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WELCOME
SEED PRODUCTION
IN
CARROT
(Daucus carota)
Submitted to: Dr. Sanjay Chadda
Submitted by: Harmanjeet Singh (A-2015-30-071)
3
CONTENT
• Introduction
• Scientific Classification
• Why Most Of Carrot In Orange Colour ???
• Climate
• Soil
• Land Requirement
• Seeds And Sowing
• Sowing Time
• Manures And Fertilization
• Spacing
• Carrot Varieties
• Irrigation
• Weed Control
• Pollination Of Carrot
• Isolation
• Methods Of Seed Production
• Plant Protection
• Harvesting And Seed Yield
• Seed Standards (%)
INTRODUCTION
It has medicinal use also & diuretic,
reminineralizing, antidiarrheal, overall tonic and
antianemic.
It is an annual or biennial herb with an erect and
much branched stem, 30 to 120 cm tall arising
from a thick fleshy taproot, 5-30 cm long bearing
flowers borne in umbels.
The main carrot growing states are Haryana,
Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Punjab and Uttar
Pradesh.
Haryana is leading producer of carrot in India
followed by Andhra Pradesh
C = CAROTENE rich.
A = precursor of Vit-A.
R = RIBOFLAVIN rich.
R = ROOT Crop.
O = anti-OXIDANT
T = TASTE of salad.
5
Originated in Afghanistan in western Asia.
Carrot is grown almost all parts of India,
both in the plains and hills.
It is used fresh as SALAD or COOKED as
vegetable, fresh juice, pickle, and also
gajar ka halwa.
Kanji most popular appetizer drink
prepared from black carrots.
Chromosome no. 2n=18.
I N T R O D U C T I O N C O N T I … . .
6
• Kingdom : Plantae
• Order : Apiales
• Family : Apiaceae
• Genus : Daucus
• Species : D. carota
• Scientific name: Daucus carota
SCIENTIFIC CLASSIFICATION
CLIMATE
Carrot is a cool season.
European or Temperate type carrot requires cooler climate than
Tropical or Asiatic types.
A temperature range of 7- 23ºC is considered optimum for seed
germination while for better root growth 10-15ºC is ideal & 15.6º-
21.1ºC develops best orange colour of roots.
Very high or low temperature is not conducive for proper development
of roots.
At higher temperatures, the roots become shorter, thicker and non-
juicy while at lower temperatures (10 to 15º C)they become longer.
At 10-15ºC=develop poor color.
15-20ºC=develop good color.
20-25ºC=develop less bright color.
SOIL
Carrots grows well-drained, deep, loose, sandy loam
soils rich in humus and having a pH 6-7.
Sandy soils, sandy loam and silted loam are the best .
Soils free of clods are preferred for smooth straight
roots.
Heavy, clay soils or compacted soils may produce
abnormal develoment of roots and roots become
or branched.
9
Field under carrot crop previous year can be used
for seed production.
Uproot volunteer plants.
Soil should be ploughed to a depth of 30-40 cm and
worked to a very fine tilth.
Prepare raised beds 1 m wide and 20 cm high.
Incorporate 5-10 tons/ha of cattle manure or
compost to beds and level.
LAND REQUIREMENT
10
Monocropping
←Intercropping →
Mixcropping
CAN BE DONE AS;
11
SEEDS AND SOWING
Directly sown in well-prepared fields or beds having sufficient
moisture.
Seed rate is 6.25 kg/ha.
Seeds are sown 1.5cm deep on flatbeds or ridges (10-15cm high).
Distanse between ridges is 45 cm for Asiatic type & 30cm for
Temperate type.
Temperature range of 7- 23°C is considered optimum for seed
germination while.
Seeds are slow germinating takes 10-20 days.
Thinning is done to maintaining distance of 4-5cm betwwens plants.
SOWING TIME
Sowing of Asiatic types in plain is done during
August-September and by November-December
roots will ready.
Sowing of temperate types in plains for root
production is done during October-December.
