Presentation in Tallinn University course KAM7509.HR Research Seminar II, 5 March 2020

1. Citations and
References in APA
Style
Hans Põldoja

2. https://apastyle.apa.org

3. APA Style
• Instructions in regard to preparation of manuscript (Bentley et
al., 1929)
• Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association
(1944, 1974, 1983, 1994, 2001, 2009, 2019)
• 6th edition (APA, 2010)
• 7th edition (APA, 2020)

4. Two parts of correct referencing
• In-text citations
• References

5. In-text citations

6. Basic Principles of Citation
• Citations are required both for paraphrases and quotations
• Cite only works that you have read and ideas that you have
used in your writing
• Cite primary sources when possible, cite secondary sources in
rare cases
• Cite all sources that are not a common knowledge

7. https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/citations/basic-principles

8. https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/citations/basic-principles/author-date

9. Basic in-text citation styles

10. References

11. Four elements of a reference list entry
• Author — Who is responsible for this work?
• Date — When was this work published?
• Title — What is this work called?
• Source — Where can I retrieve this work?

12. Format of author names
• Author, A. A.
• Author, A. A., & Author, B. B.
• Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C.

13. Format of the date
• (2020)
• (2020, March 5)
• (2020, March)

14. https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/references/elements-list-entry

15. Reference examples
• Textual works (1–74)
• Data sets, software and tests (75–83)
• Audiovisual media (84–102)
• Online media (103–114)

16. https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/references/examples

17. Reference managers

18. https://www.mendeley.com

19. References
• American Psychological Association. (2010). Publication Manual of the
American Psychological Association (6th ed.). Washington, DC: American
Psychological Association.
• American Psychological Association. (2020). Publication Manual of the
American Psychological Association (7th ed.). https://doi.org/
10.1037/0000165-000
• Bentley, M., Peerenboom, C. A., Hodge, F. W., Passano, E. B., Warren, H. C.,
& Washburn, M. F. (1929). Instructions in regard to preparation of
manuscript. Psychological Bulletin, 26(2), 57–63. https://doi.org/10.1037/
h0071487

20. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0
International License. To view a copy of this license, visit
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Hans Põldoja
hans.poldoja@tlu.ee
School of Digital Technologies
Tallinn University