2. If you want to mention the cause first::
Cause
Effect
Too much alcohol
causes
drunkenness.
Too much alcohol
leads to
drunkenness.
Too much alcohol
gives rise to
drunkenness.
Too much alcohol
results in
drunkenness.
Too much alcohol
brings about
drunkenness.
2
3. Cause
Effect
Dringking too much coffee
causes
sleeplessness.
Dringking too much coffee
Leads to
lack of attention
Dringking too much coffee
gives rise to
excitement
Dringking too much coffee
Results in
Addiction.
4. Cause
Effect
Not bringing your book to class
causes
the teacher to be angry.
Not bringing your book to class
leads to
Not bringing your book to class
leads
the teacher to be angry.
Not bringing your book to class
causes
You to lose your
attention in the lecture
Not bringing your book to class
causes
The inability to focus
on the lecture
Not bringing your book to class
results in
Students with free
time
Not bringing your book to class
leads to
an angry teacher.
Increased
unattendance
5. If you want to mention the effect first::
Effect
Cause
Drunkenness
is due to
too much alcohol.
Drunkenness
is caused by
too much alcohol.
Drunkenness
results from
too much alcohol.
Drunkenness
is the result of
too much alcohol.
Drunkenness
is the effect of
too much alcohol.
5
6. Effect
Cause
Failure in exams
results from
not studying.
Failure in exams may
result from
carelessness.
Failure in exams might
be the result of
headache on
that day
Failure in exams could
be the effect of
excitement
7. Match the causes/effects with the effects/causes respectively:
Malaria
is caused by
mosquitos.
Mental stress
is the result of
overcrowding.
give rise to
road accidents.
Soil erosion
is due to
heavy rain and
strong winds.
Lack of rain
brings about
drought.
Juvenile crime
results from
Deafness
is caused by
Icy conditions
broken homes.
loud noise
7
8. Damage to the liver is caused by excessive drinking of alcohol.
A rise in temperature leads to the expansion of metals.
High atmospheric pressure results in an increase in the
boiling point of water.
A disturbance in the ionosphere brings about poor shortwave radio reception.
Paralysis is an effect of damage to the spinal cord.
9. Cause Paragraph Outline
I. Topic Sentence: makes clear that your paragraph will
discuss causes of something.
II. First cause: first topic sentence
A. Detail
B. Detail
III. Second Cause
A. Detail
B. Detail
IV. Third Cause
A. Detail
B. Detail
V. Summary / Concluding Sentence
10. T
O
p
Traffic accidents occur because of several reasons.
i
There are several reasons why traffic accidents happen, but c
three of them are the most significant causes of traffic
S
accidents. , but three of them stand out.
One of the main reasons of traffic accidents is careless drivers.
Some drivers ignore the traffic rules such as traffic lights and
other warning signals. Moreover, they resist wearing seat belts.
In addition, some drivers drink alcohol while or before driving.
Another cause that results in traffic accidents is weather
conditions. Drivers tend to lose the control of the car on icy,
wet, or slippery roads and this gives rise to traffic accidents.
Too many cars also lead to traffic accidents. When there is
traffic, some drivers tend to become nervous, and they become
more error-prone. As a result of their mistakes, traffic accidents
happen.
To sum up, careless drivers, weather conditions, and too many
cars cause traffic accidents. Drivers should take all these into
consideration if they do not want to have an accident.
What are the causes of road accident?
11. Write a paragraph on one of the following topics.
2) Explain the causes of water scarcity.
Why has water become that scarce? Explain.
•Climate changes
•Unplanned and excessive consumption by the industry
•Inadequate water policies
•People wasting water
3) Explain the causes of cheating in exams.
Why do students cheat? Explain.
•Parental pressure
•Studying requires time and effort, but cheating does not.
•Necessity for high grades to enter a good university
•Peer influence
•To avoid embarassment in case of a low grade
4. What are the factors that lead young people to start smoking?
Why do young people smoke? Explain.
•To appear older and more grown up
•Peer influence
•Curiosity
•Environmental factors (parents/other people smoking)
•As an act of rebellion (against their parents or teachers, etc.)
12. Effect Paragraph Outline
I. Topic Sentence: makes clear that your paragraph will
discuss effects of something.
II. First effect
A. Detail
B. Detail
III. Second effect
A. Detail
B. Detail
IV. Third effect
A. Detail
B. Detail
V. Summary / Concluding Sentence
13. Topic Sentence: There are various reasons why
students have difficulties in listening classes.
Supporing S1: Speaker`s fast English is the
prime reason why students have difficulties in
listening classes. Speakers who speak
English fast is the main reason for students`
difficulty in listening classes. When the
speaker is speaking fast, it is difficult to
understand him/her. Also, it is
hard/challenging to take notes.
Supporting S2: The second cause of difficulty
which students experience in listening is their
inadequate vocabulary.
IV. Third Cause
A. Detail
B. Detail