In low Hills : Aug-Sep
In mid Hills : July-Sep
In high Hills : March-July
MANURES AND FERTILIZATION
MARKET CROP : 100 kg N
50 kg P2O5
50 kg K2O
SEED CROP : 50 kg N
40 kg P2O5
40 kg K2O
SPACING
MARKET CROP : 30-40cm × 5-10cm
SEED CROP : 60×45cm or
45×45cm or
45×30cm
15
CARROT VARIETIES
Temperate/Europian types
• Good coloured roots are produced under lower
temperature.
• Seeds can be produced in hills on account of
chilling requirement.
Examples: Early Nantes
Chantenay
Pusa Yamdagini →
Pusa Nayanjyoti
Tropical / Asiatic types
• Form Good coloured roots under high
temperature.
• Seeds can be produced in plains.
Examples: N-29
Pusa Kesar →
Pusa Meghali, etc.
18
IRRIGATION
Crop requires frequent irrigations at 4-6 Days
intervals during summer & 10-12 Days interval during
winter or cool season.
Irrigation after a long dry period results in splitting
of cracking of roots.
WEED CONTROL
2-3 Hand weeding and light hoeing done after 2
and 4 weeks after planting.
Earthing up the plant once or twice at root
formation stage otherwise roots when exposed to
sunlight develop green colour at crown or sholder.
19
Pollination of carrot
• Cross-pollinated crop
• Pollination occurs mainly through
bees
• The pollen viability is depend on
the temperature
ISOLATION
For Foundation Seed
For Certified Seed
1000m distance
800m distance
Methods of Seed Production
Problem of Root Rot is more
1. Seed to Seed method :
 When root formation is complete (after 4 to
4⅟₂ months), these are uprooted. Big core in
carrot is not desirable. Normally Temperate
varieties have small and coloured core. After
ascertaining true to type characters, stecklings
are prepared and planted.
 When roots have been uprooted, replant
stecklings immediately.
 Store the roots in trenches and transplanted in
spring .
 Roots are cut when we replant in spring.
2. Root to Seed Method :
STAGES OF FIELD INSPECTION
1. 30 days after sowing
2. At lifting of roots and
steckling preparation
3. At flowering
SEED SETTING
Seed setting is 100% in Primary umbel.
90-100% in secondary umbel and
82.7% in tertiary umbel.
Flower are hermaphrodite.
Protandrous (male mature first)
Primary Umbel (P), Secondary Umbel (S) And
Tertiary Umbel (T)
ROGUING
4 Roguings are done:
1) First at vegetative growth stage
2) Second at root uprooting and replating
3) Third at full bloom period
4) Fourth at maturity: for late bolters.
PLANT PROTECTION
In carrot, we do not have serious disease in India but a
few common diseases
 Leaf spot: Dithane Z-78 @ 0.2-0.3%
 Bacterial leaf spot: Common during storage /
transport.
 Thrips: Suck the sap from flower use:-
Metasystox, Rogor, Melathion.
 Carrot Fly: Much hoeing is not desirable as the smell of
leaves attract carrot fly and it will lay eggs in the
disturbed soil/cracked fields.
SEED BORNE DISEASES
 Carrot leaf blight (A. dauci)
Black root rot and seedling blight (A. radicinum)
Leaf spot (Cercospora carotae)
Brown root rot (Gibberella avenacae)
Phoma root rot (Phoma rosturpii)
Bacterial blight (Xanthomonas carotae)
Carrot Motley dwarf: CMD
HARVESTING AND SEED YIELD
Carrot inflorescence is compound umbel.
There are primary, secondary and tertiary
umbel. Primary umbel mature first followed
by secondary and tertiary. So the harvesting is
done at interval in 2-3 splits.
Seed is threshed with sticks.
Seed yield is 5-6 q/ha of Temperate varieties
and 6-10q/ha of Asiatic varieties.
1000 seed weight is 800mg.
30
WHY MOST OF CARROT IN ORANGE COLOUR ???
Orange colour of carrot → β-Carotene
Red colour of carrot → Lycopene
Purple colour of carrot → Anthocynin
Yellow colour of carrot → Xanthophyll (Lutin)
SEED STANDARDS (%)
Factors Foundation seed Certified seed
Pure seed (min.) 95% 94%
Inert matter (max.) 5% 6%
Germination (min.) 60% 55%
Other crop seeds
(max.)
