Workshop I delivered at Code4LibDC Unconference 2014 on open hardware and arduino for libraries and archives.

1. Intro to Arduino
The Basics of Open Hardware and Circuits
Code4LibDC 2014
Jason Griffey
Evenly Distributed LLC
http://evenlydistributed.net

3. SSID: LibraryBox - Free Content!
Connect to wifi signal, then launch/refresh any browser
Folder: Code4LibDC
http://librarybox.us

7. Software install?

8. Let’s Plug In

9. Open Source Hardware

10. Moore’s Law
Photo by Marcin Wichary - http://flic.kr/p/4v4DSq

11. Koomey’s Law
Photo by LisaW123 - http://flic.kr/p/7eiqaq

12. Photo by sobczak.paul - http://flic.kr/p/aDD8ep

13. Arduino

14. Photo by bjepson - http://flic.kr/p/8EVHqm

16. Why Arduino?

17. Open Hardware

18. Photo by dam - http://flic.kr/p/8hLXBM

19. Photo by dam - http://flic.kr/p/8hLXwT

20. Photo by dam - http://flic.kr/p/8hQcJs

21. Photo by dam - http://flic.kr/p/8hQcDG

22. Photo by dam - http://flic.kr/p/8hQcDG

23. Photo by Nathan Chantrell - http://flic.kr/p/aALqhd

24. Photo by Nathan Chantrell - http://flic.kr/p/aALqhd

27. Photo by antonw - http://flic.kr/p/91daJe
Shields

31. A La Mode

32. Sensors
http://learn.adafruit.com/system/assets/assets/000/000/426/original/FSR402_MED.jpg?1340650766

35. Arduino Software

44. Our Hardware

64. Fritzing

66. Arduino
IDE

67. Our Sketch

68. int val;
!
void setup()
{
pinMode(2,OUTPUT);
pinMode(3,OUTPUT);
pinMode(4,OUTPUT);
pinMode(5,OUTPUT);
Serial.begin(9600);
}
!
void loop()
{
Serial.println(analogRead(0));
val = analogRead(0);
!
if (val > 256)
digitalWrite(2,HIGH);
if (val < 256)
digitalWrite(2,LOW);
if (val > 512)
digitalWrite(3,HIGH);
if (val < 512)
digitalWrite(3,LOW);
!
if (val > 768)
digitalWrite(4,HIGH);
if (val < 768)
digitalWrite(4,LOW);
!
if (val > 769)
digitalWrite(5,HIGH);
if (val < 1020)
digitalWrite(5,LOW);
}
Globals
Setup
Loop

69. int val;
!
void setup()
{
pinMode(2,OUTPUT);
pinMode(3,OUTPUT);
pinMode(4,OUTPUT);
pinMode(5,OUTPUT);
Serial.begin(9600);
}
!
void loop()
{
Serial.println(analogRead(0));
val = analogRead(0);
!
if (val > 256)
digitalWrite(2,HIGH);
if (val < 256)
digitalWrite(2,LOW);
if (val > 512)
digitalWrite(3,HIGH);
if (val < 512)
digitalWrite(3,LOW);
!
if (val > 768)
digitalWrite(4,HIGH);
if (val < 768)
digitalWrite(4,LOW);
!
if (val > 769)
digitalWrite(5,HIGH);
if (val < 1020)
digitalWrite(5,LOW);
}
Globals
Setup
Loop

70. int val;
!
void setup()
{
pinMode(2,OUTPUT);
pinMode(3,OUTPUT);
pinMode(4,OUTPUT);
pinMode(5,OUTPUT);
Serial.begin(9600);
}
!
void loop()
{
Serial.println(analogRead(0));
val = analogRead(0);
!
if (val > 256)
digitalWrite(2,HIGH);
if (val < 256)
digitalWrite(2,LOW);
if (val > 512)
digitalWrite(3,HIGH);
if (val < 512)
digitalWrite(3,LOW);
!
if (val > 768)
digitalWrite(4,HIGH);
if (val < 768)
digitalWrite(4,LOW);
!
if (val > 769)
digitalWrite(5,HIGH);
if (val < 1020)
digitalWrite(5,LOW);
}
Globals
Setup
Loop

