1. Good Day! DRAW A LINE SEPARATING TODAY & YESTERDAY 1) Write: Date: 02/01/10 , Topic: Investing 2) On the next line, write “ Opener #15 ” and then: 1) Plot your mood, reflect in 1 sent . 2) Respond to the opener by writing at least 2 sentences about : Your opinions/thoughts OR/AND Questions sparked by the clip OR/AND Summary of the clip OR/AND Other things going on in the news. Announcements: None Intro Music: Untitled
2. Agenda 1) Book Checkout (after class) 2) Investing Basics End Goal, you will be able to… 1) How to invest? Reminder 1) Pick your stocks by Monday 2) Test 1 (Version 2.0) Monday 130pts: 100mc/30frq (10pts for 1 st take)
3. Review 1) Law of Demand : Price lower, buy more of it. Price is higher, buy less of it ( not about wanting, about really buying )
4. 2) Law of Supply : Price lower, supply less of it. Price is higher, supply more of it ( not about wanting, about really making+selling )
5. 3) Price Equilibrium (PE) : Most transactions possible. Competition pulls price to PE. Above PE: Surplus, Below PE: Shortage. (Does not mean anyone is happy!)
6. 4) Investing : With inflation, money not invested loses spending power . a) Principal : Your initial amount of money b) Interest : % of principal added to principal c) Real Interest : % minus inflation d) Compounding Interest : % on top of principal + past interest e) Rule of 72 : Divide 72 by % to find how long to 2x
7. f) Determining Rates : Risk + Time + Amount increase Rates (this applies to loans + investments)
8. 5) Saving Rate/Interest Rate : Banks give interest to attract money, loan that money, charge interests, skip off the difference for profit. So saving rates and lending rates are connected (of course lending rates are higher than saving)
9. Debtors: Owe compounding interest Most Americans are debtors, so when interest goes up, it hurts them because their interest terms of borrowing like on credit cards go up. They get poorer. Investors: Earn compounding interest Most Americans fail to do this, but most Americans are poor, don’t be most Americans. When interest goes up, they earn more . Money makes them money! Borrowing of edu/biz also an investment!
10. Notes #15a , Title: “ Investing ” 1) ROI : Return on your investment 2) Investment Philosophy : Low Profit-Certain Return Example: CDs, Gov Bonds Med Profit-Med Risk Example: Mutual Funds, Big Corp (Blue Chip) Stocks, Big Corp Bonds High Profit-High Risk Example: New Stocks, Junk Bonds
11. Work # , Title “ Investment Personality ” 1) Write down which investment philosophy best suites you. Explain. High Risk/High Profit Med Risk/Med Profit Low Risk/Low Profit 2) Write down your partner’s philosophy ( include their name ). Be prepared to present.
12. ) Savings Accounts : Chase 0.01% a) Money Market Account: Higher interests, higher deposit required. Chase 0.75%@$25k ) Certificate of Deposits (CD) : Higher interest by freezing money for set time. Chase 1%@4 yrs Note: These rates are extremely low, because the Federal Reserve Rate is 0%, we’ll talk about that later.
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15. Review Real Interest/Real Profit Rate: Interest rate minus inflation. Shows how much money you are really making. Example of Bank’s Profit Model: Loan: @ 6% Savings Rate: @ 0.25% Profit Rate: 5.75% Inflation: 3% Real Profit Rate: 2.75%
16. Be the saver (investor) not the borrower. Though smart borrowing is an investment like borrowing for tuition or to start/expand biz. Saver Bank Gives Saver Interest Bank Charged Lender Interest Bank Pockets the Difference
17. Work # “ Saving Debate ” 1) Read the 2 sides, choose 1 side, and write which you choose and explain why . 2) Then write down what your partner thinks ( include their name at the end ). 1 2 3 4 5 CON: Gov should encourage low interest rates 1) Low interest rates encourages spending 2) Spending increases business output, which means more jobs PRO: Gov should encourage high interest rates 1) High interest rates encourages saving 2) Saving allows ppl and biz to make big investments in the future (upgrade tech, educ, etc)
18. Notes #15a , Title: “ Investing ” ) Why do investors get interests? Companies to Raise Money to Grow their Biz: a) Bank loan: Biz give % to bank to get $ loan b) Corporate Bonds: Biz give % to get $ iou from investors (first to be paid back in bankruptcy) c) Stocks: Biz get $ by selling shares of ownership (share profit) d) Private Investments (venture capitalists, private equity firms): Privately sales shares
20. 4) Stocks : Selling share of ownership in the biz to raise money. Buyer earns money 2 ways: a) Sell Shares: to Someone Else at Higher Price b) Receive Dividends : Biz divides profits among shareholders (biz can deny dividends roll $ back in investment)
21. 4) Stocks : Selling share of ownership in the biz to raise money. Buyer earns money 2 ways : a) Sell Shares: to Someone Else at Higher Price b) Receive Dividends : Biz divides profits among shareholders (biz can deny dividends roll $ back in investment)
22. 4) Stocks : Selling share of ownership in the biz to raise money. Buyer earns money 2 ways : a) Sell Shares: to Someone Else at Higher Price b) Receive Dividends : Biz divides profits among shareholders (biz can deny dividends roll $ back in investment)
24. OfficeMax and Continental Airlines both over 90% Return in 2006. Delphi Autoparts and Delta Airlines both lost over 80% in 2006.
