مباد يء تعلم الإنجليزية

G RAMMAR
‫الجنجليزية‬ ‫اللغة‬ ‫قواعد‬
2009/2010‫م‬

Parts of SpeechParts of Speech ‫الكلم‬ ‫أقسام‬‫الكلم‬ ‫أقسام‬
SentencesSentences ‫جلمل‬ُ‫م‬ ‫ال‬ ‫أجنواع‬‫جلمل‬ُ‫م‬ ‫ال‬ ‫أجنواع‬
Verb to BEVerb to BE ““‫”يكون‬ ‫فعل‬‫”يكون‬ ‫فعل‬
Verb to DOVerb to DO ““‫”يعلمل‬ ‫فعل‬‫”يعلمل‬ ‫فعل‬
Verb to HAVEVerb to HAVE ““‫”يلملك‬ ‫فعل‬‫”يلملك‬ ‫فعل‬
NounsNouns ‫المسلماء‬‫المسلماء‬
–Countable NounsCountable Nouns
‫المعدودة‬ ‫المسماء‬‫المعدودة‬ ‫المسماء‬
–Spelling Rules for PluralsSpelling Rules for Plurals
‫الجلمع‬ ‫إملء‬ ‫قواعد‬‫الجلمع‬ ‫إملء‬ ‫قواعد‬
–Uncountable NounsUncountable Nouns
‫اللمعدودة‬ ‫الغير‬ ‫المسلماء‬‫اللمعدودة‬ ‫الغير‬ ‫المسلماء‬
–Definite & Indefinite ArticlesDefinite & Indefinite Articles
‫النكرة‬ ‫و‬ ‫التعريف‬ ‫أدوات‬‫النكرة‬ ‫و‬ ‫التعريف‬ ‫أدوات‬
PronounsPronouns ‫الضلمائر‬‫الضلمائر‬
–Object PronounsObject Pronouns ‫به‬ ‫اللمفعول‬ ‫ضلمائر‬‫به‬ ‫اللمفعول‬ ‫ضلمائر‬
–Reflexive PronounsReflexive Pronouns
‫الجنعكامسية‬ ‫ضلمائر‬‫الجنعكامسية‬ ‫ضلمائر‬
–Future Continuous TenseFuture Continuous Tense
‫اللمستلمر‬ ‫اللمستقبل‬‫اللمستلمر‬ ‫اللمستقبل‬
–Present Perfect TensePresent Perfect Tense ‫التام‬ ‫اللمضارع‬‫التام‬ ‫اللمضارع‬
–Past Continuous TensePast Continuous Tense
‫اللمستلمر‬ ‫اللماضي‬‫اللمستلمر‬ ‫اللماضي‬
–Past Perfect TensePast Perfect Tense ‫التام‬ ‫اللماضي‬‫التام‬ ‫اللماضي‬
–Future Perfect TenseFuture Perfect Tense ‫التام‬ ‫اللمستقبل‬‫التام‬ ‫اللمستقبل‬
–Present Perfect ContinuousPresent Perfect Continuous ‫اللمضارع‬‫اللمضارع‬
‫اللمستلمر‬ ‫التام‬‫اللمستلمر‬ ‫التام‬ Active & PassiveActive & Passive
‫لللمجهول‬ ‫اللمبني‬ ‫و‬ ‫لللمعلوم‬ ‫اللمبني‬‫لللمجهول‬ ‫اللمبني‬ ‫و‬ ‫لللمعلوم‬ ‫اللمبني‬
TENSESTENSES ‫المزمنة‬‫المزمنة‬
–Present Simple TensePresent Simple Tense
‫البسيط‬ ‫اللمضارع‬‫البسيط‬ ‫اللمضارع‬
–Past Simple TensePast Simple Tense ‫البسيط‬ ‫اللماضي‬‫البسيط‬ ‫اللماضي‬
–Future Simple TenseFuture Simple Tense
‫البسيط‬ ‫اللمستقبل‬‫البسيط‬ ‫اللمستقبل‬
–Present Continuous TensePresent Continuous Tense
‫اللمستلمر‬ ‫اللمضارع‬‫اللمستلمر‬ ‫اللمضارع‬
English AlphabeticEnglish Alphabetic ‫الجنجليزية‬ ‫البجدية‬‫الجنجليزية‬ ‫البجدية‬
Main Menu‫الرئيسية‬ ‫القائلمة‬

English Alphabetic
‫الجنجليزية‬ ‫البجدية‬
A B C D E F G H I J K L M
N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
a b c d e f g h i j k l m
n o p q r s t u v w x y z
b c d f g h j k l m n p q r s t v w x y z
a e i o u
‫الكبيرة‬ ‫الجنجليزية‬ ‫البجدية‬Capital Letters
‫الصغيرة‬ ‫الجنجليزية‬ ‫البجدية‬S mall Letters
‫الساكنة‬ ‫الحروف‬Consonant Letters
‫اللمتحركة‬ ‫الحروف‬Vowels Letters

Parts of Speech
‫الكلم‬ ‫أقسام‬
Noun
‫امسم‬ . ‫علم‬ ‫امسم‬ ‫على‬ ‫مايدل‬
Ahmed, book
Pronoun
‫ضلمير‬
Verb
‫فعل‬
Adjective
‫صفة‬
‫امسم‬ ‫على‬ ‫يدل‬ ‫ما‬ ‫هو‬
. ‫محله‬ ‫يحل‬ ‫أو‬
I, he, she, it, etc. ……..
‫شيء‬ ‫حدوث‬ ‫على‬ ‫يدل‬ ‫ما‬ ‫هو‬
. ‫ما‬ ‫وقت‬ ‫في‬
Play, played, will play
‫المسم‬ ‫تصف‬ ‫كللمة‬ ‫عن‬ ‫عبارة‬ ‫هو‬
‫قبله‬ ‫وتكون‬
Rich Man‫غني‬ ‫رجل‬
‫اللموصوف‬ ‫المسم‬ ‫مسبقت‬ ‫هنا‬ ‫الصفة‬ ‫أن‬ ‫لحظ‬
‫الصفة‬ ‫فيها‬ ‫تكون‬ ‫التي‬ ‫العربية‬ ‫اللغة‬ ‫بعكس‬
. ‫اللموصوف‬ ‫المسم‬ ‫بعد‬

Adverb
‫حال‬
‫تصف‬ ‫كللمة‬ ‫عن‬ ‫عبارة‬ ‫هو‬
‫ا‬ً‫وضوح‬ ‫الصفة‬ ‫تزيد‬ ‫أو‬ ‫الفعل‬
Ahmed writes quickly.
‫بسرعة‬ ‫يكتب‬ ‫أحلمد‬.
Preposition
‫الجر‬ ‫حرف‬
Conjunction
‫العطف‬ ‫حرف‬
Interjection
‫تعجب‬ ‫حرف‬
‫أو‬ ‫المسم‬ ‫مع‬ ‫تأتي‬ ‫كللمة‬ ‫هو‬
‫بكللمة‬ ‫علقته‬ ‫لتبين‬ ‫الضلمير‬
‫أخرى‬
Ahmed goes to school
‫اللمدرمسة‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫يذهب‬ ‫أحلمد‬
They traveled by plane
‫بالطائرة‬ ‫مسافروا‬ ‫هم‬
Ali and Ahmad visited us
yesterday.
‫علي‬‫و‬‫أمس‬ ‫مزاروجنا‬ ‫أحلمد‬
Alas! She died! She died..
‫ماتت‬ ‫لقد‬ ! ‫للمسف‬ ‫يا‬‫ماتت‬ ‫لقد‬ ! ‫للمسف‬ ‫يا‬..
‫كللمة‬ ‫بين‬ ‫ما‬ ‫تصل‬ ‫كللمة‬ ‫هو‬
. ‫وجلملة‬ ‫جلملة‬ ‫أو‬ ‫وكللمة‬
‫أو‬ ‫أصوات‬ ‫عن‬ ‫عبارة‬ ‫هو‬
‫التعجب‬ ‫عن‬ ‫تعبر‬ ‫صيحات‬

Article
‫أداة‬
‫اللغة‬ ‫في‬ ‫أدوات‬ ‫ثلث‬ ‫هناك‬
‫الجنجليزية‬::
a, an, the
‫تستخدم‬a‫النكرة‬ ‫المسم‬ ‫قبل‬
.‫مساكن‬ ‫بحرف‬ ‫يبدأ‬ ‫الذي‬
‫تستخدم‬an‫النكرة‬ ‫المسم‬ ‫قبل‬
.‫متحرك‬ ‫بحرف‬ ‫يبدأ‬ ‫الذي‬
‫تستخدم‬ the ‫.للتعريف‬
This is a book..
.‫كتاب‬ ‫هذا‬
This is an apple.
‫تفاحة‬ ‫هذه‬‫تفاحة‬ ‫هذه‬
This is the book I bought
yesterday.
‫أمس‬ ‫اشتريته‬ ‫الذي‬ ‫الكتاب‬ ‫هو‬ ‫هذا‬‫أمس‬ ‫اشتريته‬ ‫الذي‬ ‫الكتاب‬ ‫هو‬ ‫هذا‬