71. int val;
!
void setup()
{
pinMode(2,OUTPUT);
pinMode(3,OUTPUT);
pinMode(4,OUTPUT);
pinMode(5,OUTPUT);
Serial.begin(9600);
}
!
void loop()
{
Serial.println(analogRead(0));
val = analogRead(0);
!
if (val > 256)
digitalWrite(2,HIGH);
if (val < 256)
digitalWrite(2,LOW);
if (val > 512)
digitalWrite(3,HIGH);
if (val < 512)
digitalWrite(3,LOW);
!
if (val > 768)
digitalWrite(4,HIGH);
if (val < 768)
digitalWrite(4,LOW);
!
if (val > 769)
digitalWrite(5,HIGH);
if (val < 1020)
digitalWrite(5,LOW);
}
Globals
Setup
Loop

73. Can you:

74. Can you:
• Change one of the Pin Numbers?

75. Can you:
• Change one of the Pin Numbers?
• Re-wire the ground wires?

76. Can you:
• Change one of the Pin Numbers?
• Re-wire the ground wires?
• Change the order the LEDs light up?

77. Can you:
• Change one of the Pin Numbers?
• Re-wire the ground wires?
• Change the order the LEDs light up?
• Light up 2 LEDs at once?

78. Can you:
• Change one of the Pin Numbers?
• Re-wire the ground wires?
• Change the order the LEDs light up?
• Light up 2 LEDs at once?
• Add another LED?

79. Can you:
• Change one of the Pin Numbers?
• Re-wire the ground wires?
• Change the order the LEDs light up?
• Light up 2 LEDs at once?
• Add another LED?
• Swap the sensor?

80. Structure
/* Each Arduino sketch must contain the
following two functions. */
void setup()
{
/* this code runs once at the beginning of
the code execution. */
}
void loop()
{
/* this code runs repeatedly over and over
as long as the board is powered. */
}
Comments
// this is a single line
/* this is
a multiline */
Setup
pinMode(pin, [INPUT OUTPUT INPUT_PULLUP]);
/* Sets the mode of the digital I/O pin.
It can be set as an input, output, or an
input with an internal pull-up resistor.
*/
Control Structures
if(condition)
{
// if condition is TRUE, do something here
}
else
{
// otherwise, do this
}
for(initialization; condition; increment)
{
// do this
}
/* The ‘for’ statement is used to repeat
a block of statements enclosed in curly
braces. An increment counter is usually
used to increment and terminate the loop.
*/
Digital I/O
digitalWrite(pin, val);
/* val = HIGH or LOW. Sets the
digital pin to either ON or OFF. */
int var = digitalRead(pin);
/* Reads the voltage from a digital
pin. Returns either HIGH or LOW. */
int var = digitalRead(pin);
/* Reads the value from a specified digital
pin, either HIGH or LOW. */
Analog I/O
analogWrite(pin, val);
/* Writes an analog voltage to a pin.
val = integer value from 0 to 255 */
int var = analogRead(pin);
/* Reads the voltage from the specified
analog pin. */
int var = analogRead(pin);
/* Reads the value from the specified
analog pin. */
Time
delay(time_ms);
/* Pauses the program for the amount of time
(in milliseconds). */
delayMicroseconds(time_us);
/* Pauses the program for the amount of time
(in microseconds). */
millis();
/* Returns the number of milliseconds since
the board began running the current program.
max: 4,294,967,295 */
micros();
/* Returns the number of microseconds since
the board began running the current program.
max: 4,294,967,295 */
Serial Communication
Serial.begin(baudrate);
/* Sets the data rate in bits per second
(baud) for serial data transmission. */
Serial.print("");
/* Sets the data rate in bits per second
(baud) for serial data transmission. */
Serial.print("Hello World!!");
/* Sends a string "Hello World!!" to the
serial bus. This will be seen on the Serial
Monitor in Arduino. */
Serial.println("Hello World!");
/* Identical to Serial.print(), but this
also adds a carriage-return / line-feed to
advance to the next line. */
Serial.println("");
/* Identical to Serial.print(), but this
also adds a carriage-return / line-feed to
advance to the next line. */
boolean Serial.available()
/* Serial.available() returns TRUE if there
is data available on the Serial bus. */
int Serial.read();
/* Returns a single byte of data available
from the Serial buffer. */
int Serial.read();
/* Returns a single byte of data available
from the Serial buffer. */
Data Types
void // nothing is returned
boolean // 0, 1, false, true
char // 8 bits: ASCII character
byte // 8 bits: 0 to 255, unsigned
int // 16 bits: 32,768 to 32,767, signed
long /* 32 bits: 2,147,483,648
to 2,147,483,647, signed */
float // 32 bits, signed decimal
Constants
HIGH LOW
INPUT OUTPUT
true false
Mathematical Operators
= // assignment
+ // addition
- // subtraction
* // multiplication
/ // division
% // modulus
Logical Operators
== // boolean equal to
!= // not equal to
< // less than
> // greater than
<= // less than or equal to
>= // greater than or equal to
&& // Boolean AND
|| // Boolean OR
! // Boolean NOT
Bitwise Operators
& // bitwise AND
| // bitwise OR
^ // bitwise XOR
~ // bitwise INVERT
var << n // bitwise shift left by n bits
var >> n // bitwise shift right by n bits
Libraries
#include <libraryname.h>
/* this provides access to special
additional functions for things such as
servo motors, SD card, wifi, or bluetooth.
*/
Advanced I/O
tone(pin, freq);
/* Generates a square wave of the specified
frequency to a pin. Pin must be one of the
PWM (~) pins. */
tone(pin, freq, duration);
/* Generates a square wave of the specified
frequency to a pin for a duration in
milliseconds. Pin must be one of the PWM (~)
pins. */
noTone(pin);
// Turns off the tone on the pin.
RedBoard:
Power In
LilyPad ProtoSnap Simple:
Digital I/O
PWM(3,5,6,9,10,11)
ATmega328
Microcontroller
Temperature
Sensor
(Pin A1)
Vibe Motor
(Pin 3)
RGB LED
(Pins R=9,
G=11, B=10)
Button
(Pin A5)
Switch
(Pin 2)
Light
Sensor
(Pin A6)
Buzzer/
Speaker
(Pin 7)
LEDs
(Light Emitting Diodes)
(Pins 5, 6, A2, A4, A3)
Power
5V / 3.3 / GND
USB to Computer
Reset
Analog
Inputs
SCL/SDA
(I2C Bus)
ATmega328
Microcontroller