25. 5) Stocks Price : Price based on supply + demand . Demand =“perceived” company health
26. 6) Dividend : $ of profit given per share. a) Dividend Yield : Profit % (stock price ÷ dividend)
27. ) Capital Gains Tax : Approx 15% profit when you sell (Lower if held over 1 yr)
28. Work # , “ Capital Gains Tax Debate ” 1) Read the 2 sides, choose 1 side, and write which you choose and explain why . 2) Then write down what your partner thinks ( include their name at the end ). 1 2 3 4 5 CON: Increase tax on capital gains 1) Rich benefit most from lowering capital gains, some rich will pay less 2) Profits from companies don’t account for negative externalities created through their ops PRO: Lower tax on capital gains 1) You want to encourage ppl to invest their money 2) Investments in business let them grow, making the US economy stronger
29. Corporation Basics 1) Private Company : Biz owned privately. Finances are private 2) Corporation/Public Comp : Biz that shares bought/sold. Finances under gov monitoring. 3) Board of Directors (BoD) : Elected by shareholders to hire CEO and set major policies a) Share Vote : Each share equals a vote. Votes elect a BoD 4) CEO : Hired by BoD to run daily operations 5) Duty to Shareholder : Maximize profits
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31. Brokerage Firm : Place to buy investments: stocks, mut. funds, bonds E*Trade (www.etrade.com) $10 per Trade Minimum Starting Amount $1000 18 Years Old
32. Finding Stock Info : www.finance.yahoo.com www.finance.google.com www.reuters.com/finance www.money.com Stock Symbol : 1-4 Letter Company Stock ID Stock Market Hours : 9:30am-4:00pm East (6:30am-1:00pm West)
33. ) Stock Orders : a) Buy : Paying for new shares b) Buying on Margin : Borrowing money from the brokerage to buy stocks ( Adv traders ). c) Sell : Sell shares you currently own d) Sell Short : Selling a stock you don’t own, you’ll buy the stock later to pay off the brokerage ( Adv traders ). e) Limit Order : Buying a stock at a price you set. f) Stop Order : Auto sell a stock at a price you set.
34. 7) Stock Data : Last Trade : Market price for a share Open Trade : Price it opened in morning Daily Range : Today’s high/low range 52 Week Range : Last 12 mo. high/low range a) Market Cap : Stock price X number of shares circulating. Sign of how big the comp is b) Volume : Number of shares sold that day c) Beta : How likely does it swing up/down, 1 is market average, over 1 is more volatile
35. d) EPS (Earnings Per Share): Net Income ÷ Shares Circulating ( Higher is better , more earnings per share: how much earnings per each share of stock, not all earning always given back to shareholders, sometimes re-invested ) e) PE (Price Earnings Ratio ): Stock Price ÷ EPS ( Lower better , more bang for your buck: how much you are paying for $1 of comp’s current annual earnings, ROI point, if biz grow fast, ROI can be faster ).
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38. Stock Market Basic Formulas Review 1) Market Cap : Calculating the Size of Companies Formula : Stock Price X Number of Shares Example : Stock Price: $200 a Share, Number of Shares: 2 Market Cap=200 X 2 = 400 Market Cap=$400 2) EPS : Earnings (Net Income) Per Share (Bigger Better) Formula : Net Income ÷ Number of Shares (Tip: EPS, E-Earnings go on top of the formula, S-Shares on the bottom) Example : Net Income: $100, Number of Shares: 2 EPS=100 ÷ 2 = 50 EPS=50
39. 3) PE Ratio : Price Earnings Ratio (Lower Better) Formula : Price/EPS (Tip: PE, P-Price goes on top of the formula, EPS on the bottom) Example : Stock Price: $200 a Share, EPS: 50 PE Ratio=200 ÷ 50 = 4 PE Ratio=4 Summary: So if 1 share gets you $50 of profit , but it takes you $200 to buy one share , it would take you 4 years to break even ( unless the company grows , which would reduce the time ); another way to see it, PE Ratio shows you how much money you are paying to get $1 of profit . In this example, I’m paying $4 for every $1 of profit.
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41. Work #15a , Title “ Stock Practice ” Use a calculator, and work with a partner. 2) a) Mattel has 393 million shares circulating, the price of the stock is $13, what is its market cap? b) Mattel made $560 million in income and has 393 million shares, what is its EPS? c) Using the stock price of $13, and EPS above, what is the PE ratio?
42. STOCK CONTEST 1) Prizes for 3 highest portfolios and 1 worst portfolio (don’t aim to be worst, it’s a pity prize). 1 -20pts 2 -10pts 3 -5pts Last -5pts And you can cash out any money over your $300,000 principal.
43. Homework: 1) Study for Monday’s Test 1 Redo 2) Pick your stocks by Monday. Workbook Check: If your name is called, drop off your workbook with Mr. Chiang ( if requested, points lost if your workbook is not turned in )