0.05% 0.10%
seed production of Carrot (CSK HPKV)  harmanjeet singh

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seed production of Carrot (CSK HPKV) harmanjeet singh

  • 2. SEED PRODUCTION IN CARROT (Daucus carota) Submitted to: Dr. Sanjay Chadda Submitted by: Harmanjeet Singh (A-2015-30-071)
  • 3. 3 CONTENT • Introduction • Scientific Classification • Why Most Of Carrot In Orange Colour ??? • Climate • Soil • Land Requirement • Seeds And Sowing • Sowing Time • Manures And Fertilization • Spacing • Carrot Varieties • Irrigation • Weed Control • Pollination Of Carrot • Isolation • Methods Of Seed Production • Plant Protection • Harvesting And Seed Yield • Seed Standards (%)
  • 4. INTRODUCTION It has medicinal use also & diuretic, reminineralizing, antidiarrheal, overall tonic and antianemic. It is an annual or biennial herb with an erect and much branched stem, 30 to 120 cm tall arising from a thick fleshy taproot, 5-30 cm long bearing flowers borne in umbels. The main carrot growing states are Haryana, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Punjab and Uttar Pradesh. Haryana is leading producer of carrot in India followed by Andhra Pradesh C = CAROTENE rich. A = precursor of Vit-A. R = RIBOFLAVIN rich. R = ROOT Crop. O = anti-OXIDANT T = TASTE of salad.
  • 5. 5 Originated in Afghanistan in western Asia. Carrot is grown almost all parts of India, both in the plains and hills. It is used fresh as SALAD or COOKED as vegetable, fresh juice, pickle, and also gajar ka halwa. Kanji most popular appetizer drink prepared from black carrots. Chromosome no. 2n=18. I N T R O D U C T I O N C O N T I … . .
  • 6. 6 • Kingdom : Plantae • Order : Apiales • Family : Apiaceae • Genus : Daucus • Species : D. carota • Scientific name: Daucus carota SCIENTIFIC CLASSIFICATION
  • 7. CLIMATE Carrot is a cool season. European or Temperate type carrot requires cooler climate than Tropical or Asiatic types. A temperature range of 7- 23ºC is considered optimum for seed germination while for better root growth 10-15ºC is ideal & 15.6º- 21.1ºC develops best orange colour of roots. Very high or low temperature is not conducive for proper development of roots. At higher temperatures, the roots become shorter, thicker and non- juicy while at lower temperatures (10 to 15º C)they become longer. At 10-15ºC=develop poor color. 15-20ºC=develop good color. 20-25ºC=develop less bright color.
  • 8. SOIL Carrots grows well-drained, deep, loose, sandy loam soils rich in humus and having a pH 6-7. Sandy soils, sandy loam and silted loam are the best . Soils free of clods are preferred for smooth straight roots. Heavy, clay soils or compacted soils may produce abnormal develoment of roots and roots become or branched.
  • 9. 9 Field under carrot crop previous year can be used for seed production. Uproot volunteer plants. Soil should be ploughed to a depth of 30-40 cm and worked to a very fine tilth. Prepare raised beds 1 m wide and 20 cm high. Incorporate 5-10 tons/ha of cattle manure or compost to beds and level. LAND REQUIREMENT
  • 11. 11 SEEDS AND SOWING Directly sown in well-prepared fields or beds having sufficient moisture. Seed rate is 6.25 kg/ha. Seeds are sown 1.5cm deep on flatbeds or ridges (10-15cm high). Distanse between ridges is 45 cm for Asiatic type & 30cm for Temperate type. Temperature range of 7- 23°C is considered optimum for seed germination while. Seeds are slow germinating takes 10-20 days. Thinning is done to maintaining distance of 4-5cm betwwens plants.
