CONTENTS:
Introduction
Scientific Classification
Why Most Of Carrot In Orange Colour ???
Climate
Soil
Land Requirement
Seeds And Sowing
Sowing Time
Manures And Fertilization
Spacing
Carrot Varieties
Irrigation
Weed Control
Pollination Of Carrot
Isolation
Methods Of Seed Production
Plant Protection
Harvesting And Seed Yield
Seed Standards (%)
3. 3
CONTENT
• Introduction
• Scientific Classification
• Why Most Of Carrot In Orange Colour ???
• Climate
• Soil
• Land Requirement
• Seeds And Sowing
• Sowing Time
• Manures And Fertilization
• Spacing
• Carrot Varieties
• Irrigation
• Weed Control
• Pollination Of Carrot
• Isolation
• Methods Of Seed Production
• Plant Protection
• Harvesting And Seed Yield
• Seed Standards (%)
4. INTRODUCTION
It has medicinal use also & diuretic,
reminineralizing, antidiarrheal, overall tonic and
antianemic.
It is an annual or biennial herb with an erect and
much branched stem, 30 to 120 cm tall arising
from a thick fleshy taproot, 5-30 cm long bearing
flowers borne in umbels.
The main carrot growing states are Haryana,
Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Punjab and Uttar
Pradesh.
Haryana is leading producer of carrot in India
followed by Andhra Pradesh
C = CAROTENE rich.
A = precursor of Vit-A.
R = RIBOFLAVIN rich.
R = ROOT Crop.
O = anti-OXIDANT
T = TASTE of salad.
5. 5
Originated in Afghanistan in western Asia.
Carrot is grown almost all parts of India,
both in the plains and hills.
It is used fresh as SALAD or COOKED as
vegetable, fresh juice, pickle, and also
gajar ka halwa.
Kanji most popular appetizer drink
prepared from black carrots.
Chromosome no. 2n=18.
I N T R O D U C T I O N C O N T I … . .
6. 6
• Kingdom : Plantae
• Order : Apiales
• Family : Apiaceae
• Genus : Daucus
• Species : D. carota
• Scientific name: Daucus carota
SCIENTIFIC CLASSIFICATION
7. CLIMATE
Carrot is a cool season.
European or Temperate type carrot requires cooler climate than
Tropical or Asiatic types.
A temperature range of 7- 23ºC is considered optimum for seed
germination while for better root growth 10-15ºC is ideal & 15.6º-
21.1ºC develops best orange colour of roots.
Very high or low temperature is not conducive for proper development
of roots.
At higher temperatures, the roots become shorter, thicker and non-
juicy while at lower temperatures (10 to 15º C)they become longer.
At 10-15ºC=develop poor color.
15-20ºC=develop good color.
20-25ºC=develop less bright color.
8. SOIL
Carrots grows well-drained, deep, loose, sandy loam
soils rich in humus and having a pH 6-7.
Sandy soils, sandy loam and silted loam are the best .
Soils free of clods are preferred for smooth straight
roots.
Heavy, clay soils or compacted soils may produce
abnormal develoment of roots and roots become
or branched.
9. 9
Field under carrot crop previous year can be used
for seed production.
Uproot volunteer plants.
Soil should be ploughed to a depth of 30-40 cm and
worked to a very fine tilth.
Prepare raised beds 1 m wide and 20 cm high.
Incorporate 5-10 tons/ha of cattle manure or
compost to beds and level.
LAND REQUIREMENT
11. 11
SEEDS AND SOWING
Directly sown in well-prepared fields or beds having sufficient
moisture.
Seed rate is 6.25 kg/ha.
Seeds are sown 1.5cm deep on flatbeds or ridges (10-15cm high).
Distanse between ridges is 45 cm for Asiatic type & 30cm for
Temperate type.
Temperature range of 7- 23°C is considered optimum for seed
germination while.
Seeds are slow germinating takes 10-20 days.
Thinning is done to maintaining distance of 4-5cm betwwens plants.
12. SOWING TIME
Sowing of Asiatic types in plain is done during
August-September and by November-December
roots will ready.
Sowing of temperate types in plains for root
production is done during October-December.
In low Hills : Aug-Sep
In mid Hills : July-Sep
In high Hills : March-July
16. Temperate/Europian types
• Good coloured roots are produced under lower
temperature.
• Seeds can be produced in hills on account of
chilling requirement.
Examples: Early Nantes
Chantenay
Pusa Yamdagini →
Pusa Nayanjyoti
17. Tropical / Asiatic types
• Form Good coloured roots under high
temperature.
• Seeds can be produced in plains.
Examples: N-29
Pusa Kesar →
Pusa Meghali, etc.
18. 18
IRRIGATION
Crop requires frequent irrigations at 4-6 Days
intervals during summer & 10-12 Days interval during
winter or cool season.
Irrigation after a long dry period results in splitting
of cracking of roots.
WEED CONTROL
2-3 Hand weeding and light hoeing done after 2
and 4 weeks after planting.
Earthing up the plant once or twice at root
formation stage otherwise roots when exposed to
sunlight develop green colour at crown or sholder.
19. 19
Pollination of carrot
• Cross-pollinated crop
• Pollination occurs mainly through
bees
• The pollen viability is depend on
the temperature
21. Methods of Seed Production
Problem of Root Rot is more
1. Seed to Seed method :
22. When root formation is complete (after 4 to
4⅟₂ months), these are uprooted. Big core in
carrot is not desirable. Normally Temperate
varieties have small and coloured core. After
ascertaining true to type characters, stecklings
are prepared and planted.
When roots have been uprooted, replant
stecklings immediately.
Store the roots in trenches and transplanted in
spring .
Roots are cut when we replant in spring.
2. Root to Seed Method :
23. STAGES OF FIELD INSPECTION
1. 30 days after sowing
2. At lifting of roots and
steckling preparation
3. At flowering
24. SEED SETTING
Seed setting is 100% in Primary umbel.
90-100% in secondary umbel and
82.7% in tertiary umbel.
Flower are hermaphrodite.
Protandrous (male mature first)
26. ROGUING
4 Roguings are done:
1) First at vegetative growth stage
2) Second at root uprooting and replating
3) Third at full bloom period
4) Fourth at maturity: for late bolters.
27. PLANT PROTECTION
In carrot, we do not have serious disease in India but a
few common diseases
Leaf spot: Dithane Z-78 @ 0.2-0.3%
Bacterial leaf spot: Common during storage /
transport.
Thrips: Suck the sap from flower use:-
Metasystox, Rogor, Melathion.
Carrot Fly: Much hoeing is not desirable as the smell of
leaves attract carrot fly and it will lay eggs in the
disturbed soil/cracked fields.
29. HARVESTING AND SEED YIELD
Carrot inflorescence is compound umbel.
There are primary, secondary and tertiary
umbel. Primary umbel mature first followed
by secondary and tertiary. So the harvesting is
done at interval in 2-3 splits.
Seed is threshed with sticks.
Seed yield is 5-6 q/ha of Temperate varieties
and 6-10q/ha of Asiatic varieties.
1000 seed weight is 800mg.
30. 30
WHY MOST OF CARROT IN ORANGE COLOUR ???
Orange colour of carrot → β-Carotene
Red colour of carrot → Lycopene
Purple colour of carrot → Anthocynin
Yellow colour of carrot → Xanthophyll (Lutin)
31. SEED STANDARDS (%)
Factors Foundation seed Certified seed
Pure seed (min.) 95% 94%
Inert matter (max.) 5% 6%
Germination (min.) 60% 55%
Other crop seeds
(max.)
0.05% 0.10%