81. Building Your Own Hardware

82. Patron Counters

83. $300

84. $280

86. Build One Yourself

87. Build One Yourself
• Arduino - $35

88. Build One Yourself
• Arduino - $35
• Data Logger Shield - $20

89. Build One Yourself
• Arduino - $35
• Data Logger Shield - $20
• SD Card - $10

90. Build One Yourself
• Arduino - $35
• Data Logger Shield - $20
• SD Card - $10
• Sensor (infrared, laser tripwire, ultrasonic, or
PID) - $10

91. Build One Yourself
• Arduino - $35
• Data Logger Shield - $20
• SD Card - $10
• Sensor (infrared, laser tripwire, ultrasonic, or
PID) - $10
• TOTAL COST - $70

92. Temperature/Humidity
Loggers

93. $240

94. $415

99. Build One Yourself

100. Build One Yourself
• Arduino - $35

101. Build One Yourself
• Arduino - $35
• Data Logger Shield - $20

102. Build One Yourself
• Arduino - $35
• Data Logger Shield - $20
• SD Card - $10

103. Build One Yourself
• Arduino - $35
• Data Logger Shield - $20
• SD Card - $10
• Temperature/Humidity Sensor - $5-10

104. Build One Yourself
• Arduino - $35
• Data Logger Shield - $20
• SD Card - $10
• Temperature/Humidity Sensor - $5-10
• LCD Display screen - $15

105. Build One Yourself
• Arduino - $35
• Data Logger Shield - $20
• SD Card - $10
• Temperature/Humidity Sensor - $5-10
• LCD Display screen - $15
• TOTAL COST - $85

106. Other Possibilities

107. Other Possibilities
• RFID Reader

108. Other Possibilities
• RFID Reader
• Barcode Scanner

109. Other Possibilities
• RFID Reader
• Barcode Scanner
• Seat usage detector

110. Other Possibilities
• RFID Reader
• Barcode Scanner
• Seat usage detector
• What else?

111. Go Build Stuff!

112. Jason Griffey
Email: griffey@gmail.com
Site: jasongriffey.net
gVoice: 423-443-4770
Twitter: @griffey
http://librarybox.us
http://evenlydistributed.net
!
Founder & Principal Consultant
http://pinboard.in/u:griffey/ Evenly Distributed LLC