: ‫ملحظة‬: ‫ملحظة‬
‫خلف‬ . ‫فعل‬ ‫على‬ ‫تحتوي‬ ‫وأن‬ ‫لبد‬ ‫الجنجليزية‬ ‫الجلملة‬ ‫أن‬ ‫بالذكر‬ ‫الجدير‬
: ‫مثل‬ ‫فعل‬ ‫بدون‬ ‫أي‬ ‫امسلمية‬ ‫الجلملة‬ ‫فيها‬ ‫تكون‬ ‫قد‬ ‫التي‬ ‫العربية‬ ‫اللغة‬
: ‫جنقول‬ ‫حرفيا‬ ‫الجنجليزية‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫ترجلمتها‬ ‫أردجنا‬ ‫ولو‬ (‫طبيب‬ ‫)علي‬
Ali doctorAli doctor
‫جنضع‬ ‫أن‬ ‫والصحيح‬ ‫فعل‬ ‫على‬ ‫احتوائها‬ ‫لعدم‬ ‫خاطئة‬ ‫إجنجليزية‬ ‫جلملة‬ ‫وهذه‬
: ‫فتصبح‬ ‫فعل‬ ‫لها‬
AliAli is a doctora doctor

G RAMMAR
‫الجنجليزية‬ ‫اللغة‬ ‫قواعد‬
2010/2009‫م‬
https://www.facebook.com/tarbiawahaya?
al-debany@hotmail.com
‫العزيز‬ ‫صديقي‬
.‫مكرهم‬ ‫أمن‬ ‫قوم‬ ‫لغة‬ ‫تعلم‬ ‫يقال:من‬ ‫وكلما‬
‫بلد‬ ‫كل‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫تسافر‬ ‫تجعلك‬ ‫التي‬ ‫اللغة‬ ‫هي‬ ‫القوم‬ ‫فاللغة‬ ‫بل‬
..‫العلوم‬ ‫وكل‬ ‫العالم‬ ‫كل‬ ‫لغة‬ ‫اللمنزل..فهي‬ ‫في‬ ‫وأجنت‬
‫في‬ ‫اجتهدجنا‬ ‫الجنكليزية‬ ‫اللغة‬ ‫قواعد‬ ‫من‬ ‫باقة‬ ‫لك‬ ‫جنقدم‬
.‫أبنائك‬ ‫تفيد‬ ‫أو‬ ‫تفيدك‬ ‫لعلها‬ ‫وإخراجها‬ ‫موجنتاجها‬

Sentences
‫جلمل‬ُ‫م‬ ‫ال‬ ‫أجنواع‬‫في‬
‫الكنكليزية‬ ‫اللغة‬
Simple
Sentences
Compound
Sentences
Complex
Sentences
‫بسيطة‬ ‫جلمل‬
‫مركبة‬ ‫جلمل‬
‫معقدة‬ ‫جلمل‬

Simple Sentence
‫البسيطة‬ ‫الجلملة‬
‫واحد‬ ‫فعل‬ ‫على‬ ‫تحتوي‬ ‫التي‬ ‫الجملة‬ ‫هي‬
‫فقط‬:
I saw a boy. The boy was riding a bicycle..
: ‫بسيطة‬ ‫واحدة‬ ‫جملة‬ ‫لنكون‬ ‫الجملتين‬ ‫ربط‬ ‫يمكن‬
I saw a boy riding a bicycle.

Compound Sentence
‫المركبة‬ ‫الجملة‬
‫بسيطتين‬ ‫جلملتين‬ ‫من‬ ‫تتركب‬ ‫التي‬ ‫الجلملة‬ ‫هي‬
‫صلة‬ ‫لهلما‬
‫حيث‬ ‫مستقل‬ ‫معنى‬ ‫منهلما‬ ‫ولكل‬ ‫البعض‬ ‫يبعضهلما‬
. ‫عطف‬ ‫بحرف‬ ‫ربطهلما‬ ‫يتم‬

Complex Sentences
‫المعقدة‬ ‫الجمل‬
‫واحد‬ ‫فعل‬ ‫من‬ ‫أكثر‬ ‫على‬ ‫تحتوي‬ ‫التي‬ ‫الجملة‬ ‫هي‬
:‫جملتين‬ ‫من‬ ‫مركبة‬ ‫و‬
Main Clause
‫أمسامسية‬ ‫جلملة‬
Subordinate Clause
‫ثاجنوية‬ ‫جلملة‬
Noun Clause
‫أمسلمية‬ ‫جلملة‬
Adjectival Clause
‫وصفية‬ ‫جلملة‬
Adverbial Clause
‫ظر‬ ‫جلملة‬‫ف‬‫ية‬

Clause Phrase
‫الجملة‬ ‫شبه‬ ‫و‬ ‫الجملة‬
. ‫تام‬ ‫معنى‬ ‫لها‬ ‫و‬ ‫فعل‬ ‫على‬ ‫تحتوي‬ ‫كلمات‬ ‫مجموعة‬ ‫هي‬ ‫الجملة‬
‫فع‬ ‫بدون‬ ‫الجملة‬ ‫من‬ ‫جزءا‬ ‫تكون‬ ‫كلمات‬ ‫مجموعة‬ ‫عن‬ ‫عبارة‬ ‫الجملة‬ ‫شبه‬
A clause is a combination of words containing a verb
and has a complete meaning
A phrase is a combination of words forming part of the
sentence but without a verb.
I saw the man who was carrying a stick.
I saw the man carrying a stick

‫العطف‬ ‫حروف‬
orbutand
‫المثلة‬
‫العطف‬ ‫واو‬and ‫بعضهما‬ ‫بين‬ ‫علقة‬ ‫لهما‬ ‫جملتين‬ ‫تربط‬
Ahmed did his homework. Anas helped him
: ‫واحدة‬ ‫جملة‬ ‫لنكون‬ ‫الجملتين‬ ‫ربط‬ ‫يمكن‬
Ahmed did his homework and Anas helped him.

‫لكن‬but ‫أو‬ ‫مختلفين‬ ‫شيئين‬ ‫عن‬ ‫جملتين‬ ‫تربط‬
‫متناقضين‬
Khaled is rich. He is unhappy
‫واحدة‬ ‫جملة‬ ‫لنكون‬ ‫الجملتين‬ ‫ربط‬ ‫يمكن‬
Khaled is rich but he is unhappy.

‫أو‬or ‫خيار‬ ‫فيهما‬ ‫يكون‬ ‫جملتين‬ ‫تربط‬
We can play football. We can watch TV.
‫واحدة‬ ‫جملة‬ ‫لنكون‬ ‫الجملتين‬ ‫ربط‬ ‫يمكن‬
We can play football or we can watch TV.

Verb to BE
“‫”يكون‬ ‫فعل‬

Verb to BE
“‫”يكون‬ ‫فعل‬
It is used as a principal and a helping verb
‫ومساعد‬ ‫رئيسي‬ ‫كفعل‬ ‫يستخدم‬
Subject
‫فاعل‬
I
He, She, It
We, They, You
Present
‫مضارع‬
Past
‫ماضي‬
Past participle
‫اللمفعول‬ ‫أمسم‬
are
is
am
were
was
was
been
been
been

Verb to BEVerb to BE““
”‫يكون‬ ‫فعل‬
.‫ثابتة‬ ‫حقائق‬ ‫أو‬ ‫عادات‬ ‫عن‬ ‫للتعبير‬ ‫المضارع‬ ‫صيغة‬ ‫كنستخدم‬
I am a pupil.
.‫اللماضي‬ ‫في‬ ‫واجنتهى‬ ‫حصل‬ ‫شيء‬ ‫عن‬ ‫للتعبير‬ ‫اللماضي‬ ‫صيغة‬ ‫جنستخدم‬
They are boys

Negative Sentences with the verb to BE
“ ”‫يكون‬ ‫بالفعل‬ ‫المنفية‬ ‫الجمل‬
) ‫كللمة‬ ‫بوضع‬ (‫)يكون‬ ‫فعل‬ ‫مع‬ ‫منفية‬ ‫جلمل‬ ‫جنكون‬not. ‫بعده‬ (
We make negative statements with the verb to
BE by using the word not after the verb to be.
Affirmative
‫إ‬‫ثبات‬
Negative
‫جنفي‬
I am at home
You are tall
I am not at home.
You are not tall.

Making Questions with the verb to BE
“‫”يكون‬ ‫فعل‬ ‫مع‬ ‫السؤال‬ ‫تكوين‬
“Yes” or “No” questions and short answers
: () ( )‫مختصرة‬ ‫الجابات‬ ‫و‬ ‫ل‬ ‫و‬ ‫كنعم‬ ‫ب‬ ‫المسئلة‬
“Yes” or “No” questions
‫ل‬ ‫و‬ ‫جنعم‬ ‫بـ‬ ‫إجابتها‬ ‫أمسئلة‬
Be
+Subject
‫فاعل‬
+Complement t
Are you a teacher?
Were the boys a teacher?
Short Answers
‫مختصرة‬ ‫إجابات‬
Affirmative
‫إثبات‬
Negative
‫جنفي‬
Yes+
Subject + Be
No + Subject
+Be + not
Yes, I am.
Yes, they
were.
No, I am not.
No, they
were not.

