2. Most
successful
slave revolt
in history!
Most
successful
slave revolt
in history!
2nd
independentnation in the
New World!
2nd
independentnation in theNew World!
Proved that enlightenment ideals
applied to all people!
Proved that enlightenment ideals
applied to all people!

3. •Known as Saint Dominique, Haiti was a French colony and the world's leading sugar
producer. It had over 800 sugar plantations and made more profit than all 13 American
colonies combined.

4. •A few French families made
huge profits from sugar, while
most Haitians, nearly 500,000
were African slaves
Haitian Population
Enslaved Africans
90%
White
6%
Free People of
4% Color

5. •Most slaves worked on plantations and they outnumbered their masters
dramatically. White masters thus used brutal methods to terrorize slaves
and keep them powerless.

6. When the French Revolution began, white settlers on Haiti called for independence.
Boukman Dutty, a Haitian slave called on the slaves to have their own revolution!

7. In 1791, about 100,000 slaves rose in revolt. They burned the
sugar cane in the fields and killed hundreds of slave owners.
The uprising touched off 13 years of civil war in which both
sides suffered massacres.

8. Toussaint L’Ouverture
Wanted to end slavery and gain
Independence for Haiti!
He was an educated former slave!
* Rallied slaves to revolt in 1791 –
Led armies against French, Spanish
and British.
By 1801, he took control of the
territory, freed the slaves and created
a constitution.
Led first successful slave revolt in New World
– Total independence for Haiti in 1804

9. Yes, of course we agree.. Why don’t you
come to Paris to discuss this further.
• L'Ouverture urged Haitians to fight to the death against the invaders.
• However, in May, Toussaint agreed to halt the revolution if the
French would end slavery.
• When Napoleon Bonaparte took power in
France, he decided to reclaim the rich sugar
plantations of Saint Dominique. In January
1802, 16,000 French troops landed in Saint
Dominique to get rid of Toussaint.
I want St. Dominique back!
We will stop fighting if you agree to
end slavery forever on St. Dominique!

10. • Despite the agreement, the French soon accused him of planning
another uprising.
• The French sent Toussaint to an icy prison in the French Alps. Ten
months later, in 1803, the Haitian leader died.
“In overthrowing me, you have
done no more than cut down the
trunk of the tree of the black
liberty in St.Domingue- it will
spring back from the roots, for
they are numerous and deep.”
- Toussaint L’Ouverture
“In overthrowing me, you have
done no more than cut down the
trunk of the tree of the black
liberty in St.Domingue- it will
spring back from the roots, for
they are numerous and deep.”
- Toussaint L’Ouverture
In your own words,
explain this quote by
Toussaint L’Ouverture.
Touissant was captured and
died in French Prison.
Touissant was captured and
died in French Prison.

11. Who do you think will win
this war? Why?
Who do you think will win
this war? Why?
After Toussaint’s death, Haiti was restored to French domination and
slavery was re-implemented. However, The taste of freedom that Toussaint
had enabled the Haitians to feel was not in vain. They continued to fight the
French in a brutal revolution.
After Toussaint’s death, Haiti was restored to French domination and
slavery was re-implemented. However, The taste of freedom that Toussaint
had enabled the Haitians to feel was not in vain. They continued to fight the
French in a brutal revolution.

12. • 50,000 French soldiers, officers, doctors, and
sailors may have died from yellow fever.
• Napoleon abandoned Haiti and sold the French
territory in North America to the United States
(the Louisiana purchase).
•
• Led by General Dessalines, the
Haitian army fought a brutal war
against the French army.
•First black colony to free
itself from European control.
•First black colony to free
itself from European control.

13. Jean-Jacques DessalinesJean-Jacques Dessalines
•Later assassinated in a revolt.
•1820: Haiti became an
independent republic
•Later assassinated in a revolt.
•1820: Haiti became an
independent republic
•Proclaimed himself Emperor
of Haiti
•Proclaimed himself Emperor
of Haiti•1804: After the French surrendered,
Dessalines ordered the mass killings
of the remaining white population in
Haiti. 3,000-5,000 people were killed
•1804: After the French surrendered,
Dessalines ordered the mass killings
of the remaining white population in
Haiti. 3,000-5,000 people were killed

14. The Impact of
Change
The Impact of
Change
•Haiti signed an agreement with the French to pay reparations.
•The United States led an economic embargo against Haiti.
•The country was crippled by years of war, its agriculture devastated, its formal
commerce nonexistent, and the people uneducated and mostly unskilled.
•Haiti signed an agreement with the French to pay reparations.
•The United States led an economic embargo against Haiti.
•The country was crippled by years of war, its agriculture devastated, its formal
commerce nonexistent, and the people uneducated and mostly unskilled.
Was the
Haitian
Revolution a
success?
Explain.

15. Why do you think there
is a statue of Simon
Bolivar in Central Park
in NYC?
Do Now:

16. Results of
Revolutions
•1820 - Haiti was second
independent nation in the New
World!
•Haiti was crippled by years of
war, its agriculture was
devastated
•Lack of education and skilled
labor led to instability
•1820 - Haiti was second
independent nation in the New
World!
•Haiti was crippled by years of
war, its agriculture was
devastated
•Lack of education and skilled
labor led to instability
•South American nations received their
independence from Spain
•Bolivar’s dream of a united Gran
Colombia failed – split into Venezuela,
Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia
•Reliance on cash crops and lack of
democratic traditions led to rule of
dictators.
•South American nations received their
independence from Spain
•Bolivar’s dream of a united Gran
Colombia failed – split into Venezuela,
Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia
•Reliance on cash crops and lack of
democratic traditions led to rule of
dictators.

17. SUMMARY BEFORE AFTER
POLITICAL
ECONOMIC
SOCIAL
Ruled by Viceroys, who were
controlled by Monarchs of
Mother Country. No political
rights for majority of people
Ruled by wealthy Creoles
called Caudillos, strong man
rule. No political rights for
majority of people
Unequal trade relationship
that benefited Spain -
Mercantilism
Unequal trade relationship
that benefited Great Britain
and the U.S. – Spheres of
Influence
Peninsulares at the top of
the social ladder, followed
by creoles, who had special
treatment. The rest of the
population were restricted
Creoles at the top of the
ladder had special
treatment. The rest of the
population were restricted.
What Really Changed?What Really Changed?