Triathlon Science Overview - A concise overview of performance data for Triathlon, a multidisciplinary sport consisting of swimming, cycling and running. This presentation is part of the "Wearables are dead, long live wearables!" article published on LinkedIn. https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/wearables-dead-long-live-guillaume-tourneur

1. TRIATHLON SCIENCE
THIS PRESENTATION IS A SUPPORTING DOCUMENT FOR THE FOLLOWING ARTICLE:
«Wearables are dead, long live wearables!» - by Guillaume Tourneur (April 2015)

2. TRIATHLON - PHYSIOLOGICAL FACTORS
V O2
max
V O2
max
Stroke Volume
Age:50+ 15% Performances
Age:70+ 38% Performances
Age:
Age:
Age: Age:
Age:
No Data Available
Maximal heart rate
Lactate Threshold (LTH)
Lactate Threshold (LTH)
Protein Synthesis Limit training volume
Orthopedic injuries
Economy of movement
Skeletal Muscle Mass
Blood Volume
Activity of
aerobic enzymes
Muscle Fibre Type
AGE FACTOR
LOCOMOTION MODE
DISTANCE
OLYMPIC TRIATHLON IRON MAN
ENDURANCE PERFORMANCE:INJURY PREVENTION
Less Decline* More Decline*
*Run & Cycling

3. TRIATHLON - SWIMMING
AMOUNT OF FORWARD MOMENTUM
TO BE AS CONSTANT AS POSSIBLE
STREAMLINED BODY POSITIONLESS HIGHER IN WATER
KICK FROM HIPS
FLEXIBILITY
HAND FORCE ACCOUNTS FOR ABOUT
80% OF ARM PROPULSION
ARMS ACCOUNT FOR ABOUT
80% OF TOTAL PROPULSION
LONGER, SLOWER
STROKES
MAINTAIN VELOCITYRHYTHM
MOMENTUM
CONSTANT LEVEL OF
PROPULSION
FORM DRAG FRICTIONAL DRAG WAVE DRAG
FINGER SPACING: 12%
PROPULSION +
+
DRAG
SMOOTH STROKE
80% OF TOTAL PROPULSION80% OF TOTAL PROPULSION
ARMS ACCOUNT FOR ABOUTARMS ACCOUNT FOR ABOUT
FLEXIBILITY

4. SWIM WATCH OR
TRIATHLON WATCH
WITH GPS, STROKE COUNT
AND SWOLF INCLUDED
WEB SERVICES
SMART PHONE APP
SYNC
CORE WEARABLES DEVICES
ONLINE / APP SERVICES
TRIATHLON - SWIMMING
SIMPLE DATA (REAL-TIME)
UNITSDATA
Duration
Distance
Laps completed
Average pace
Average speed
Calories
Stroke per min
Distance per stroke
hh:mm:ss
meters or yards
#
sec/100y or sec/100m
yds/min or m/min
kcal
spm
yds/s or m/s
ADVANCED DATA
(REAL-TIME OR POST-PROCESS)
UNITSDATA
SWOLF
sTSS
the time and the number of
strokes it takes to swim
a pool length. (lower = better)
Swim Training Stress ScoreSwim Training Stress ScoreSwim Training Stress ScoreSwim Training Stress ScoreSwim Training Stress ScoreSwim Training Stress ScoreSwim Training Stress ScoreSwim Training Stress ScoreSwim Training Stress ScoreSwim Training Stress ScoreSwim Training Stress ScoreSwim Training Stress ScoreSwim Training Stress ScoreSwim Training Stress ScoreSwim Training Stress ScoreSwim Training Stress ScoreSwim Training Stress Score

5. TRIATHLON - CYCLING
HUMAN + MACHINE
CONCENTRIC ACTIVITY
ECCENTRIC ACTIVITY
PEDALING MECHANICS AERODYNAMICS
20% TO 35%
BICYCLE ACCESSORIES
65% TO 80%
LIMB CYCLIST BODY
BICYCLE RIDER
GEOMETRY + FIT
T2 - TRANSITION TO
RUNNING
MUSCLES:
- TIBIALIS ANTERIOR
- TIBIALIS POSTERIOR
- PERONEUS LONGUS
- GASTROCNEMIUS LATERALIS
- SOLEUS
BIKE
RUN
PLYOMETRIC TRAINING
SINGLE LIMB
CYCLING ON TRAINER
CADENCE BETWEEN
90 AND 100

6. TRIATHLON - CYCLING
MULTISPORT WATCH (W/GPS) SMART PHONE (W/GPS)
POWER METER
SMART DEVICE (W/GPS)
HRM (BAND) CADENCE (DEVICE)
SYNC
CORE WEARABLES DEVICES & SERVICES
SIMPLE DATA (REAL-TIME)
UNITSDATA
Duration
Distance
Average speed
Elevation Gain
Heart Rate
Average Heart Rate
Power
Cadence
hh:mm:ss
meters or yards
mph or kph
or meters
bpm
bpm
w (Watts)
rpm
ADVANCED DATA
(REAL-TIME OR POST-PROCESS)
UNITSDATA
TSS
IF
training Stress score
Intensity Factor
WEB SERVICES
SMART PHONE APP
ONLINE / APP SERVICES