Verb to DO
‫”يعلمل‬ ‫“فعل‬

Verb to DO
‫”يعلمل‬ ‫“فعل‬
It is used as a principal and a helping verb
: ‫مساعد‬ ‫وفعل‬ ‫رئيسي‬ ‫كفعل‬ ‫يستخدم‬
Subject
‫فاعل‬
I, you, we, they
Present
‫مضارع‬
Past
‫ماضي‬
Past participle
do did done
donediddoesHe, She, It

Verb to HAVEVerb to HAVE““
”‫يملك‬ ‫فعل‬”‫يملك‬ ‫فعل‬

Verb to HAVEVerb to HAVE““
”‫يملك‬ ‫فعل‬”‫يملك‬ ‫فعل‬
It is used as a principal and a helping verb.
: ‫مساعد‬ ‫وفعل‬ ‫رئيسي‬ ‫كفعل‬ ‫يستخدم‬
Subject
‫فاعل‬
Present
‫مضارع‬
Past
‫ماضي‬
Past participle
I, you, we,
they
He, She, It has
have
had
had
had
had
.‫ثابتة‬ ‫حقائق‬ ‫أو‬ ‫عادات‬ ‫عن‬ ‫للتعبير‬ ‫اللمضارع‬ ‫صيغة‬ ‫-جنستخدم‬
.‫اللماضي‬ ‫في‬ ‫واجنتهى‬ ‫حصل‬ ‫شيء‬ ‫عن‬ ‫للتعبير‬ ‫اللماضي‬ ‫صيغة‬ ‫-جنستخدم‬

Negative Sentences with verb to HAVE
as a main verb
‫رئيسي‬ ‫كفعل‬ “‫”يلملك‬ ‫فعل‬ ‫مع‬ ‫اللمنفية‬ ‫الجلمل‬
Subject
‫فاعل‬ +do/does/did +not +have
+Complement
‫تكلملة‬
I
He
They not
not
not
have
have
have
breakfast this
morning.
A new watch.
a car.do
does
did

Making Questions with the verb to HAVE as a main verb
‫رئيسي‬ ‫كفعل‬ “‫”يلملك‬ ‫فعل‬ ‫مع‬ ‫السؤال‬ ‫تكوين‬
“Yes” or “No” questions
‫ل‬ ‫و‬ ‫جنعم‬ ‫بـ‬ ‫إجابتها‬ ‫أمسئلة‬
Do/Does/
Did
+Subject
‫فاعل‬
Do
Does
Did
you
he
they
+have
have
have
have
Complement
‫تكلملة‬
a car?
a new watch?
Breakfast
this morning?
Yes + Subject+
do/does/did
No + Subject
+do/does/did
+not
Short Answers
‫مختصرة‬ ‫إجابات‬
Affirmative
‫إثبات‬
Negative
‫جنفي‬
Yes, I do.
Yes, he does.
Yes, they did.
No, I do not.
No, he does
not
No, they did
not.

Verb to HAVE as a helping verb
‫مساعد‬ ‫كفعل‬ “ ‫”يملك‬ ‫فعل‬
Verb to have is used as a helping verb to
form the perfect tense
.‫التام‬ ‫المضارع‬ ‫زمن‬ ‫ليكون‬ ‫مساعد‬ ‫كفعل‬ ‫يملك‬ ‫فعل‬ ‫يستخدم‬
They have lived here for two years
Adel has just finished his work

Negative Sentences with verb to HAVE
as a helping verb
‫مساعد‬ ‫كفعل‬ “‫”يملك‬ ‫فعل‬ ‫مع‬ ‫المنفية‬ ‫الجمل‬
‫نضع‬ ‫يملك‬ ‫فعل‬ ‫مع‬ ‫نفي‬ ‫لتكوين‬not.‫الفعل‬ ‫هذا‬ ‫بعد‬
I have lived here for a long time
I have not lived here for a long time

Making Questions with verb to HAVE
as a helping verb
‫مساعد‬ ‫كفعل‬ “‫”يملك‬ ‫فعل‬ ‫مع‬ ‫السؤال‬ ‫تكوين‬
“Yes” or “No” questions and short answers
:‫مختصرة‬ ‫الاجابات‬ ‫و‬ ‫ل‬ ‫و‬ ‫نعم‬ ‫بـ‬ ‫الئسئلة‬
.‫الفاعل‬ ‫على‬ ‫الفعل‬ ‫هذا‬ ‫نقدم‬ ‫مساعد‬ (‫كفعل‬ ‫يملك‬ )‫فعل‬ ‫مع‬ ‫ئسؤال‬ ‫لتكوين‬
They have lived here for a long time
Have they lived here for a long time?
Yes, they have. No, they have not.

Other Uses of Verb to HAVE
‫”يملك‬ ‫فعل‬ ‫مع‬ ‫أخرى‬ ‫“ائستخدامات‬
To express necessity in the present and past
Have to, has to, had to.
. ‫والماضي‬ ‫المضارع‬ ‫في‬ ‫الضرورة‬ ‫عن‬ ‫ليعبر‬
I have to leave now.
With some model auxiliaries.
:‫مثال‬ .‫الناقصة‬ ‫الفعال‬ ‫بعض‬ ‫مع‬
You had better see a doctor.
To show that something is caused by another person.
.‫اخر‬ ‫شخص‬ ‫بوائسطة‬ ‫حصل‬ ‫ما‬ ‫ا‬ً ‫شيئ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ليبين‬
I have my shoes cleaned every week.

Nouns
‫الئسماء‬
Nouns are words we use to name
‫لذكر‬ ‫نستخدمها‬ ‫التي‬ ‫الكلمات‬ ‫هي‬ ‫الئسماء‬
‫شعور‬ ، ‫أفكار‬ ، ‫مكان‬ ، ‫شيء‬ ، ‫شخص‬ ، ‫علم‬ ، ‫ائسم‬
man/father/teacher/neighbor … people‫أشخاص‬
things book,table,sugar,fruit…………….‫أشياء‬
Places school, street, city, house, …..‫أماكن‬
ideas freedom, honesty, truth, ….‫أفكار‬
‫شعور‬ Feelings happiness, anger, boredom, joy, ….

Countable Uncountable Nouns
‫المعدودة‬ ‫غير‬ ‫و‬ ‫المعدودة‬ ‫الئسماء‬
Countable Nouns: are things that be counted as one,
two, three, and so o
:‫المعدودة‬ ‫الئسماء‬، ‫اثنان‬ ، ‫واحد‬ ‫بـ‬ ‫عدها‬ ‫يمكن‬ ‫التي‬ ‫الشياء‬ ‫هي‬
... ‫وهكذا‬ ‫ثلثة‬
Uncountable Nouns: cannot be counted.
:‫معدودة‬ ‫الغير‬ ‫الئسماء‬‫وضع‬ ‫يمكن‬ ‫ل‬ ‫أي‬ ‫عدها‬ ‫يمكن‬ ‫ل‬ ‫التي‬ ‫هي‬
. ‫قبلها‬ ‫رقم‬

Countable Nouns
‫المعدودة‬ ‫الئسماء‬
These nouns have singular and plural forms.
.‫اجمع‬ ‫و‬ ‫مفردة‬ ‫صيغ‬ ‫لها‬ ‫الئسماء‬ ‫هذه‬
Before singular countable nouns you can use a/an.
‫ائستخدام‬ ‫تستطيع‬ ‫المعدودة‬ ‫المفردة‬ ‫الئسماء‬ ‫قبل‬)a/an(
You cannot use singular countable nouns alone
without words such as: a, an, one, my, your, his, etc.
‫ل‬‫السابقة‬ ‫الكلمات‬ ‫بدون‬ ‫بمفردها‬ ‫معدودة‬ ‫مفردة‬ ‫أئسماء‬ ‫ائستخدام‬ ‫نستطيع‬ .

