
• Be focused
• Take a position
Thesis Statement

50. Checklist
• Be clear
• Be focused
• Take a position
Thesis Statement
• Support thesis statement using external sources
(newspaper articles, interviews, studies, statistics, etc.)
• Clearly explain how these external sources support your
thesis statement
• Refute counterarguments
Body Paragraphs

51. Checklist
• Be clear
• Be focused
• Take a position
Thesis Statement
• Support thesis statement using external sources
(newspaper articles, interviews, studies, statistics, etc.)
• Clearly explain how these external sources support your
thesis statement
• Refute counterarguments
Body Paragraphs
• Free of spelling, and grammar errors
• Avoid first person narration
• Overall paper is not expository
• Does not extensively summarise the text or speech
• Does not repeat what the author or speaker has already
stated
• Does not just compare and contrast
General

52. Created by
Goh Bang Rui
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