MEASUREMENT

1. 1
CONVERSION
OF
MEASUREMENT
Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

2. 2
Temperature
Temperature
• is a measure of how hot or cold an
object is compared to another object.
• indicates that heat flows from the
object with a higher temperature to
the object with a lower temperature.
• is measured using a thermometer.
Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

3. 3
Temperature Scales
Temperature
Scales
Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Publishing as Benjamin Cummings
• are Fahrenheit,
Celsius, and
Kelvin.
• have reference
points for the
boiling and
freezing points
of water.

4. 4
A. What is the temperature of freezing water?
1) 0°F 2) 0°C 3) 0 K
B. What is the temperature of boiling water?
1) 100°F 2) 32°F 3) 373 K
C. How many Celsius units are between the boiling and
freezing points of water?
1) 100 2) 180 3) 273
Learning Check

5. 5
A. What is the temperature of freezing water?
2) 0°C
B. What is the temperature of boiling water?
3) 373 K
C. How many Celsius units are between the boiling and
freezing points of water?
1) 100
Solution

6. 6
• On the Fahrenheit scale, there are 180°F between the
freezing and boiling points and on the Celsius scale,
there are 100°C.
180°F = 9°F = 1.8°F
100°C 5°C 1°C
• In the formula for the Fahrenheit temperature, adding
32 adjusts the zero point of water from 0°C to 32°F.
TF = 9/5 TC + 32°
or
TF = 1.8 TC + 32°
Fahrenheit Formula

7. 7
• TC is obtained by rearranging the equation for TF.
TF = 1.8TC + 32
• Subtract 32 from both sides.
TF - 32 = 1.8TC ( +32 - 32)
TF - 32 = 1.8TC
• Divide by 1.8 = °F - 32 = 1.8 TC
1.8 1.8
TF - 32 = TC
1.8
Celsius Formula

8. 8
Solving A Temperature Problem
A person with hypothermia has a
body temperature of 34.8°C.
What is that temperature in °F?
TF = 1.8 TC + 32°
TF = 1.8 (34.8°C) + 32°
exact tenth's exact
= 62.6 + 32°
= 94.6°F
tenth’s Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

9. 9
The normal temperature of a chickadee is 105.8°F.
What is that temperature on the Celsius scale?
1) 73.8°C
2) 58.8°C
3) 41.0°C
Learning Check

10. 10
3) 41.0 °C
TC = (TF - 32°)
1.8
= (105.8 - 32°)
1.8
= 73.8°F = 41.0°C
1.8°
Solution

11. 11
A pepperoni pizza is baked at 455°F. What
temperature is needed on the Celsius scale?
1) 423°C
2) 235°C
3) 221°C
Learning Check

12. 12
A pepperoni pizza is baked at 455°F. What
temperature is needed on the Celsius scale?
2) 235°C
TF - 32° = TC
1.8
(455 - 32°) = 235°C
1.8
Solution

13. 13
On a cold winter day, the temperature is –15°C.
What is that temperature in °F?
1) 19°F
2) 59°F
3) 5°F
Learning Check

14. 14
3) 5°F
TF = 1.8 TC + 32°
TF = 1.8(–15°C) + 32°
= – 27 + 32°
= 5°F
Note: Be sure to use the change sign key on
your calculator to enter the minus – sign.
1.8 x 15 +/ – = –27
Solution

15. 15
The Kelvin temperature scale
• has 100 units between the freezing and boiling points
of water.
100 K = 100°C or 1 K = 1°C
• is obtained by adding 273 to the Celsius temperature.
TK = TC + 273
• contains the lowest possible temperature, absolute
zero (0 K).
0 K = –273°C
Kelvin Temperature Scale

16. 16
Temperatures
TABLE 2.5

17. 17
What is normal body temperature of 37°C in Kelvins?
1) 236 K
2) 310. K
3) 342 K
Learning Check

18. 18
What is normal body temperature of 37°C in kelvins?
2) 310. K
TK = TC + 273
= 37°C + 273
= 310. K
Solution