Spelling Rules for Plurals
‫الجمع‬ ‫إملء‬ ‫قواعد‬

Spelling Rules for Plurals
‫الجمع‬ ‫إملء‬ ‫قواعد‬
We form plurals of most nouns by
adding “s” to the singular noun.
‫بإضافة‬ ‫السماء‬ ‫معظم‬ ‫من‬ ‫الجمع‬ ‫ون‬ّ ‫نك‬
‫المفرد‬ ‫.للسم‬ “s”
Singular Plural
one book
one horse
two books
many horses

‫خاصة‬ ‫حالت‬
)‫الجمع‬ ‫عند‬1(
‫بالحروف‬ ‫تنتهي‬ ‫التي‬ ‫الئسماء‬‫لها‬ ‫نضيف‬es sh, ch, z, x,sh, ch, z, x,
ss
Singular Plural
match
bus
dish
box
matches
buses
dishes
boxes

Singular
boy
Singular
key
Plural
boys
keys
city
baby
Plural
cities
babies
‫بحرف‬ ‫تنتهي‬ ‫التي‬ ‫سماء‬y‫نضيف‬ ‫متحرك‬ ‫حرف‬ ‫وسبقه‬s‫فقط‬
‫بحرف‬ ‫تنتهي‬ ‫التي‬ ‫الئسماء‬y‫تحذف‬ ،‫ئساكن‬ ‫حرف‬ ‫وئسبقه‬y‫ونضيف‬ies

Singular
radio
Singular
zoo
Plural
radios
zoos
potato
tomato
Plural
potatoes
tomatoes
‫بحرف‬ ‫تنتهي‬ ‫التي‬ ‫سماء‬o,‫نضيف‬ ‫ساكن‬ ‫حرف‬ ‫وسبقة‬es
‫بحرف‬ ‫تنتهي‬ ‫التي‬ ‫الئسماء‬o‫متحرك,نضيف‬ ‫حرف‬ ‫وئسبقة‬s‫فقط‬

Singular
classroom
Singular
policeman
Plural
classrooms
policemen
knife
shelf
Plural
knives
shelves
‫بحرف‬ ‫تنتهي‬ ‫التي‬ ‫ماء‬f‫أو‬fe‫حرف‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫نحولها‬v‫ونضيف‬es
‫الخير‬ ‫السم‬ ‫حسب‬ ‫تجمع‬ ‫المركبة‬ ‫السماء‬

Singular
child
person
Plural
people
children
man
woman
men
women
feet
teeth
geese
mice
foot
tooth
goose
mouse
‫الشاذة‬ ‫السماء‬

Uncountable Nouns
‫المعدودة‬ ‫غير‬ ‫الئسماء‬
Uncountable nouns cannot be counted.
‫بإضافة‬ ‫لها‬ ‫اجمع‬ ‫ل‬ ‫التي‬ ‫هي‬s‫أو‬es
salt, coffee, tea, food,
meat, gold, music, blood..
‫ائستخدام‬ ‫تستطيع‬ ‫ل‬a‫أو‬an‫معدودة‬ ‫الغير‬ ‫الئسماء‬ ‫قبل‬

Uncountable Nouns
‫المعدودة‬ ‫غير‬ ‫الئسماء‬ ‫من‬ ‫مزيدا‬
flour ‫دقيق‬ salt ‫ملح‬ meat ‫لحم‬
inform
ation
‫معلومات‬ coffee ‫قهوة‬ knowle
dge
‫معرفة‬
butter ‫زبد‬ food ‫طعام‬ tea ‫شاي‬
sugar ‫ئسكر‬ gold ‫ذهب‬ blood ‫دم‬
news ‫أخبار‬ glass ‫زاجاج‬ cheese ‫اجبن‬
milk ‫حليب‬ paper ‫ورق‬ bread ‫خبز‬
rice ‫رز‬ wood ‫خشب‬ furnitu
re
‫مفروشات‬
rain ‫مطر‬ steel ‫حديد‬ grass ‫عشب‬
cloth ‫قماش‬ music ‫موئسيقى‬ marble ‫رخام‬

Uncountable Nouns Plurals
‫المعدودة‬ ‫غير‬ ‫الئسماء‬ ‫اجمع‬
.‫المفرد‬ ‫معاملة‬ ‫تعامل‬ ‫معدودة‬ ‫الغير‬ ‫الئسماء‬ ‫اجميع‬
Coffee is a traditional drink in Yemen.-
Milk has many minerals.-
‫الغير‬ ‫الئسم‬ ‫قبل‬ ‫الكمية‬ ‫على‬ ‫تدل‬ ‫كلمات‬ ‫وضعت‬ ‫لو‬ ‫لكن‬ ‫و‬
.‫الجمع‬ ‫معاملة‬ ‫يعامل‬ ‫فأنه‬ ‫معدود‬
Two cups of tea are not enough for me.
Five liters of oil do not operate this machine.

Definite Indefinite Articles
‫النكرة‬ ‫و‬ ‫التعريف‬ ‫أدوات‬

Definite Indefinite Articles
‫النكرة‬ ‫و‬ ‫التعريف‬ ‫أدوات‬
The is used as definite articles.‫للتعريف‬ ‫كأداة‬ ‫.تستخدم‬
a/an
are used as indefinite articles.
‫نكرة‬ ‫كأدوات‬ ‫.تستخدمان‬
We put “a” before a noun starting with a constant sound.
‫نضع‬aa.‫ئساكن‬ ‫بحرف‬ ‫تبدأ‬ ‫التي‬ ‫الئسماء‬ ‫قبل‬
We put “an” before a noun starting with a vowel sound.
‫نضع‬an.‫متحرك‬ ‫بحرف‬ ‫تبدأ‬ ‫التي‬ ‫الئسماء‬ ‫قبل‬

The Definite Article “The”
‫”أل‬ ‫التعريف‬ ‫“أدوات‬
A noun that is the
only one of its kind.
‫يواجد‬ ‫ل‬ ‫الذي‬ ‫الئسم‬
‫واحد‬ ‫ئسوى‬ ‫نوعه‬ ‫من‬
.‫فقط‬
The river Nile
The Ka’aba
Names of rivers
seas, oceans, etc….
‫البحار‬ ‫و‬ ‫النهار‬ ‫أئسماء‬
.‫........الخ‬
The Arabian Gulf
The Red Sea
A noun which is the
object of
a sentence.
‫يكون‬ ‫الذي‬ ‫الئسم‬
.‫لجملة‬ ‫به‬ ‫مفعول‬
Umar answered the
question
The names of
musical instruments..
.‫الموسيقية‬ ‫اللت‬ ‫أسماء‬
Can you play the
duff
The is used before: :‫قبل‬ “‫”أل‬ ‫التعريف‬ ‫أداة‬ ‫تستخدم‬
)1(

)2(
‫التعريف‬ ‫أداة‬ ‫تستخدم‬
:‫قبل‬ “‫”أل‬The is used before:
.‫البلدان‬ ‫بعض‬ ‫أئسماء‬
The United Kingdom
The U.S.A.
Names of some
countries.
With some time
expressions
With dates
‫على‬ ‫الدالة‬ ‫التعابير‬ ‫بعض‬ ‫مع‬
.‫الوقت‬
With some general
expressions.
.‫التواريخ‬ ‫مع‬
.‫العامة‬ ‫التعبيرات‬ ‫بعض‬ ‫مع‬
Listen to the radio/news.
Go to the market/desert.
On the first day of
every month
at the weekend
in the evening

Use article with the
name that is repeated.
I saw a man. The man
was young.
‫أل‬ ‫التعريف‬ ‫أداة‬ ‫نستخدم‬
‫ذكر‬ ‫الذي‬ ‫الئسم‬ ‫مع‬
.‫الثانية‬ ‫للمرة‬
‫مع‬ ‫أداة‬ ‫أي‬ ‫تستخدم‬ ‫ل‬
.‫الدرائسية‬ ‫المواد‬ ‫أئسماء‬
‫قبل‬ ‫أداة‬ ‫أي‬ ‫تستخدم‬ ‫ل‬
،‫مدرئسة‬ ‫مثل‬ ‫معينة‬ ‫أئسماء‬
....‫عمل‬ ،‫ئسرير‬ ،‫منزل‬
‫اليام‬ ‫مثل‬ ‫معينة‬ ‫أئسماء‬
. ‫الشهور‬ ‫و‬
do not like science. My
favorite subject is
mathematics.
I am going to school.
I always go to bed early.
on Monday, in June
in summer (sometimes
the summer).
before breakfast.
No article is used
names of
studies of subjects..
No article is
such words as school,
home, bed, work, etc.
No article is used before
such words such as day
and month names.
)3(

Indefinite Articles “a” “an”
‫النكرة‬ ‫أدوات‬
We put “a” before a noun starting with
a constant sound.
We put “an” before a noun starting with
a vowel sound
‫نضع‬a.‫ئساكن‬ ‫بحرف‬ ‫تبدأ‬ ‫التي‬ ‫الئسماء‬ ‫قبل‬
‫نضع‬an.‫متحرك‬ ‫بحرف‬ ‫تبدأ‬ ‫التي‬ ‫الئسماء‬ ‫قبل‬
‫المتحركة‬ ‫الحروف‬Vowels
a – e – i –o - u
)1(

)2(
Before a singular
countable noun..
‫المفردة‬ ‫الئسماء‬ ‫قبل‬
.‫المعدودة‬
a table
an egg
Saleh is a doctor
He is an engineer.
he is an English women.
Before a
particular group of
people or a nationality.
With numbers that
mean every.
He washes his
hands ten times
. (means every day).
‫أو‬ ‫الوظيفة‬ ‫قبل‬
‫الناس‬ ‫من‬ ‫معينة‬ ‫مجموعة‬
.‫الجنسية‬ ‫أو‬
“‫”كل‬ ‫تعني‬ ‫التي‬ ‫الرقام‬ ‫مع‬
We use a/an:

)3(
No article is
abstract nouns and the
names of metals.
‫المعنوية‬ ‫الئسماء‬
.‫المعادن‬ ‫أئسماء‬ ‫و‬
Love, beauty,
hatred, wood,
silver, gold
No article is used
before plural or
uncountable nouns.
We DO NOT use a/an:
‫أداة‬ ‫أي‬ ‫تستخدم‬ ‫ل‬
‫الئسماء‬ ‫أو‬ ‫الجمع‬ ‫قبل‬
.‫معدودة‬ ‫الغير‬
There are books on
the table.
Milk is good for you.

