The document summarizes non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). It discusses their mechanism of action by inhibiting cyclooxygenase enzymes and reducing prostaglandin formation, leading to analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic effects. NSAIDs are classified based on selectivity for COX-1 and COX-2. Common NSAIDs and their uses for pain relief are described. Adverse effects include gastric irritation and bleeding. Dental considerations advise avoiding NSAIDs if allergic and not using aspirin before and after surgery due to bleeding risk.
2. CONTENTS
• INTRODUCTION
• MECHANISM OF ACTION
• CLASSIFICATION
• THERAPEUTIC USES
• DOSES OF FEW DRUGS
• ADVERSE EFFECTS
• DENTAL CONSIDERATIONS
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3. NSAIDs
• Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
• Large & chemically diverse group of drugs
with the following properties :
- Analgesic
- Anti-inflammatory
- Antipyretic
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4. • It inhibits cyclooxygenase ( COX )
enzymes, which is responsible for the
formation of prostaglandins that
promote pain & inflammation.
NSAIDs : Mechanism of Action
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5. NSAIDs : Mechanism of Action
• Analgesic effect : Blocks the undesirable effects
of prostaglandin which causes pain.
• Anti-inflammatory effect : Inhibit the leukotriene
pathway or the prostaglandin pathway or both.
• Antipyretic effect : Inhibit prostaglandin E2
( dinoprostone ) within the area of the brain that
controls temperature
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12. OTHERS
• Asthma exacerbation
• Nasal polyposis : Soft, painless,
noncancerous growths on the lining of nasal
passages or sinuses.
• Skin rashes
• Pruritus : Severe itching of the skin
• Angioedema : Rapid swelling of the dermis,
subcutaneous tissue, mucosa & submucosal
tissues.
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13. DENTAL CONSIDERATIONS
• If patient is allergic to any NSAID, you will have to
avoid them.
• Paracetamol is the safest NSAID.
• Ibuprofen is contraindicated in asthma patients as it causes
bronchoconstriction.
- It is not recommended for pregnant or nursing women.
• If the patient is taking aspirin, then no surgery or even simple
extraction should be done.
- As it can lead to profuse bleeding because of its antiplatlet-
action. Aspirin should be stopped before 7-10 days of any
surgical procedure till 2-3 days after procedure.
- Young children are highly susceptible to aspirin
poisoning (therapeutic overdose).
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14. REFERENCE
• ESSENTIALS OF PHARMACOLOGY FOR
DENTISREY BY K D TRIPATHI 2ND
EDITION
• BURKET’S ORAL MEDICINE 12TH
EDITION
• TEXTBOOK OF ORAL &
MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY BY S M
BALAJI 2ND EDITION
• WIKIPEDIA
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