  • 12. SOWING TIME Sowing of Asiatic types in plain is done during August-September and by November-December roots will ready. Sowing of temperate types in plains for root production is done during October-December. In low Hills : Aug-Sep In mid Hills : July-Sep In high Hills : March-July
  • 13. MANURES AND FERTILIZATION MARKET CROP : 100 kg N 50 kg P2O5 50 kg K2O SEED CROP : 50 kg N 40 kg P2O5 40 kg K2O
  • 14. SPACING MARKET CROP : 30-40cm × 5-10cm SEED CROP : 60×45cm or 45×45cm or 45×30cm
  • 16. Temperate/Europian types • Good coloured roots are produced under lower temperature. • Seeds can be produced in hills on account of chilling requirement. Examples: Early Nantes Chantenay Pusa Yamdagini → Pusa Nayanjyoti
  • 17. Tropical / Asiatic types • Form Good coloured roots under high temperature. • Seeds can be produced in plains. Examples: N-29 Pusa Kesar → Pusa Meghali, etc.
  • 18. 18 IRRIGATION Crop requires frequent irrigations at 4-6 Days intervals during summer & 10-12 Days interval during winter or cool season. Irrigation after a long dry period results in splitting of cracking of roots. WEED CONTROL 2-3 Hand weeding and light hoeing done after 2 and 4 weeks after planting. Earthing up the plant once or twice at root formation stage otherwise roots when exposed to sunlight develop green colour at crown or sholder.
  • 19. 19 Pollination of carrot • Cross-pollinated crop • Pollination occurs mainly through bees • The pollen viability is depend on the temperature
  • 20. ISOLATION For Foundation Seed For Certified Seed 1000m distance 800m distance
  • 21. Methods of Seed Production Problem of Root Rot is more 1. Seed to Seed method :
  • 22.  When root formation is complete (after 4 to 4⅟₂ months), these are uprooted. Big core in carrot is not desirable. Normally Temperate varieties have small and coloured core. After ascertaining true to type characters, stecklings are prepared and planted.  When roots have been uprooted, replant stecklings immediately.  Store the roots in trenches and transplanted in spring .  Roots are cut when we replant in spring. 2. Root to Seed Method :
  • 23. STAGES OF FIELD INSPECTION 1. 30 days after sowing 2. At lifting of roots and steckling preparation 3. At flowering
  • 24. SEED SETTING Seed setting is 100% in Primary umbel. 90-100% in secondary umbel and 82.7% in tertiary umbel. Flower are hermaphrodite. Protandrous (male mature first)
  • 25. Primary Umbel (P), Secondary Umbel (S) And Tertiary Umbel (T)
  • 26. ROGUING 4 Roguings are done: 1) First at vegetative growth stage 2) Second at root uprooting and replating 3) Third at full bloom period 4) Fourth at maturity: for late bolters.
  • 27. PLANT PROTECTION In carrot, we do not have serious disease in India but a few common diseases  Leaf spot: Dithane Z-78 @ 0.2-0.3%  Bacterial leaf spot: Common during storage / transport.  Thrips: Suck the sap from flower use:- Metasystox, Rogor, Melathion.  Carrot Fly: Much hoeing is not desirable as the smell of leaves attract carrot fly and it will lay eggs in the disturbed soil/cracked fields.
  • 28. SEED BORNE DISEASES  Carrot leaf blight (A. dauci) Black root rot and seedling blight (A. radicinum) Leaf spot (Cercospora carotae) Brown root rot (Gibberella avenacae) Phoma root rot (Phoma rosturpii) Bacterial blight (Xanthomonas carotae) Carrot Motley dwarf: CMD
  • 29. HARVESTING AND SEED YIELD Carrot inflorescence is compound umbel. There are primary, secondary and tertiary umbel. Primary umbel mature first followed by secondary and tertiary. So the harvesting is done at interval in 2-3 splits. Seed is threshed with sticks. Seed yield is 5-6 q/ha of Temperate varieties and 6-10q/ha of Asiatic varieties. 1000 seed weight is 800mg.
  • 30. 30 WHY MOST OF CARROT IN ORANGE COLOUR ??? Orange colour of carrot → β-Carotene Red colour of carrot → Lycopene Purple colour of carrot → Anthocynin Yellow colour of carrot → Xanthophyll (Lutin)
  • 31. SEED STANDARDS (%) Factors Foundation seed Certified seed Pure seed (min.) 95% 94% Inert matter (max.) 5% 6% Germination (min.) 60% 55% Other crop seeds (max.) 0.05% 0.10%