Pronouns
‫الضمائر‬

Pronouns
A pronoun replaces a noun. ‫المسم‬ ‫محل‬ ‫يحل‬ ‫الضمير‬
Subject
Pronouns
‫الفاعل‬ ‫ضمائر‬
Object
Pronouns
‫به‬ ‫المفعول‬ ‫ضمائر‬
Possessive
Adjectives
‫الملكية‬ ‫صفات‬
Possessive
Pronoun
‫الملكية‬ ‫ضمائر‬
Reflexive
Pronouns
‫العنعكاس‬ ‫ضمائر‬
you
he
hers
his
yours
herself
himself
yourself
she her
his
youryou
him
he
myselfminemymeI
))11((

Pronouns
Subject
Pronouns
‫الفاعل‬ ‫ضمائر‬
Object
Pronouns
Possessive
Adjectives
‫الملكية‬ ‫صفات‬
Possessive
Pronoun
‫الملكية‬ ‫ضمائر‬
Reflexive
Pronouns
‫العنعكاس‬ ‫ضمائر‬
it
We
you
theirs
yours
ours
its
Themselves
Your
selves
our
selves
itself
they their
your
our
its
us
it
you
them
)2(

Pronouns
)3(
We use a pronouns instead of a noun
when it is clear who or what
we are talking about.
‫مع‬ ‫علم‬ ‫على‬ ‫نكون‬ ‫عندما‬ ‫السم‬ ‫من‬ ‫بدل‬ ‫الضمير‬ ‫نستخدم‬
.‫نتحدث‬ ‫شيء‬ ‫أي‬ ‫عن‬ ‫أو‬ ‫من‬
Ali is a good student. He passes all
his tests .

Object Pronouns
We use an object pronoun
After a preposition
–After to and for with verbs like make, give, send, lend,
–pass, take, show.
Do you live near them?
Send the box directly to me
The little boy made it for her.

Reflexive Pronouns
‫العنعكامسية‬ ‫ضمائر‬
Reflexive pronouns are used: .‫ضمائرالعنعكامسية‬ ‫عنستخدم‬
for emphasize ‫للتأكيد‬
Did you do the decorations yourself
I did the painting myself.
With some special expressions
‫التعابير‬ ‫بعض‬ ‫مع‬
‫الخاصة‬
Help yourself Enjoy yourself Behave yourself.

Relative Pronouns
‫الوصل‬ ‫ضمائر‬
•The relative pronouns are used to join sentences together.
.‫ببعض‬ ‫بعضها‬ ‫الجمل‬ ‫لربط‬ ‫الوصل‬ ‫ضمائر‬ ‫تستخدم‬
:‫التية‬ ‫الخطوات‬ ‫اتبع‬ ‫الجمل‬ ‫لربط‬ ‫و‬
1.‫موقعها‬ ‫عن‬ ‫عنبحث‬ ‫ثم‬ ‫الثاعنية‬ ‫الجملة‬ ‫في‬ ‫متكررة‬ ‫كلمة‬ ‫عن‬ ‫عنبحث‬ -
‫عنستعمل‬ ‫ال‬ً ‫ن‬ ‫عاق‬ ‫ال‬ً ‫ن‬ ‫فاع‬ ‫كاعنت‬ ‫-فإذا‬who
‫عنستعمل‬ ‫عاقل‬ ‫غير‬ ‫كاعنت‬ ‫إذا‬ ‫-و‬which
‫عنستعمل‬ ‫ال‬ً ‫ن‬ ‫عاق‬ ‫به‬ ‫ل‬ً ‫ن‬ ‫مفعو‬ ‫كاعنت‬ ‫وإذا‬ -whom‫وعنعرف‬
. ‫الفعل‬ ‫بعد‬ ‫الكلمة‬ ‫بوجود‬ ‫ذلك‬
)1(

‫-اما‬that‫عنفضل‬ ‫ل‬ ‫أعننا‬ ‫إل‬ ‫السابقة‬ ‫الكلمات‬ ‫من‬ ‫كلمة‬ ‫أي‬ ‫بدل‬ ‫فتستخدم‬
.‫الجمل‬ ‫جميع‬ ‫في‬ ‫امستعمالها‬
‫كلمة‬ ‫عنستعمل‬ ‫للملكية‬ ‫كاعنت‬ ‫إذا‬ ‫-و‬whose
2‫الذي‬ ‫المسم‬ ‫وضع‬ ‫الثاعنية‬ ‫الجملة‬ ‫من‬ ‫المتكررة‬ ‫الكلمة‬ ‫احذف‬ -
.‫الولى‬ ‫الجملة‬ ‫في‬ ‫مثله‬ ‫حذفت‬

)2( Who‫التي‬ ،‫الذي‬][‫العاقل‬ ‫للفاعل‬
‫تستخدم‬who‫الفاعل‬ ‫عنعرف‬ ‫ا‬ً ‫ن‬‫طبع‬ ‫و‬ ‫العاقل‬ ‫الفاعل‬ ‫محل‬ ‫لتحل‬
.‫الجملة‬ ‫أول‬ ‫بوجوده‬
Here is the man. The man is a doctor.
‫كلمة‬ ‫عنحذف‬the man‫منها‬ ‫ل‬ً ‫ن‬ ‫بد‬ ‫عنضع‬ ‫و‬ ‫الثاعنية‬ ‫الجملة‬ ‫من‬who
:‫فتصبح‬ ‫الولى‬ ‫الجملة‬ ‫في‬ ‫مثلها‬ ‫حذفنا‬ ‫التي‬ ‫الكلمة‬ ‫بعد‬ ‫الثاعنية‬ ‫الجملة‬ ‫عنضع‬ ‫ثم‬
Here is the man who is a doctor.
My friend swims well. He lives here.
My friend who lives here swims well.
Ex;

)3(
‫العاقل‬ ‫به‬ ‫]المفعول‬ ‫التي‬ ،‫]الذي‬
Whom
‫تستعمل‬whom‫به‬ ‫المفعول‬ ‫عنعرف‬ ‫ا‬ً ‫ن‬‫ع‬‫طب‬ ‫و‬ ‫العاقل‬ ‫به‬ ‫المفعول‬ ‫محل‬ ‫لتحل‬
‫الفعل‬ ‫بعد‬ ‫بوجوده‬..
The man came here. I visited him.
‫كلمة‬ ‫عنحذف‬him‫عنضع‬ ‫ثم‬ ‫الثاعنية‬ ‫الجملة‬ ‫من‬whom،‫الثاعنية‬ ‫الجملة‬ ‫أول‬
‫مثلها‬ ‫حذفنا‬ ‫التي‬ ‫الكلمة‬ ‫بعد‬ ‫الثاعنية‬ ‫الجملة‬ ‫و‬ ‫الموصول‬ ‫المسم‬ ‫وعنضع‬
‫فتصبح‬ (‫الضمير‬ ‫إليها‬ ‫يعود‬ ‫)التي‬::
ExEx;;
The man whom I visited came here.
:‫أمثلة‬:‫أمثلة‬

The man whom I paid was working with me.
This is the girl whom you gave a flower.
The man was working with me. I paid him.
This is the girl. You gave her a flower.

)4( Which
[‫به‬ ‫المفعول‬ ‫أو‬ ‫الفاعل‬ ‫]للجماد‬ ‫التي‬ ،‫الذي‬
‫تستعمل‬which
‫الفاعل‬ ‫عنعرف‬ ‫ا‬ً ‫ن‬‫ع‬‫طب‬ ‫و‬ ‫عاقل‬ ‫الغير‬ ‫المفعول‬ ‫أو‬ ‫الفاعل‬ ‫محل‬ ‫لتحل‬
:‫التالي‬ ‫المثال‬ ‫لحظ‬ .‫الفعل‬ ‫بعد‬ ‫فيوجد‬ ‫به‬ ‫المفعول‬ ‫أما‬ ‫الجملة‬ ‫أول‬ ‫وجوده‬
He found his book. He lost it yesterday.
‫كلمة‬ ‫أن‬ ‫عنرى‬it‫كلمة‬ ‫على‬ ‫تعود‬his book‫عنضع‬ ‫و‬ ‫فنحذفها‬
‫منها‬ ‫ل‬ً ‫ن‬ ‫بد‬which‫الموصول‬ ‫المسم‬ ‫عنضع‬ ‫ثم‬ ‫الثاعنية‬ ‫الجملة‬ ‫أول‬ ‫في‬
. (‫الضمير‬ ‫إليها‬ ‫يعود‬ ‫)التي‬ ‫مثلها‬ ‫حذفنا‬ ‫التي‬ ‫الكلمة‬ ‫بعد‬ ‫الثاعنية‬ ‫الجملة‬ ‫و‬
He found his book which he lost yesterday.
This is the house. I live in it.. This is the house which I live in

)5( That
‫التي‬ ،‫الذي‬[ ]‫به‬ ‫المفعول‬ ‫أو‬ ‫الفاعل‬ ‫العاقل‬ ‫غير‬ ‫و‬ ‫للعاقل‬
‫تستعمل‬that‫عاقل‬ ‫غير‬ ‫و‬ ‫العاقل‬ ‫به‬ ‫المفعول‬ ‫أو‬ ‫الفاعل‬ ‫محل‬ ‫لتحل‬
‫أي‬‫محل‬ ‫تحل‬‫أي‬:‫التالية‬ ‫المثلة‬ ‫لحظ‬ .‫شرحها‬ ‫مسبق‬ ‫أداة‬
This is the boy. You met her.
This is the boy that (whom) you met.
I have a bird. It sings.
I have a bird that (which) sings.

