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The ruff in painting
- 2. a symbol of wealth and status …
- 3. The ruff in painting
- 4. an opulent setting to convey luxury … jewels a satin and lace dress, a broad ruff round the neck Peter Paul Rubens Portrait of Marchesa Brigida Spinola-Doria Portrait de la marquise Brigida Spinola Doria 1606 Collection Samuel H. Kress, National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.
- 8. the daughter of King Philip II of Spain sumptuously dressed in black and gold and with a spectacularly large ruff Peter Paul Rubens, studio of, atelier de Portrait of the Infanta Isabella Portrait de l'infante Isabelle 1615 National Gallery, London
- 11. Altera Donna, a grand lady ... the resplendent Marchesa Cattaneo, genoese noblewoman on the terrace of her palace a proud bearing lavish, black costume splendid ruff and sprig of orange blossoms, a traditional symbol of chastity Anthony van Dyck Marchesa Elena Grimaldi Cattaneo 1623 National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.
- 14. a patrician grandeur and aristocratic refinement … a gold medallion, pearls a black dress, beautifully set off by a graceful lace ruff Anthony van Dyck A Genoese Noblewoman and Her Son Une noble génoise et son fils 1626 National Gallery of Art, Washington
- 18. a majestic portrait a imposing grandeur Anthony van Dyck Marchesa Balbi 1623 National Gallery of Art, Washington
- 22. cold, haughty and imperious ... an arabesque patterned background a fan a black dress with blackwork sleeves covered in gauze and a lace ruff Unknown master, Maître inconnu Elizabeth I Élisabeth Ire 1585-1590 National Portrait Gallery, London
- 25. cold and impassive expression to emphasize the solemnity of the royal image ... an austere black velvet dress and zibellino Juan Pantoja de la Cruz Queen Elisabeth of Valois, third wife of Philip II Isabelle de Valois, reine, épouse de Philippe II d'Espagne 1565 Museo Nacional del Prado, Madrid
- 28. daughter of Henry IV of France and Marie de Medici Frans Pourbus the Younger, Frans Pourbus le Jeune Isabella of France, Queen of Spain Élisabeth de France, reine d'Espagne 1615 Museo Nacional del Prado, Madrid
- 31. the costume is clearly that of the Spanish court and the small figure is not a child but a dwarf Frans Pourbus the Younger, Frans Pourbus le Jeune The Infanta Isabella Clara Eugenia, Archduchess of Austria Isabelle Claire Eugénie, archiduchesse d'Autriche et infante d'Espagne 1599 Royal Collection, Hampton Court
- 34. a grain merchant's daughter from Zwolle, the Netherlands a costly bridal stomacher called a "bruidsborst" with gold thread and various flowers symbolizing marriage and a starched linen figure-eight ruff Frans Hals Portrait of Aletta Hanemans Portrait d'Aletta Hanemans 1525 Koninklijk Kabinet van Schilderijen Mauritshuis, The Hague
- 38. Philip IV´s sister, engaged to her cousin, Ferdinand Habsburg she was married by proxy in Madrid in 1630 and four years later, she made her own contribution to that long history of endogamous marriages when she bore a baby girl who eventually married her uncle, Philip IV Diego Velázquez Maria Anna of Spain, Queen of Hungary Portrait de l'infante Marie-Anne, reine de Hongrie 1630 Museo Nacional del Prado, Madrid
- 41. a sumptuous clothing ... one of the equestrian portraits in the Hall of the Kingdoms of the Buen Retiro Palace to affirm the glory of the Spanish monarchy during what was in fact a period of decline Diego Velázquez Queen Margaret of Austria on Horseback Reine Marguerite d'Autriche 1635 Museo Nacional del Prado, Madrid
- 44. the pose, the dress … a elegant portrait Johannes Cornelisz Verspronck Portrait of Adriana Croes Portrait d'Adriana Croes 1645 Rijksmuseum Amsterdam, Amsterdam
- 47. an 'honest and rare gentleman’ … Anonymous, Anonyme Sir Henry Unton 1586 Tate Britain, London
- 51. a ruff of 15 muslin strips half a foot wide … François Quesnel Portrait of Henri Valois Henri III, roi de France 1588 Muzeum Narodowe w Warszawie, Warszaw
- 54. a sable-lined tabbaard (Dutch gown) Russian ushanka hat and translucent neck ruff Rembrandt Portrait of Nicolaes Ruts Portrait de Nicolaes Ruts 1631 Frick Collection, New York City
