SustSan workshop: Implementation Tools: hardware and software by Tandiwe Erlmann

SSWM Implementation Tools: Hardware and Software
SSWM Implementation Tools:
Hardware and Software
1
seecon international gmbh
Tandiwe Erlmann
Ljubljana, Slovenia, April 4th 2014

More information at www.sswm.info
5
1. Introduction
“Participatory
Planning and
Decision Making”
How can I optimize
my local water
management and
sanitation system?
How can I plan
and implement
my water and
sanitation
initiatives in a
more sustainable
way?
Planning & Process
Tools
Implementation
Tools
Behavioural change
approaches
Technical tools

6
Hardware tools are…
… technical tools to optimize your water and nutrient cycle
2. Hardware
•  These are physical solutions that you can
see and touch with your hands such as
water filters, toilets, treatment systems or
technologies to recycle water and
nutrients.
•  Usually, you will need a combination of
different hardware and software tools to
really make a sustainable impact.
Source: www.sswm.info

Hardware tools are…
7
2. Hardware Tools
…technical tools to optimise your water and nutrient cycle
Brainstorming
Which
hardware tools
do you know???

Water Sources
2. Hardware Tools
8
http://www.sswm.info/
category/
implementation-tools/
water-sources
Surface
Water
Sources

•  Water
Source
Protec,on,
Rivers,
Lakes,
Reservoirs,

Bank
Filtra,on,
Desalina,on

Groundwater
Sources

•  Springs,
Dug
Wells,
Drilled
Wells,
Manual
Pumping,

Mechanized
Pumping,
Well
Development
&

Rehabilita,on

Rainwater
Harves5ng

•  Bunds,
Field
Trenches,
Plan,ng
Pits,
Micro
Basins,

Sand
Dams,
Check
Dams
&
Gully
Plugs,
Controlled

Drainage,
Fog
Drip,
Groundwater
Recharge

Other

•  BoGled
Water
,
Water
Vendors

Conserva5on
of
Soil
Moisture

•  Conserva,on
Tillage,
Soil
Cover
and
Reforestera,on,

Soil
Amendment,
Mulching,
Crop
Selec,on

Water Purification
2. Hardware Tools
Point-of-Use Water Treatment and HWTS
•  chlorination, bio-filtration, SODIS, …
Water Purification in Emergencies
•  Water Supply and Purification in
Emergencies; POU Water Purification in
Emergencies; Community and Camp
Water Supply
(Semi-)centralized Drinking Water
Treatment
•  e.g. Slow-sand filtration, Coagulation-
flocculation, …)
Etc.
9
http://www.sswm.info/category/
implementation-tools/water-
purification

Water Distribution
2. Hardware Tools
10
category/implementation-tools/
water-distribution
Water Distribution Networks
•  Water Distribution Overview; Network; Design
and Dimensioning; Pumping Stations; Leakage
Control; Decentralized Supply; Intermittent
Water Distribution; Preventing
Recontamination; Hydropower (Small-scale)
Piped Water Distribution
•  Water Distribution Pipes; Trenches; Irrigation
Channels
Non-piped Distribution
•  Human Powered Distribution; Motorized
Distribution; Bottled Water; Water Vendors
O&M of Water Distribution

Water Use
2. Hardware Tools
11
http://
www.sswm.info/
category/
water-use
Optimization of Water Use at Home
•  Reduce Water Consumption at Home, Wastewater
Reuse at Home, Simple Handwashing Devices
Optimization of Water Use in Industry
•  Reduce Water Consumption in Industries, Reusing
Water within Businesses, Reusing Water between
Business, Wastewater Reuse in Industries
Optimization of Water Use in Agriculture
•  Surface Irrigation, Manual Irrigation, Automatic
Irrigation, Sprinkler Irrigation, Drip Irrigation, etc.
Conservation of Soil Moisture
•  Tillage techniques, etc.
Water for Energy
•  Hydropower small and large scale, etc.

Wastewater Collection
2. Hardware Tools
12
http://www.sswm.info/category/
implementation-tools/wastewater-
collection
Cartage
•  Human Powered Emptying, Motorized Emptying
Sewers
•  Conventional Sewers, Separate Sewers, Simplified Sewers, Solids-free
Sewers, Pressurized Sewers, Vacuum Sewers, Transfer Stations
Surface-runoff
•  Stormwater Management, Retention Basin

Wastewater Treatment
2. Hardware Tools
13
category/
wastewater-treatment
Sanitation Systems
User Interfaces
•  Dry Toilet, Pour-Flush Toilet, Flush Toilet, UD Flush Toilet, Low-flush
Toilet, Vacuum Toilet, Urine Diversion Components, Flush Urinals,
Urinal
On-site Storage and Treatments
Single Pit, Single VIP, Double VIP, UDDT, Composting Toilets, Fossa
Alterna, Terra Preta Toilet, Arborloo, Dehydration Vaults, Compost
Filters, Composting Chamber, Anaerobic Digestion, Biogas Settlers,
Anaerobic Baffled Reactor, Anaerobic Filter, etc.
(Semi-)Centralized Treatments
•  Septic Tanks, Compost Filters, Anaerobic Filters, Anaerobic Baffled
Reactor, UASB Reactor, Anaerobic Digestion, Biogas Settler, Rotating
Biological Contactor, Trickling Filters, Waste Stabilization Pond,
Aerated Pond, Advanced Integrated Ponds, Aquaculture,
Constructed Wetlands, W, Non-planted Filters, Stormwater
Management, Retention Basin, Activated Sludge, Fixed-film (AS),
Membrane Bioreactor (MBR), etc.
Sanitation in Emergencies
…
Sludge Treatment
…