)6( Whose
‫تستعمل‬whose‫للملكية‬
This is the man. His car hit the boy.
This is the man whose his car hit the boy.
‫كلمة‬ ‫أن‬ ‫عنجد‬ ‫هنا‬car‫ل‬ ‫مملوكة‬the man‫فنحذف‬
‫الموصول‬ ‫المسم‬ ‫منه‬ ‫ل‬ً ‫ن‬ ‫بد‬ ‫عنضع‬ ‫و‬ ‫الملكية‬ ‫ضمير‬whose
‫كلمة‬ ‫بدلها‬ ‫عنضع‬ ‫ثم‬car..

TENSES
‫الزمنة‬

Present Simple Tense
‫البسيط‬ ‫المضارع‬
.‫الحقائق‬ ‫و‬ ‫القدرات‬ ‫و‬ ‫التقاليد‬ ‫و‬ ‫العادات‬ ‫عن‬ ‫للتعبير‬ ‫الزمن‬ ‫هذا‬ ‫يستخدم‬
.‫المجرد‬ ‫الفعل‬ ‫أي‬ ‫للفعل‬ ‫الول‬ ‫التصريف‬ ‫من‬ ‫الزمن‬ ‫هذا‬ ‫يتكون‬
‫مثل‬ ‫كلمات‬ ‫مع‬ ‫عادة‬ ‫الزمن‬ ‫هذا‬ ‫يأتي‬
every‫كل‬ always‫ا‬ً ‫ن‬‫م‬‫دائ‬ usually‫عادة‬
generally‫ما‬ً ‫ن‬ ‫عمو‬ often‫ا‬ً ‫ن‬‫ب‬‫غال‬ sometimes‫ا‬ً ‫ن‬‫عن‬‫أحيا‬
rarely‫عنادرا‬ never‫ا‬ً ‫ن‬‫د‬‫أب‬ from time to
time‫لرخر‬ ‫حين‬ ‫من‬
11

‫أمثلة‬
I go to school everyday.
They usually sleep at 11.00 p.m.
We often drink coffee in the morning.
Ali drinks milk every morning.
A cow gives us milk.
‫عنضيف‬ ‫غائب‬ ‫مفرد‬ ‫الفاعل‬ ‫كان‬ ‫إذا‬ :‫مالحظة‬s.‫للفعل‬ ‫زيادة‬

Past Simple
Tense
‫البسيط‬ ‫الماضي‬
.‫الماضي‬ ‫في‬ ‫وقع‬ ‫حدث‬ ‫عن‬ ‫للتعبير‬ ‫الزمن‬ ‫هذا‬ ‫يستخدم‬
‫إضافة‬ ‫أي‬ ‫للفعل‬ ‫الثاعني‬ ‫التصريف‬ ‫من‬ ‫الزمن‬ ‫هذا‬ ‫يتكون‬ed‫مع‬
.‫الشاذة‬ ‫الفعال‬ ‫مالحظة‬
:‫مثل‬ ‫كلمات‬ ‫مع‬ ‫عادة‬ ‫الزمن‬ ‫هذا‬ ‫يأتي‬
yesterday
‫أمس‬
last‫الماضي‬ ago‫مضى‬
in 1988 AD, in 1415 AH:‫في‬ ‫تاريخ‬ ‫أي‬ ‫أو‬
‫مثل‬ ‫الماضي‬
22

‫أمثلة‬
I watched television last night.
They visited their uncle yesterday.
We went to Makkah two months often.
‫تذكر‬
I, He, She, itwas
They, We, Youwere

Future Simple Tense
‫البسيط‬ ‫المستقبل‬
‫المستقبل‬ ‫في‬ ‫حدوثه‬ ‫متوقع‬ ‫حدث‬ ‫عن‬ ‫للتعبير‬ ‫الزمن‬ ‫هذا‬ ‫تخدم‬
‫من‬ ‫الزمن‬ ‫هذا‬ ‫يتكون‬will‫او‬shall.‫للفعل‬ ‫الول‬ ‫التصريف‬ ‫ثم‬
‫تأتي‬shall‫المتكلم‬ ‫ضمير‬ ‫مع‬I‫و‬We‫اما‬Will‫الضمائر‬ ‫باقي‬ ‫مع‬ ‫فتأتي‬..
‫ولكن‬shall‫كلمة‬ ‫حلت‬ ‫وقد‬ ‫الحديثة‬ ‫العنجليزية‬ ‫في‬ ‫امستخدامها‬ ‫يندر‬will
‫الضمائر‬ ‫جميع‬ ‫مع‬ ‫بدلها‬
33

:‫مثل‬ ‫كلمات‬ ‫مع‬ ‫عادة‬ ‫الزمن‬ ‫هذا‬ ‫يأتي‬
tomorrow
‫ا‬ً ‫ن‬‫د‬‫غ‬
next‫القادم‬ in the future‫في‬‫المستقبل‬
in 2010 AD, in 1425 AH:
‫المستقبل‬ ‫في‬ ‫تاريخ‬ ‫أي‬ ‫أو‬

‫أمثلة‬‫أمثلة‬
I will go to school tomorrow.
They will play foot ball next Friday
He will join the army in the future.
:‫بامستخدام‬ ‫البسيط‬ ‫للمستقبل‬ ‫أرخر‬ ‫تكوين‬ ‫هناك‬
am , is , are going to

Present Continuous Tense
‫المستمر‬ ‫المضارع‬
. ‫فقط‬ ‫الن‬ ‫يقع‬ ‫حدث‬ ‫عن‬ ‫للتعبير‬ ‫الزمن‬ ‫هذا‬ ‫يستخدم‬
‫من‬ ‫الزمن‬ ‫هذا‬ ‫يتكون‬:ing++ ‫فعل‬am / is / are
I am + verb + ing
He, she, it is + verb + ing
They, we, you are + verb + ing
44

now
‫الن‬
at the moment‫هذه‬ ‫في‬
‫اللحظة‬
look
‫ا‬‫عنظر‬
listen‫امستمع‬at the present time
‫الوقت‬ ‫في‬
‫الحاضر‬
: ‫مثل‬ ‫كلمات‬ ‫مع‬ ‫عادة‬ ‫الزمن‬ ‫هذا‬ ‫يأتي‬
:‫أمثلة‬
I am reading a story at the moment.
They are watching television now.
Look! the bus is coming.

‫الماض‬ ‫أو‬ ‫المستمر‬ ‫المضارع‬ ‫مسواء‬ ‫المستمرار‬ ‫في‬ ‫تقع‬ ‫أن‬ ‫يمكن‬ ‫ل‬ ‫الفعال‬ ‫بعض‬
: ‫الفعال‬ ‫هذه‬ ‫ومن‬ ‫والحساس‬ ‫والذى‬ ‫الشعور‬ ‫عن‬ ‫تعبر‬ ‫الفعال‬ ‫وهذه‬ ‫المستمر‬
like‫يحب‬ love‫يحب‬ want‫يريد‬ prefer‫يفضل‬
wish‫يتمنى‬ hate‫يكره‬ dislike‫يكره‬ feel‫يشعر‬
hope‫يأمل‬ hear‫يسمع‬ think‫يعتقد‬ seem‫يبدو‬
appear‫يظهر‬ fear‫يخشى‬ consider‫يعتبر‬ fit‫ينامسب‬
believe‫يصدق‬ trust‫يثق‬ understand‫يفهم‬

Past Continuous
Tense‫الماضي‬
‫المستمر‬
. ‫أرخر‬ ‫فعل‬ ‫وقوع‬ ‫أثناء‬ ‫الماضي‬ ‫في‬ ‫وقع‬ ‫فعل‬ ‫عن‬ ‫للتعبير‬ ‫الزمن‬ ‫هذا‬ ‫يستخدم‬
:‫من‬ ‫الزمن‬ ‫هذا‬ ‫يتكون‬ing‫+فعل‬was / were+
when‫عندما‬ while‫بينما‬ as‫أن‬ ‫حيث‬ because‫لن‬
‫البسيط‬ ‫الماضي‬ ‫زمن‬ ‫معه‬ ‫يأتي‬ ‫ما‬ ‫عادة‬ ‫الزمن‬ ‫هذا‬
.‫حدوثه‬ ‫أثناء‬ ‫وقع‬ ‫الذي‬ ‫أي‬ ‫المستمر‬ ‫الماضي‬ ‫تخلل‬ ‫الذي‬ ‫و‬
55