7. TRIATHLON - RUNNING
RUNNING BIOMECHANICS
PHYSICAL PRINCIPLES
CASUAL BAREFOOT RUN
LOWER ENERGY COST / REDUCE INJURY
DOWNHILL + UPHILL SPEEDWORK
SPEED IMPROVEMENT
LIGHTWEIGHT /STIFFER IN BALL OF FOOT
STRENGTHEN, IMPROVED
RUNNING ECONOMY, INCREASE
ELASTIC ENERGY
HIGHLY CUSHIONED SHOES
PERFORMANCE DISADVANTAGE
ON HARDER SURFACES
90-100 STRIDES PER MINUTE
VERTICAL OSCILLATION OF 8 TO 10 CM
BUILD MUSCLE
HIGH PERFORMANCE RUNNERS
BONES JOINTS MUSCLES NERVOUS SYSTEM
SLOW PROGRESSION REQUIREDINJURY PREVENTION

8. MULTISPORT WATCH (W/GPS)
2.4 TRIATHLON - RUNNING
SIMPLE DATA (REAL-TIME)
UNITSDATA
Duration
Distance
Speed
Average Pace
Elevation Gain
Heart Rate
Average Heart Rate
Cadence
ADVANCED DATA
(REAL-TIME OR POST-PROCESS)
UNITSDATA
TSS
IF
training Stress score
Intensity Factor
hh:mm:ss
miles or Kilometers
mph
min/mi
or meters
bpm
bpm
rpm (steps)
SYNC
CORE WEARABLES DEVICES & SERVICES
WEB SERVICES
SMART PHONE APP
ONLINE / APP SERVICES
SMART PHONE (W/GPS) HRM (BAND)
FOOT POD
TRIATHLON - RUNNING

9. PHYSIOLOGICAL
GROSS
EFFICIENCY
FLEXIBILITY
TRAINING
MUSCLE FIBER
MUSCLE STRENGTH
HIGH INTENSITY
TRAINING
PLYOMETRIC
TRAINING
Body Length
Body Mass
Body Surface
Buoyancy
Passive Torque
Lower Oxygen Use
Longer Strokes
Reduced Drag Points
PROPELLING
EFFICIENCY
DRAG GROSS
EFFICIENCY
BIOMECHANICAL
SWIM TECHNIQUE
STROKE LENGTH
2.4 TRIATHLON - RUNNINGTRIATHLON - ECONOMY
AMOUNT OF FORWARD MOMENTUM TO BE AS CONSTANT AS POSSIBLE
POWER OU TPUT (WATTS)
VOLUME OF OXYGEN
PER DISTANCE (MILES)
VOLUME OF OXYGEN
PER KILOGRAM (K)
Сannot be changed
Ratio: power output / energy expenditure

10. 2.4 TRIATHLON - RUNNINGTRIATHLON - AEROBIC CAPACITY
AEROBIC
AEROBIC ANAEROBICIMPROVE IMPROVE
AEROBIC
+
HIGH INTENSITY
TRAINING
LACTATE
THRESHOLD
ADVANCED
CONDITIONING
STEADY STATE
THRESHOLD
V O2
MAX
SPEED, HEART RATE
Z1 Z2 Z3 Z4 Z5
Metabolism Cost
Fuel Utilization
Cycling Efficiency
Running Economy
Factors to consider:
Running Economy
Higher risk of injury
Limitations of the
circulatory & respiratory
system
Most Effective method
Time saving
OXYGEN USED

11. This presentation was made possible by reading the following
books. Special thanks for Joe Friel’s various publications
which are not only extremely well organized and written, but
for being true life-changing inspirations.

12. Below are links to various research papers,
and articles found online.
The optimum finger spacing in human swimming ~ Alberto E. Minetti a,︎,
Georgios Machtsiras b, Jonathan C. Mastersc
Influence of different footwear on force of landing during running ~
Cheung RT1, Ng GY.

13. spending most of my time identifying, analyzing and experimenting with
sports, fitness, health wearables technologies and services. As a consumer,
wearer and analytical engager of wearable apps, my love of this ever-
evolving technological bracket is not only my career, it is my lifestyle. I live,
breath, eat (and run, swim, bike, for that matter) wearables, making me the
ideal candidate to translate the use of wearables from the idea, to the
production, to the marketplace, and ultimately into the user’s psyche.
15+ years building innovative content monetization services exploiting the
magics of User Experience (UX), Analytics and Content Management
Systems (CMS) for Universal Studios, Technicolor, Harris Corporation and
customers such as Amazon, AT&T, Disney and South Korea Telecom.
For years I have been designing B2B and B2C solutions
to provide customers with the best entertainment
experience by consuming the right movie or music track
at the right time and on the right device. Finally, it was
time for me to shift from building entertainment to
building life-aspiring experiences. Since then I’ve been
Guillaume Tourneur - Digital Product Manager