Reuse and Recharge
2. Hardware Tools
14
http://
www.sswm.info/
category/
implementation-
tools/reuse-and-
recharge
Reuse of Urine and Faeces in Agriculture
•  Urine Fertilization (Small-scale), Urine Fertilization (Large-
scale), Fertilizer from Urine, Fertilizer from Sludge, Use of
Dehydrated Faeces, Use of Compost, Arborloo
Reuse of Blackwater and Greywater
•  Aquaculture, Fertigation, Greywater Towers, Vertical Gardens
Recharge & Disposal
•  Leach Fields, Soak Pits, Evaporation Beds, Surface Disposal
(Liquids), Surface Disposal (Solids), Land Application of
Sludge, Groundwater Recharge (Surface), Groundwater
Recharge (Sub-surface), Soil Aquifer Treatment, Short
Rotation Plantations, Stormwater Management
Energy Products from Sludge
•  Heat Recovery from Sludge, Direct Use of Biogas, Biogas
Electricity (Small-scale), Biogas Electricity (Large-scale)
Household and Industry Reuse
•  Reuse of Wastewater at Home, Reuse of Wastewater in
Industries

Source: http://education-portal.com/articles/Sleep_Awareness_Week_Sleep_from_A_to_Zzzzzs.html [Accessed: 08.08.2012]
26

Are Hardware Tools enough?
Why do we need Software Tools?
28
Source: http://www.wsp.org/userfiles/image/2009_JUL.jpg [Accessed: 23.03.2010]
Source: http://www.wsp.org/userfiles/image/2009_JUL.jpg [Accessed: 23.03.2010]

29
“Participatory
Planning and
Decision Making”
How can I optimize
my local water
management and
sanitation system?
How can I plan
and implement
my water and
sanitation
initiatives in a
more sustainable
way?
Planning & Process
Tools
Implementation
Tools
Behavioural change
approaches
Technical tools

Because we need a combination of hardware and software to make a
sustainable impact!
•  The technology works but is not adapted to
the local context
•  Community might not accept an intervention
•  The authorities might not be willing to invest
(finances and regulation)
•  Ensuring sustainability
Why do we need Software Tools?
30
3. Software
Why?
Economy
Society
Environment
Hard-
ware Software

Software tools are…
31
3. Software
… behavioural change approaches to optimise your water and
nutrient cycle
With what kind
of processes,
measures and
tools can I plan
and implement
my SSWM
project?
How can I optimize
my local water and
sanitation system
and make it more
sustainable?

32
3. Software
… behavioural change approaches to optimise your water and
nutrient cycle
… a set of tools and set-ups that are necessary to achieve
changes in the behaviour and attitudes of different actors
involved in the water and sanitation system.
Economic
Tools
Software
Awareness
raising Tools
Command &
Control Tools
Creating an
Enabling
Environment

33
3. Software
Economic
Tools
Creating an
Enabling
Environment
Command &
Control Tools
Awareness
Raising
….because
people pursue
goals in
accordance
with their
values and
knowledge.
… because
people want to
avoid the
penalties for
non-
compliance.
…. because
people want to
achieve
maximal
benefit at
minimal cost.
… because you
need a sound
framework to
establish a
sustainable
water and
sanitation
management
strategy.

34
3. Software
Economic
Tools
Awareness
raising Tools
Command &
Control Tools
Creating an
Enabling
Environment
Brainstorming
Which Software Tools do
you know?

•  Social Marketing
•  School Campaigns
•  SSWM in School
Curriculums
•  Empowering Young
People as Promoters
•  Advocacy -
Influencing Leaders
•  Creating Information
Material
•  Media Campaigns –
Posters and Flyers,
Radio, Video, Internet
and Email
•  Corporate Social
Responsibility
•  Command & Control
Tools
•  Standards
•  Restriction
•  Tradable Water Rights
•  Water Charges
•  Water Pricing -
General
•  Water Pricing - Fixed
Water Charge
Increasing Block
Tariffs
Decreasing Block
Tariffs
Uniform Volumetric
Charge
•  Subsidies
•  Creating Policies and
Legal Framework
•  Building an
Institutional
Framework
•  Bundling and
Unbundling of
Functions
•  Strengthening
Enforcement Bodies
•  Decentralization
•  Public Private
Partnerships
•  Privatization
•  Nationalization
•  Developing Human
Resources
35
3. Software
Economic
Tools
Creating an
Enabling
Environment
Command &
Control Tools
Awareness
Raising

Group Work: Optimise your SSWM System
Objective:
•  Find solutions for the most pressing problems!
Tasks:
•  45’ Group work:
-  Consult SSWM Toolbox
-  Identify existing hardware and software tools
-  Identify appropriate hard- and software to
optimise your system
53
4. Introduction to Group Work
Find help in the
SSWM Toolbox:
Implementation Tools
category/implementation-
tools/implementation-tools-
introduction
Hardware
Software
How can I optimise my
local water management
and sanitation system
and make it more
sustainable?

Find help in the SSWM Toolbox
54

Find help in the SSWM Toolbox
55

Example of a Factsheet
•  Executive Summary
•  Description:
• Intro
• Basic Design
Principles
• Health Aspects
• Cost Aspects
• O&M
•  Applicability
•  Advantages and
Disadvantages
•  Further Readings:
• General
• Case Studies
• Training Material
• Weblinks
56

SSWM Implementation Tools: Hardware and Software 59
“Linking up Sustainable Sanitation,
Water Management & Agriculture”
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SustSan workshop: Implementation Tools: hardware and software by Tandiwe Erlmann

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