‫أمثلــــــــــــــــــــــة‬
While I was sleeping , a thief entered my room.
‫الجملة‬ ‫هذه‬ (‫غرفتي‬ ‫لص‬ ‫درخل‬ ، ‫ا‬ً ‫ن‬‫عنائم‬ ‫كنت‬ ‫)بينما‬
‫النوم‬ ‫وهو‬ ‫مستمر‬ ‫ماضي‬ ‫أحدهما‬ ‫حدثين‬ ‫على‬ ‫تحتوي‬
. ‫النوم‬ ‫أثناء‬ ‫حصل‬ ‫الذي‬ ‫الغرفة‬ ‫اللص‬ ‫درخول‬ ‫والرخر‬
‫مستمر‬ ‫ماضي‬ ‫بسيط‬ ‫ماضي‬
When we were eating , my father came .
‫بسيط‬ ‫ماضي‬‫مستمر‬ ‫ماضي‬
‫الجم‬ ‫هذه‬ (‫والدي‬ ‫جاء‬ ، ‫عنأكل‬ ‫كنا‬ ‫بينما‬ )
‫الكل‬ ‫وهو‬ ‫مستمر‬ ‫ماضي‬ ‫أحدهما‬ ‫حدثين‬ ‫على‬ ‫تحتوي‬
‫الكل‬ ‫أثناء‬ ‫حصل‬ ‫الذي‬ ‫والدي‬ ‫مجيء‬ ‫والرخر‬

‫دون‬ ‫الجملة‬ ‫ومسط‬ ‫الربط‬ ‫أداة‬ ‫وضع‬ ‫يمكن‬ :‫مالحظة‬
: ‫يلي‬ ‫كما‬ ‫السابقة‬ ‫الجملتان‬ ‫فتصبح‬ ‫المعنى‬ ‫يتغير‬ ‫أن‬
A thief entered my room while I was sleeping .
My father came when we were eating .
.ً ‫ن‬ ‫عنائما‬ ‫كنت‬ ‫بينما‬ ‫غرفتي‬ ‫لص‬ ‫درخل‬
. ‫عنأكل‬ ‫كنا‬ ‫بينما‬ ‫والدي‬ ‫جاء‬
‫بسيط‬ ‫ماضي‬ ‫مستمر‬ ‫ماضي‬
‫بسيط‬ ‫ماضي‬ ‫مستمر‬ ‫ماضي‬

‫بكلمة‬ ‫الجملة‬ ‫بدأت‬ ‫إذا‬ ‫الفاصلة‬ ‫تكتب‬while‫إذا‬ ‫وتحذف‬
. ‫الولى‬ ‫الجملة‬ ‫منتصف‬ ‫في‬ ‫وقعت‬
‫قاعدة‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ا‬ً ‫دائم‬ ‫تذكر‬while‫مستمر‬ ‫طويل‬ ‫الول‬ ‫فعلن‬ ‫بها‬
.‫بسيط‬ ‫ماضي‬ ‫وهو‬ ‫مفاجئ‬ ‫الرخر‬ ‫و‬

Future Continuous Tense
‫المستمر‬ ‫المستقبل‬
‫متوقع‬ ‫شيء‬ ‫عن‬ ‫للتعبير‬ ‫الزمن‬ ‫هذا‬ ‫يستخدم‬
. ‫لفترة‬ ‫ويستمر‬ ‫المستقبل‬ ‫في‬ ‫حدوثه‬
: ‫من‬ ‫الزمن‬ ‫هذا‬ ‫يتكون‬ing(+‫فعل‬+)will + be
at‫للزمن‬ ‫عند‬ by‫بحلول‬ in‫غضون‬ ‫في‬
from…to‫من..إلى‬ all‫،جميع‬ ‫كل‬ after‫بعد‬
66

‫أمثلــــــــــــــــــــــة‬
By 7.30 tomorrow, I will be flying to Cairo.
They will be waiting for you at 10 o'clock.

Present Perfect Tense
‫التام‬ ‫المضارع‬
‫انتهى‬ ‫و‬ ‫الماضي‬ ‫في‬ ‫حصل‬ ‫حدث‬ ‫عن‬ ‫للتعبير‬ ‫الزمن‬ ‫هذا‬ ‫يستخدم‬
.‫الن‬ ‫حتى‬ ‫موجودة‬ ‫آثاره‬ ‫لازالت‬ ‫و‬ ‫الماضي‬ ‫في‬ ‫انتهى‬ ‫أو‬ ‫لحظات‬ ‫قبل‬
: ‫من‬ ‫الزمن‬ ‫هذا‬ ‫كون‬+ ‫للفعل‬ ‫الثالث‬ ‫التصريف‬have/has
Since‫منذ‬ For‫لمدة‬ Just‫التو‬ ‫في‬
Yet‫الن‬ ‫حتى‬ Ever‫البد‬ ‫في‬ Never‫ا‬ً ‫أبد‬
recently‫ا‬ً ‫حديث‬ Already‫ا‬ً ‫تمام‬
77

:‫أمثلة‬
I have lived in Riyadh for six years.
I have not visited him since 1995.
Ahmed has already finished his homework
She has written three letters just now.

Since For
SinceSince
ForFor
means “from some definite point or
period n the past up to now
” ‫كلمة‬ ‫تعني‬‫منذ‬‫في‬ ‫محددة‬ ‫فترة‬ ‫أو‬ ‫نقطة‬ ‫من‬ ‫ا‬ً ‫اعتبار‬ “
‫الن‬ ‫حتى‬ ‫او‬ ‫الماضي‬ .
means “a definite period of time”
” ‫كلمة‬ ‫تعني‬‫لمدة‬.‫ازمنية‬ ‫فترة‬ ‫على‬ “

For‫لمدة‬
a moment
3minutes
an hour
many hours
3days/ 5 weeks / 4 months
a year
10years
a century
since‫منذ‬
2o’clock
Monday
yesterday
last night
last week/ last month/
last year
1996
last century
he came…………
‫استخدام‬::Since For

Past Perfect Tense
‫التام‬ ‫الماضي‬
‫انتهى‬ ‫و‬ ‫حصل‬ ‫حدث‬ ‫عن‬ ‫للتعبير‬ ‫الزمن‬ ‫هذا‬ ‫يستخدم‬
.‫الماضي‬ ‫زمن‬ ‫في‬ ‫ما‬ ‫لحظة‬ ‫في‬
:‫من‬ ‫الزمن‬ ‫هذا‬ ‫يتكون‬+‫للفعل‬ ‫الثالث‬ ‫التصريف‬had
After‫منذ‬ Before‫لمدة‬
Which‫الن‬ ‫حتى‬ as soon as‫في‬
‫البد‬
88

:‫أمثلة‬
I had washed before I prayed.
They went home after they had finished their work.
Ahmed had eaten the cake which he bought.
As soon as they had bought a car, they
drove to Makkah.
‫الماضي‬ ‫ازمن‬ ‫معه‬ ‫يأتي‬ ‫ما‬ ‫ا‬ً ‫غالب‬ ‫الزمن‬ ‫هذا‬ ‫أن‬ ‫لحظ‬
‫حدث‬ ‫الذي‬ ‫البسيط‬‫بعد‬‫التام‬ ‫الماضي‬ ‫انتهاء‬ .

Future Perfect Tense
‫التام‬ ‫المستقبل‬
‫حدوثه‬ ‫متوقع‬ ‫حدث‬ ‫عن‬ ‫للتعبير‬ ‫الزمن‬ ‫هذا‬ ‫يستخدم‬
.‫المستقبل‬ ‫في‬ ‫ما‬ ‫ازمن‬ ‫في‬ ‫انتهاؤه‬ ‫و‬
:‫من‬ ‫الزمن‬ ‫هذا‬ ‫يتكون‬+‫للفعل‬ ‫الثالث‬ ‫التصريف‬will + have
by‫بحلول‬ At‫عند‬
99

:‫أمثلة‬
By 2.00 this afternoon, I will have finished my
work.
At 10.00 tonight, she will have written five letters.

Present Perfect Continuous Tense
‫التام‬ ‫المضارع‬‫المستمر‬
‫منه‬ ‫جزء‬ ‫وقع‬ ‫حدث‬ ‫عن‬ ‫للتعبير‬ ‫الزمن‬ ‫هذا‬ ‫يستخدم‬
.‫الن‬ ‫حتى‬ ‫مستمر‬ ‫لكنه‬ ‫و‬ ‫الماضي‬ ‫في‬ ‫تم‬ ‫و‬
:‫من‬ ‫الزمن‬ ‫هذا‬ ‫يتكون‬ing‫+فعل‬has / have + been+
for‫ةدملمدة‬ since‫ذنمنذ‬
1010

:‫أمثلة‬
I have been studying English
for six years.
She has been sleepinghas been sleeping
since 2 o’clock..

