14. Radiological findings
o Airway obstruction
§ Atelectasis most common sign
§ No air bronchogram
§ Also post-obstructive pneumonia
o Hilar enlargement
§ From either the carcinoma itself or nodes
§ Particularly common in oat cell, uncommon in adenoca
16. o Mediastinal node enlargement
§ Particularly anaplastic ca
o Cavitation
§ Common (2-16%)
§ Especially in squamous cell, mostly in upper lobes
§ Cavity is usually thick-walled with nodular inner margin
o Pleural involvement
§ Common: 10%
§ Hemorrhagic effusion denotes direct tumor invasion
§ Effusion carries a poor prognosis even if no malignant cells are found
17.
18. Squamous cell ca
Central Location (2/3)
Atelectasis
"Reverse S sign of Golden”
Post-obstructive pneumonia
May cavitate
Most closely associated with smoking
19.
20. Small cell undifferentiated=Oat Cell Carcinoma
o Appearances
§ Mediastinal adenopathy
§ Hilar mass
§ Small or invisible lung nodule
o High metastatic potential
o Rapid growth
21. Adenocarcinoma
o Usually peripheral nodule
o Found in scars
o Solitary pulmonary nodule (52%)
o Upper lobe distribution (69%)
Large cell undifferentiated (10%)
o Large peripheral mass
o Pleural involvement