- 57. co-sovereign of the Habsburg Netherlands Frans Pourbus the Younger, workshop Frans Pourbus le Jeune, atelier Frans Portrait of Albert VII, Archduke of Austria Frans Portrait d'Albert VII, Archiduc d'Autriche 1600 Rijksmuseum Amsterdam, Amsterdam
- 60. the courtly aspirations of George Goring ... a resplendent costume a fine lace cartwheel ruff a black velvet cloak embroidered in silver and gold thread George Gower George Goring Junior 1581 Private collection
- 63. painted for the decoration of the Hall of Realms of the Buen Retiro Palace ... the arrogant Philip III of Spain on horseback Diego Velázquez Philip III on Horseback Philippe III à cheval 1635 Museo Nacional del Prado, Madrid
- 66. elegant and distant … with Order of the Golden Fleece on the black levite Sofonisba Anguissola Philip II Philippe II 1573 Museo del Prado, Madrid
- 69. a brewer, magistrate, and later mayor of Haarlem radiating pride and self-confidence ... a stylish shiny black outfit and a magnificent ruff of white lace Frans Hals Portrait of Jacob Pietersz Olycan Portrait de Jacob Pietersz. Olycan 1625 Koninklijk Kabinet van Schilderijen Mauritshuis, The Hague
- 72. Treaty of London, signed on 18 August 1604 concluded the nineteen-year Anglo- Spanish War the room in Old Somerset House in Westminster ... on the left are the members of the Hispano-Flemish delegation, on the right, the English commissioners Anonymous, Anonyme The Somerset House Conference Conférence de Somerset House 1604 National Portrait Gallery, London
- 76. a Antwerp merchant in his Gallery together with his wife and their son Frans Francken the Younger, Frans Francken le Jeune The Collection of Paintings 'of Sebastian Leerse’ La collection de peintures «de Sebastian Leerse» first half of 17th century, première moitié du 17e siècle Royal Museum of Fine Arts Antwerp, Antwerpen
- 80. sumptuous ruffs ... wife of the Roman Cavalier Pierino Maselli, with six of her children (of Florentine origin, died in September 1605 at the age of 37 after giving birth to her nineteenth child) Lavinia Fontana Portrait of Bianca Degli Utili Maselli and her children Portrait de Bianca Degli Utili Maselli et ses enfants 1604-1605 Private colection
- 83. a happy, smiling pair … Franz Hals Portrait of a Couple, Probably Isaac Abrahamsz Massa and Beatrix van der Laen Portrait de mariage d'Isaac Massa et Beatrix Van der Laen 1622 Rijksmuseum Amsterdam, Amsterdam
- 87. the Honeysuckle Bower ... Rubens as an aristocratic gentleman with his left hand on the hilt of his sword and love and marriage symbolism the honeysuckle, traditional symbol of love and the holding of right hands (junctio dextrarum), symbol of union through marriage Peter Paul Rubens Self portrait with Isabella Brandt, his first wife, in the honeysuckle bower Pierre Paul Rubens avec Isabella Brant 1606 Alte Pinakothek , Munich
- 90. olga_oes The ruff in painting La fraise dans la peinture images and text credit www. Music The Piano Guys Limitless created olga.e. thanks for watching
- 91. The ruff is an item of clothing worn in Western, Central and Northern Europe from the mid-sixteenth century to the mid-seventeenth century. The round and flat variation is often called a millstone collar after its resemblance to that object. The size of the ruff increased as the century went on. The stiffness of the garment forced upright posture, and their impracticality led them to become a symbol of wealth and status. Ruffs were primarily made from linen cambric, stiffened with starch imported from the Low Countries. Later ruffs were also sometimes made entirely from lace. However, lace was expensive since it was a new fabric, developed in the early sixteenth century. By the start of the seventeenth century, ruffs were falling out of fashion in Western Europe, in favour of wing collars and falling bands. The ruff was banned in Spain under Philip IV (orchestrated by Gaspar de Guzmán, Count-Duke of Olivares). The fashion lingered longer in the Dutch Republic, where ruffs can be seen in portraits well into the seventeenth century.