‫التام‬ ‫المضارع‬ ‫و‬ ‫المستمر‬ ‫التام‬ ‫المضارع‬ ‫بين‬ ‫نفرق‬ ‫لكي‬Present Perfect
:‫التالية‬ ‫المثلة‬ ‫لحظ‬
Maha started making cakes three hours ago.
There are now one hundred cakes on the table.
:‫ون‬ّ‫ن‬ ‫نك‬ ‫الجملتين‬ ‫هذه‬ ‫من‬
Present Perfect Continuous Tense‫التام‬ ‫المضارع‬‫المستمر‬
She has been making cakes for three hours.
She has made 100 cakes.
Present Perfect Tense.‫التام‬ ‫المضارع‬

Active Passive
‫للمجهول‬ ‫المبني‬ ‫و‬ ‫للمعلوم‬ ‫المبني‬

Active Passive
‫للمجهول‬ ‫المبني‬ ‫و‬ ‫للمعلوم‬ ‫المبني‬
.‫ا‬ً ‫معلوم‬ ‫فاعلها‬ ‫يكون‬ ‫التي‬ ‫الجملة‬ ‫هو‬ ‫للمعلوم‬ ‫بالمبني‬ ‫يقصد‬
‫فاعلها‬ ‫يكون‬ ‫التي‬ ‫الجملة‬ ‫هو‬ ‫للمجهول‬ ‫بالمبني‬ ‫يقصد‬
.‫الهمية‬ ‫قليل‬ ‫أو‬ ‫معلوم‬ ‫غير‬
:‫أنواعهم‬
Statements
‫الخبرية‬ ‫الجمل‬
Questions
‫السئلـــــــــــة‬
Command
‫المر‬

Statements
‫الخبرية‬ ‫الجمل‬
Ahmed broke the window yesterday.
‫للمعلوم‬ ‫مبني‬ ‫الجملة‬ ‫هذه‬Active‫الفاعل‬ ‫لن‬ ‫وذلك‬
‫وهو‬ ‫معلوم‬ ‫فيها‬Ahmed
The window was broken yesterday.
The window was broken (by Ahmed) yesterday.
‫للمجهول‬ ‫مبني‬ ‫الجملة‬ ‫هذه‬Passive‫معلوم‬ ‫غير‬ ‫فيها‬ ‫الفاعل‬ ‫لن‬ ‫وذلك‬
‫للمجهول‬ ‫مبني‬ ‫الجملة‬ ‫هذه‬Passive‫مكان‬ ‫وضع‬ ‫الفاعل‬ ‫لن‬
:‫ب‬ ‫مسبوقا‬ ‫به‬ ‫المفعول‬by
)1(

‫للمعلوم‬ ‫المبني‬ ‫من‬ ‫للتحويل‬Active‫للمجهول‬ ‫المبني‬ ‫الى‬
Passive‫التالية‬ ‫الخطوات‬ ‫نتبع‬ ‫الخبرية‬ ‫الجمل‬ ‫حالة‬ ‫:في‬
) .‫مب‬ ‫الفعل‬ ‫بعد‬ ‫بوجوده‬ ‫به‬ ‫المفعول‬ ‫يعرف‬ ‫ل‬ً ‫فاع‬ ‫يصبح‬ ‫به‬ ‫ول‬
‫فعل‬ ‫نضع‬to be. ‫به‬ ‫للمفعول‬ ‫مناسبا‬ ‫الجملة‬ ‫ازمن‬ ‫نفس‬ ‫في‬
.‫الثالث‬ ‫التصريف‬ ‫في‬ ‫الصلي‬ ‫الفعل‬ ‫ضع‬
‫بــ‬ ‫ا‬ً ‫مسبوق‬ ‫الفاعل‬ ‫نضع‬by.‫ا‬ً ‫ضمير‬ ‫كان‬ ‫إذا‬ ‫يشطب‬ ‫وقد‬
.‫تغيير‬ ‫دون‬ ‫الجملة‬ ‫نهاية‬ ‫في‬ ‫هو‬ ‫كما‬ ‫يوضع‬ ‫الجملة‬ ‫في‬ ‫ازيادة‬ ‫أي‬
)2(

Active‫للمعلوم‬ ‫مبني‬ Passive‫للمجهول‬ ‫مبني‬
Ali writes letters. Letters are written (by Ali).
Huda wrote the lesson.
Saleh will buy a car.
Khaled is helping Ahmed.
She has eaten the apple.
The lesson was written
(by Huda)
A car will be bought
(by Saleh)
Ahmed is being helped
(by Ali)
The apple has been eaten
(by her)
‫أمثلة‬)3(

‫فعل‬ ‫يصرف‬to be:‫يلي‬ ‫كما‬ ‫المختلفة‬ ‫الازمنة‬ ‫مع‬
am, is, are ‫البسيط‬ ‫المضارع‬
was, were ‫البسيط‬ ‫الماضي‬
shall be, will be ‫البسيط‬ ‫المستقبل‬
am being, is being, are being ‫المستمر‬ ‫المضارع‬
was being, were being ‫المستمر‬ ‫الماضي‬
has been, have been ‫التام‬ ‫المضارع‬
had been ‫التام‬ ‫الماضي‬
can be, could be, may be, might be,
must be, ought to be
‫مساعد‬ ‫فعل‬ ‫كل‬
)4(

Questions
‫السئلة‬
Passive‫التالية‬ ‫الخطوات‬ ‫نتبع‬ ‫السئلة‬ ‫حالة‬ ‫:في‬
) .‫مب‬ ‫الفعل‬ ‫بعد‬ ‫بوجوده‬ ‫به‬ ‫المفعول‬ ‫يعرف‬ ‫ل‬ً ‫فاع‬ ‫يصبح‬ ‫به‬ ‫ل‬
‫فعل‬ ‫نضع‬to be. ‫به‬ ‫للمفعول‬ ‫مناسبا‬ ‫الجملة‬ ‫ازمن‬ ‫نفس‬ ‫في‬
‫بــ‬ ‫ا‬ً ‫مسبوق‬ ‫الفاعل‬ ‫نضع‬by.‫ا‬ً ‫ضمير‬ ‫كان‬ ‫إذا‬ ‫يشطب‬ ‫وقد‬
.‫تغيير‬ ‫دون‬ ‫الجملة‬ ‫نهاية‬ ‫في‬ ‫هو‬ ‫كما‬ ‫يوضع‬ ‫الجملة‬ ‫في‬ ‫ازيادة‬ ‫أي‬
)1(

‫أمثلة‬
Does Ahmed write letters?Does Ahmed write letters?
Are Letters written
(by Ali)?
Did he eat the cake?.Did he eat the cake?.
Will Ali buy a new car?
Why is he using a pen?
Who broke the window?
Was the cake
(by him)?
Will a new car be bought
)by Ali)?
Ahmed is being helped
(by Ali)
By whom the window
was broken
))22((

Command
‫المر‬
Passive‫التالية‬ ‫الخطوات‬ ‫نتبع‬ ‫المر‬ ‫حالة‬ ‫:في‬
‫كلمة‬ ‫ضع‬let.‫الجملة‬ ‫أول‬ ‫في‬
(‫مباشرة‬ ‫الفعل‬ ‫بعد‬ ‫بوجوده‬ ‫به‬ ‫المفعول‬ ‫)يعرف‬ .‫ل‬ً ‫فاع‬ ‫يصبح‬ ‫به‬ ‫المفعول‬
‫فعل‬ ‫ضع‬to be‫فيكون‬ ‫المر‬ ‫أي‬ ‫الزمن‬ ‫نفس‬ ‫في‬be
)1(

Let the lesson be written.Write the lesson.Write the lesson.
Passive‫للمجهول‬ ‫مبني‬Active‫للمعلوم‬ ‫مبني‬
Let the door be opened.
Let this letter be sent to
your friend.
Open the door.Open the door.
Send this letter to
friend.
))22(( ‫أمثلة‬

‫ملحظة‬
‫سؤال‬ ‫أو‬ ‫منفية‬ ‫للمجهول‬ ‫المبني‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫تحويلها‬ ‫المراد‬ ‫الجملة‬ ‫تكون‬ ‫قد‬
‫التذييل‬ ‫أو‬ ‫السؤال‬ ‫هذا‬ ‫صيغة‬ ‫على‬ ‫المحافظة‬ ‫يجب‬ ‫لذا‬ ‫ل‬ً ‫مذي‬
.‫للمجهول‬ ‫المبني‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫التحويل‬ ‫عند‬
‫أمثلة‬‫أمثلة‬
Ali does not write letters Letters are not written (by
Ali).
Dickens wrote those
novels, didn’t he?
Those novels were written
by Dickens, weren’t they?
Dickens didn’t write that
play, did he?
That play wasn’t written by
Dickens, was it?

Best wishes.
Hassan Salem Saeed Aldebany.
)2009/2010(‫م‬

مباد يء تعلم الإنجليزية

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

What's hot

What's hot (20)

Similar to مباد يء تعلم الإنجليزية

Similar to مباد يء تعلم الإنجليزية (20)

More from Hassan Al-debany

More from Hassan Al-debany (6)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

مباد يء تعلم الإنجليزية