1. Seminar
on
4G wireless technology
By-
SANDEEP
2907247

2. What is 4G?
 Abbreviation of fourth generation wireless technology
 It will provide a comprehensive IP solution where
voice , data and multimedia can be given to user on an
“anytime , anywhere” basis.
 It includes several types of broadband wireless
communication system access including cellular
telephone system.

3. History of 4G technology

4. Why 4G is required?
 Due to substantial growth in overall number of
subscribers.
 Due to massive demand of new services like
data , audio , image or video .

5. Features of 4G TECHNOLOGY
 Support for multimedia services like teleconferencing and
wireless internet.
 Wider bandwidths and higher bitrates.
 Entirely packet-switched network.
 Global mobility and service portability.
 Support for previous wireless technologies.
 High internet speed.
 Tight network security.

6. Transmission system

7. • an e.g. of 4G network

8. Technology used in 4G
 OFDM
 UWB
 Smart antennas
 IPv6

9. OFDM(orthogonal frequency division multiplexing)
 IT transmits large amounts of digital data over a radio wave.
 OFDM works by splitting the radio signal into multiple smaller sub-
signals that are then transmitted simultaneously at different
frequencies to the receiver .
 By inserting a cyclic prefix between adjacent OFDM signal inter
signal interference is virtually eliminated if the max. channel delay
spread is less than the time interval of cyclic prefix.
 In OFDM the subcarrier pulse used for transmission is rectangular.
 Here modulation can performed by an IDFT ,which can be generated
very efficiently as an IFFT . so, receiver only needs a FFT to reverse
this process.

10. UWB(ultra wide band)
 .An advanced technology that can be used in 4G technology.
 It is typically detected as noise.
 It can use any part of the frequency spectrum, which means that it can use
frequencies that are currently in use by other radio frequency devices .
 It uses a frequency of 3.1 to 10.6 Hz.
 It uses less power , since it transmits pulse instead of continuous signal.
 Special antennas are needed to tune and aim the signal.

11. IPv6
 . IPv6 means Internet Protocol Version 6 .
 The Internet Protocol (IP) is the method or protocol which data is sent
from one
computer to another on the internet.
 Each computer (known as a host) on the Internet has at least one IP
that uniquely identifies it from all other computers on the Internet.
 It includes128 bits, which is 4 times more than 32bits IP address in
IPv4.
 Understanding of IPv6 in 4G-
- 32 bits IP address looks like this 216.37.129.9
- all 4 sets are defined in different functions and usages.
- the first set of the IP address (216.37.129.9) can be defined to
be the“home address” purpose.

12. IPv6 continue……
 The second set of the IP address (79.23.178.229) can be declared as
the “care-of address”
After these addresses from cell and PC established a link, care-of
address will work instead of home address; it means that
communication channel will switch from the first set to to
the second set of the IPv6 address.
 The third set of the IP address (65.198.2.10) can be signed as mobile
IP address. It is the communication channel to wire-line network and
wireless network. An agent between the cell phones and PC will use
this mobile IP address to establish a channel to cell phones.
 The last set of IP address (192.168.5.120) can be local network
address for virtual private network (VPN) sharing purpose.

13. QOS(quality of service)
 In wireless networks, Quality of Service (QOS) refers to the measure
of the performance for a system reflecting its transmission quality and
service availability.
 4G is expected to have at least a reliability of 99.99%).
 In 4G QOS may be divided in following ways-
 Transaction-level QOS describes both the time it takes to complete a
transaction and the packet loss rate.
 Circuit-level QOS includes call blocking for new as well as existing
calls .
 User-level QoS depends on user mobility and application type .

14. Software defined ratio(SDR)
 A software defined radio is one that can be
configured to any radio or frequency standard
through the use of software.
 The phone should automatically switch from operating
on a CDMA frequency to a TDMA frequency whenever
it is required.
 Roaming can be an issue with different standards, but
with a software defined radio, users can just download
the interface upon entering new territory, or the
software could just download automatically.

15. Application
 In traffic control.
 Multimedia – video services
 Telemedicine.
 Crisis Management
 Virtual Navigation

16. Limitations
 Interoperability between the signaling techniques that are
planned for use in 4G.
 Cost is another factor that could hamper the progress of 4G
technology.The equipment required to implement the next-
generation network are still very expensive.
 A Key challenge facing deployment of 4G technologies is how
to make the network architectures compatible with each other.
This was one of the unmet goals of 3G.
 As regards the operating area, rural areas and many buildings
in metropolitan areas are not being served well by existing
wireless networks.

17. THANK YOU
ARE … WE…. EVOLUTING???