Description of Glass architecture from late 18th century to the present in Germany.

1. Modern History of Glass Architecture Christy Gray ARTH 205 May 11, 2010

3. 19 th Century German Glass Architecture 9 4 4 Berlin 9 Biebrich Bonn Dresden Frankfurt Gottingen Karlsruhe Kassel Cologne Leipzing Magdeburg Meiningen Munich 4 Stuttgart 4 Tubingen

4. -first known iron-framed house in Germany and possibly the entire continent - Roman ticism - exiled Prince was looking for an exotic escape Stuttgart- Hohenheim Hohenheim Park Iron Conservatory Built: 1789

5. Berlin Pfaueninsel Palm House architect : Albert Ditrich Schadow (assisted by Karl Friedrich Schinkel) Built: 1829-1831 Burned Down: 1880 -wood and iron building -one of the first large hothouses in Germany (prototype for future hothouses) -onion shaped cupola expresses exotic world enshrined in the building -romanticism/ exoticism Included ruined castle, a mausoleum, farmhouse. etc -largest display of plant specimens at the time -back wall masonry

6. Stuggart Wilhelma and Conservatories Architects: Ludwig Von Zanth Built: 1842-1846 Exoticism - inspired by Moorish architecture -building displays the attributes of ironwork and the ability to produce fine details -Made for the part time residence of King William of Wurttemberg and rumors were said that it was his “fairy castle”

7. Karlsruhe Residenz Conservatories Architect: Heinrich Hubsch Built: 1853-1857 - Historicism - use of caryatids emphasize temple –like appearance -load baring masonry support reduced to a skeleton

8. Munich Old Botanical Garden- Glass Palace Architect: August Von Voit Built: 1853-54 Burnt Down: 1931 -One of the largest glass and iron buildings built during the 19 th century -Originally built for an exhibition hall -the building was completed in 87 days (thanks to prefabrication and mass production) -1700 tons of iron and 37,000 pains of glass -Inspired by Joseph Paxton’s crystal palace, completed for the London exhibition 2 years prior -held, 5 industrial exhibitions, 32 art exhibitions, 26 agricultural exhibitions and an electrical-goods exhibition, plays and festivals -there was talk of dismantling it in 1912, although some were for preservation…in 1931 it burned down

9. Berlin-Schoneberg Royal Botanical Garden Great Palm House Architect: Karl Friedrich Schinkel Built: 1857 Demolished: 1907 -early example of 19 th century Neue Sachlichkeit (new objectivity) -1/2 inch glass with reinforced wire -double installation “ a demonstration therefore that even northerly climates the iron structure can be considered advantageous for hothouses” -green design- rain water catch system, hot water heating -series gardens and hot houses, the earliest was built in 1821 by Schinkel -1907 demolished to make a new botanical garden @ Dahlem

10. Munich Old Botanical Garden Luisen-Sophienstasse Great Palm House Architect: August von Voit Built : 1860-1965 Demolished : ? -functioned as a conservatory and museum -plans were to recycle the glass palace to built, but glass palace cont. to be used

11. Cologne Botanical Garden- Flora Architects: H Martens and Georg Eberlein Built: 1864 Demolished: 1914 -1 st type in Germany to combine public recreation center with a palm house -served as a model for the London Crystal Palace

12. Berlin Central Hotel Winter Garden Architects: Hermann von der Hude and Julius Hennicke Built: 1880-01 Demolished: ? -hotel that was to provide accommodation as well as entertainment -concerts in every weather -no interior column, utilized the same technology in bridge construction and railway stations

13. Berlin-Schoneberg Royal Botanical Garden Victoria Regia House Architect: Schulze Built: 1882 Demolished: 1907

14. Herrenhausen Park Herrenhausen Palm Houses Built : 1882 -tallest hothouse in Europe

15. Berlin- Dahlem New Botanical Gardens- Great Palm House Architects: Alfred Koerner Built : 1905-1907 damaged: 1943 rebuilt: 1960’s - New objectivity - absence of monumental motifs made it one of the “most modern buildings of the time” - German Expressionism - pointed arches and “faceted” interpretation of glass paneling -Inspired Paul Scheebart in his Architecttura Celesta -rebuilt royal garden due to scarcity of land after speculative period -1943- damage from war/ bombs, refitted with large acrylic panels- lost the netting look -Girder support system expresses the “might of the industry” -represented the “new art of industrial construction” - Most important building of its time - span of interior space astounding at the time

16. Berlin- Dahlem New Botanical Gardens Subtropical House Architect: Alfred Koerner Built: 1905-1907 rebuilt : 1958 Inspirations: -references castle ruin in the garden of the original Berlin Royal garden -German expressionism seen in crystal ornamented towers - “west work” and plan similar to Basilica

18. Munich Jungfrauenaquarium (Virgin Aquarium or the Steiff factory Built: 1903 -Richard Steiff attended the Stuttgart school of Arts and Crafts -Company founded in 1880, factory established to manufacture toy bears -built by unknown architect, but glass seemed to be utilized in a utilitarian fashion; provide light and well ventilated room to the employees

19. Berlin Turbinenfabrik (Turbine factory or AEG building) Architect: Peter Behrens Built: 1909 -steel arches- similar technology used in bridges and railway stations -ferroconcrete covering with historicist detailing- hinting at the monumentalism of a classical temple –steel support recall a classical colonnade (interior compared to a giant colonnade) -glass curtain – “proclaims the present and promises the future”

20. Cologne Cologne Deutscher Werkbund Exhibition Glashaus Architect: Bruno Taut Built : 1914 -concrete and glass bricks -German Expressionism -Bruno Taut wanted to free architecture of it’s “Unitarian demands” Glass = purity and perfection, a material that would instill social change “ Glass is completely new, pure material in which matter is melted down and recast. Of all the materials we have it works in the most elementary way. All other materials next to glass are derivative and like leftovers.” Functional and practical architecture is outdate. -responsible for starting the Glaserne Kette (Crystal Chain)- where he spread the ideas of Paul Scheerbart

22. Dessau Bauhaus Architect : Walter Gropius Built: 1925-26 -in comparison to the evolution of factory types- the Bauhaus once again supersedes all predecessors -the workshop wing consists of an entire curtain wall (without paneling) and is suspended in the air -inspired by local airplane factory in shape and conception

24. Bonn Chancellors bungalow Architect: Sep Rug Built : 1958-59 -functions in comparison to the White House, the ceremonial home for the West German Chancellor -the wing that is purposed for public function is nearly all glass -the glass architecture was meant to induce and exemplify the government’s transparency, honesty and clarity

25. Bonn Der Lange Eugen Architect: Egon Eiermann Built : 1969 -government building -Use of glass but not as transparent -interior also consists of glass elements in partition walls and screens

27. Berlin Reichstag Architect - Paul Wallot, (later) Paul Baumgarten, Norman Foster, Built: 1884 Fire: 1933 Bombed: 1945 Redesigned: 1960 and 1991-1992 (to present state) -1960- refurbished with new modern lines- symbolic cleansing of pompous parliament and hateful dictatorship -1991- symbolizes the reunification of Germany

28. The Bundesverfassungsgericht

31. Finish Embassy, Berlin Meteorit Exhibition Centre- Essen Soebeck house, Stuttgart Photonics Centre, Berlin Dormund Municipal Library, Dormund