Gastritis

Copyright © 2007, 2004, 2000, Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved.Copyright © 2007, 2004, 2000, Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Gastritis

Out line
 Definition of gastritis .Definition of gastritis .
 Risk factorsRisk factors
 Acute Gastritis(ClinicalAcute Gastritis(Clinical
Manifestations)Manifestations)
 Chronic Gastritis(ClinicalChronic Gastritis(Clinical
Manifestations)Manifestations)
 Diagnostic StudiesDiagnostic Studies
 TreatmentTreatment

GastritisGastritis
• Inflammation of gastric mucosaInflammation of gastric mucosa
• One of most common problemsOne of most common problems
affecting the stomachaffecting the stomach
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GastritisGastritis
• Result of a breakdown in gastricResult of a breakdown in gastric
mucosal barriermucosal barrier
• Stomach tissue unprotectedStomach tissue unprotected
from autodigestion by HCl acidfrom autodigestion by HCl acid
and pepsinand pepsin

GastritisGastritis
Etiology and PathophysiologyEtiology and Pathophysiology
• Risk factorsRisk factors
 DrugsDrugs
• AspirinAspirin
 DietDiet
• Alcohol, spicy foodAlcohol, spicy food

GastritisGastritis
• Risk factors (cont’d)Risk factors (cont’d)
 MicroorganismsMicroorganisms
• HelicobacterHelicobacter pyloripylori
• Staphylococcus organismsStaphylococcus organisms

GastritisGastritis
 Environmental factorsEnvironmental factors
• Radiation, smokingRadiation, smoking
 Pathophysiologic conditionsPathophysiologic conditions
• Burns, renal failureBurns, renal failure
 Other factorsOther factors
• Psychologic stress, NG tubePsychologic stress, NG tube

GastritisGastritis
 Autoimmune atrophic gastritisAutoimmune atrophic gastritis
• Affects fundus and body of stomachAffects fundus and body of stomach
• Associated withAssociated with increased risk ofincreased risk of
gastric cancergastric cancer
• May be link to presence ofMay be link to presence of H. pyloriH. pylori
and development of autoimmuneand development of autoimmune
chronic gastritischronic gastritis

Acute GastritisAcute Gastritis
Clinical ManifestationsClinical Manifestations
• Self-limitingSelf-limiting
 Lasts few hours to a few daysLasts few hours to a few days
 Complete healing of mucosaComplete healing of mucosa
expectedexpected

Acute GastritisAcute Gastritis
 AnorexiaAnorexia
 NauseaNausea
 VomitingVomiting
 Epigastric tendernessEpigastric tenderness
 Feeling of fullnessFeeling of fullness
 HemorrhageHemorrhage
• Common with alcohol abuseCommon with alcohol abuse
• May be only symptomMay be only symptom

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Chronic GastritisChronic Gastritis
 Symptoms are similar to acuteSymptoms are similar to acute
gastritisgastritis
 Loss of intrinsic factor can occurLoss of intrinsic factor can occur
when acid-secreting cells are lostwhen acid-secreting cells are lost
or are nonfunctioningor are nonfunctioning

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GastritisGastritis
Diagnostic StudiesDiagnostic Studies
• Acute gastritisAcute gastritis
 Diagnosis most often based onDiagnosis most often based on
history of drug and alcohol abusehistory of drug and alcohol abuse
• Chronic gastritisChronic gastritis
 Diagnosis may be delayed orDiagnosis may be delayed or
missed due to nonspecificmissed due to nonspecific
symptomssymptoms

GastritisGastritis
• Endoscopic examination withEndoscopic examination with
biopsybiopsy
 Necessary for definitive diagnosisNecessary for definitive diagnosis
• Breath, urine, serum, stool, andBreath, urine, serum, stool, and
gastric tissue to determinegastric tissue to determine
H. pyloriH. pylori

GastritisGastritis
• Radiologic studies not helpfulRadiologic studies not helpful
• CBCCBC
 Confirm presence of anemiaConfirm presence of anemia
• Occult blood testOccult blood test

GastritisGastritis
• Gastric analysisGastric analysis
 Determines achlorhydria (lack of acidDetermines achlorhydria (lack of acid
secretion)secretion)
• Tissue biopsy with cytologicTissue biopsy with cytologic
examinationexamination

Treatment
• AntibioticsAntibiotics – to kill the H. pylori bacteria
if found in the digestive tract.
• Proton pump inhibitorsProton pump inhibitors – to reduce
stomach acid.
• Histamine H2 antagonistsHistamine H2 antagonists – to reduce the
amount of gastric acid that is released
into the digestive tract.
• AntacidsAntacids – to neutralize gastric acid.

Summary
• At the end of presentation we know:
 Definition of gastritis .
 Risk factors
 Acute Gastritis(Clinical
Manifestations)
 Chronic Gastritis(Clinical
Manifestations)
 Diagnostic Studies
 Treatment

REFERENCES
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastritis
http://www.rightdiagnosis.com/g/gastritis/in
http://nursestudy.net/2015/04/17/gastritis-p

Gastritis

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