Christian Art
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The document provides an overview of Christian artistic periods from early Christian art to Gothic art. It discusses how early Christian art developed in the catacombs due to persecution before churches were built. Byzantine art was characterized by mosaics, symbolic imagery, and buildings like Hagia Sophia. Gothic architecture featured pointed arches, rib vaulting, rose windows and flying buttresses, seen in cathedrals like Notre Dame and Chartres.
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Christian Art
- 1. Christian Art : From Catacombs to Cathedrals 0
- 5. Catacomb di Priscilla, Rome.
- 6. The Good Shepherd in the Catacomb of Saints Pietro and Marcellino, Rome ( E. Christian, early 4th century CE).
- 8. Reconstruction drawing of OLD SAINT PETER’S BASILICA, Rome
- 9. Church Plans
- 10. St. Apollinaire in Classe, Ravenna
- 11. Saint Apollinaire as the Good Shepherd , Early Christian, mosaic, St. Apollinaire in Classe, Ravenna, Italy.
- 12. Parting of Lot and Abraham Early Christian mosaic
- 13. Mausoleum of Galla Placidia, Ravenna, Italy
- 14. Christ the Good Shepherd , mosaic, Mausoleum of Galla Placidia, Ravenna
- 15. 5th century Mosaics Mausoleum of Galla Placidia Ravenna, Italy
- 20. San Vitale, Ravenna (Byzantine, 526 – 547 CE)
- 22. Justinian and Attendants (Byzantine, c. 547 CE). Mosaic. San Vitale, Ravenna, Italy
- 23. Justinian and Attendants (Byzantine, c. 547 CE). Mosaic.
- 25. Anthemius and Isidorus. Hagia Sophia, (Byzantine, 532-537 CE) Istanbul, Turkey.
- 26. Anthemius and Isidorus. Hagia Sophia, (Byzantine, 532-537 CE) Istanbul, Turkey.
- 29. Pantocrator , Byzantine, mosaic, Hagia Sophia
- 30. Pantocrator mosaic, Byzantine
- 34. Interior of Laon Cathedral, view facing east (begun c. 1190 CE).
- 35. Exterior of Laon Cathedral, west facade (begun c. 1190 CE).
- 37. West Facade of Chartres Cathedral, Chartres, France (begun 1134 CE, rebuilt after 1194 CE).
- 38. Royal Portals of Chartres Cathedral, Chartres, France (begun 1134 CE, rebuilt after 1194 CE).
- 39. Aerial view from the northwest of Chartres Cathedral, Chartres, France (begun 1134 CE, rebuilt after 1194 CE).
- 40. Flying Buttresess of Chartres Cathedral, Chartres, France (begun 1134 CE, rebuilt after 1194 CE).
- 41. Nave, Chartres Cathedral, Chartres, France (begun 1134 CE, rebuilt after 1194 CE).
- 43. Cathedral of Notre-Dame de Paris (Gothic, begun 1163 CE, completed 1250 CE).
- 44. Notre Dame Cathedral, Gothic, Paris, France
- 45. Windows of Chartres Cathedral, Chartres, France (begun 1134 CE, rebuilt after 1194 CE).
- 47. Florence Cathedral (Gothic, begun 1368 CE).
- 50. Jamb figures, west portals, Chartres Cathedral (Gothic, c. 1140–1150 CE).
- 51. The Annunciation and Visitation Jamb figures, west portals, Reims Cathedral (Gothic, begun 1210 CE).
Editor's Notes
- This module takes a quick look at the first 1300 years of Early Christian and Byzantine through Gothic art. Around 33 CE, during the reign of the Roman Emperor Tiberius, Jesus Christ was crucified outside the city of Jerusalem, then a part of the Roman empire. The followers of Jesus of Nazareth, at first merely a despised handful, confounded the Roman authorities by their perseverance in the face of torture and martyrdom in a faith derided by the haughty Roman writer Tacitus as "mischievous superstition." But this revolutionary Christian doctrine of brotherhood of man appealed powerfully to the down trodden, the world-weary and disaffected people. They had the promise of spiritual comfort, salvation and eternal life (a philosophy held by the Egyptians). After striving for 300 years to stamp out Christianity, the rulers of Rome, alarmed for their future, turned for support to the faith. This faith represented a new phase in human development, engendering a new consciousness that manifested itself in life and art.
- A basilica in Roman times meant "a royal hall." Constantine began construction of this first great Christian church. Christian basilicas developed a distinctive form. Common to most was the oblong plan with an entrance at one end, a Roman-style atrium, the sanctuary frequently terminating in a hemispheric apse at the opposite end. The long body was divided into a nave and aisle and covered by a double pitched roof, with roof beams either exposed to the interior or covered by a flat wooden ceiling. From the entrance, a congregation of 14,000 worshipers walked solemnly along a royal path to approach the altar of Christ. All this in underneath the foundation of the present Saint Peter’s of Rome.
- Mosaic. This is a narrative with monumental central figures.
- Christ the Good Shepherd , mosaic, Mausoleum of Galla Placidia, Ravenna, Italy Fifth-century chapel and burial place of a Byzantine empress
- Mosaics, archway detail Cross in Starry Sky; Mausoleum of Galla Placidia, Ravenna Compare/contrast with Joyce Kozloff’s Galla Placidia in Philadephia
- Christianity was officially recognized in 313 CE. Constantine moved his capital from Rome to Byzantium, Turkey and renamed the city after himself, Constantinople. This was quite a distance. He split his empire in two. The weakened Rome became prey to the predatory tribes of France and England.
- Christianity was officially recognized in 313 CE. Constantine moved his capital from Rome to Byzantium, Turkey and renamed the city after himself, Constantinople. This was quite a distance. He split his empire in two. The weakened Rome became prey to the predatory tribes of France and England.
- Hagia Sophia, Constantinople (Istanbul), Turkey, (Byzantine, 532-537 CE). The minarets were added after the Ottoman conquest following 1453, when it became an Islamic mosque.
- The word “Gothic” refers to the Goths, a Germanic tribe, who invaded Greece and Rome. But in reality, the Goths did nothing to produce this beautiful style. Gothic style was at first defined in architecture and architectural motifs. It is easily identifiable because of its unique vocabulary: pointed arches, ribbed-cross vaults, flying buttresses, cluster piers and stained glass windows. Gothic architecture seems to have been born in France and invented by Abbot Suger, who was a friend and advisor to the French kings Louis VI and VII, when he rebuilt the facade, ambulatory and radiating chapel of the Royal Abbey Church of Saint Denis near Paris. Saint Denis is an abbey.
- Gothic architecture seems to have been born in France and invented by Abbot Suger, who was a friend and advisor to the French kings Louis VI and VII, when he rebuilt the facade, ambulatory and radiating chapel of the Royal Abbey Church of Saint Denis near Paris. Saint Denis is an abbey. Its architecture was meant to help the worshiper rise from the physical and material world to an immaterial, spiritual realm. Light is the frequent metaphor for the divine in theological and mystical writings. Suger had the following inscription put over the west portal. He took credit for how his new architecture created a "crown of light" at Saint Denis. "For bright is that which is brightly coupled with the bright, and bright is the noble edifice which pervaded by the new light; which stands enlarged in our time, I, who was Suger, being the leader while it was being accomplished."