Cseb (chhattisgarh state electricity board) korba east vocational training presentation

1. DR. C.V. RAMAN
UNIVERSITY
KARGI ROAD KOTA
PRESENTATION ON VOCATIONAL TRAINING
H.O.D.
DHARMENDRA SINGH
TRAINING PLACE – C.S.P.G.C.L. KORBA
EAST
SUBMITTED BY
AASTHA KIRTI
DIPTY SAHU
SHARDA SINGH
NIKITA DAS

2. CONTENT
1. INTRODUCTION
2. Parts of fuel & air circuit
3. Resources of power plant
4. Coal handling plant, Classification Of coal
5. Process
6. AIR
7. Equipments used for power generation
8. TURBINE
9. switchyard
10. Generator and alternator
11. Auxilaries of turbine-
12. Pumps
13. Interlocking of the turbine-
14. CONDENSER
15. Heaters
16. Dearators
17. Boiler And Auxilaries-
18. Economisers
19. Transformer

3. INTRODUCTION :-
 The CSEB power plant was established in 1966 with the
help of VSSR.
 This is the very first power plant of Chattisgarh.
 CSEB(EAST) is a coal based power plant which
has 6 units.
 1. 4 units of 50 mw
 2. 2 units of 120 mw
 The 4 units of 50 mw turbine are based on
Russian technology.
 The 2 units of 120 mw turbine are manufactured
by BHEL.
 Total installed capacity is 440 mw.

4. PARTS OF FUEL & AIR
CIRCUIT-
 Fuel & Ash circuit - coal is delievered from the supply
point to the storage site by the road rail or water force from the
coal handling plant. The coal having been good enough to be
burnt into boilers is taken by bucket convayers. The coal is
stored into bunkers, from where it falls into hoopers by the help
of Gravity and the required quantity of coal spread in crate is
collected in a nine and is again refined by a cinder-refining fan.
The amount of ash resulting after the complete combustion of
fuel collects at the back of boilor & is moved to the ash storage.
 Air And Fuel gas circuit:-
Air is Drawn from the Atmosphere by the Draught Fan or
induced draught fan through the air preheats, in which the air
is heated by the heat of gases passimg through the chimney &
then admitted by furnace. The fuel gas after passing through
the boiler tubes or superheater tubes is drawn by Induced
draught fan through the dust collector or the precipitator
economiser and air pri-heater and finally exhausted to the
atmosphere through the chimney.

5. - Feed water and Steam chimney:-
The steam coming out of the turbine is condensed and the
condensate extraction pump is forced to the low pressure feed water
heaters where temprature rises by the heat of steam. The FEED water is
now pumped through the dearator to the high pressure feed water
heaters where it gets heated. The function of dearator is to reduse
dissolve oxygen content in the condensate. The feed water than
pumped into boilor through economiser In which furthur heated by the
heat of fuel-gas passing it on the way to chimney. In Boilor water is
converted into high pressure steam, which is wet.Wet steam is passed
through superheaters where it is dried and furthur superheated than
supplied to the steam turbine through the main volve. After giving its
energy to the turbine it is exhausted to the condenser where its latent
heat is extracted and steam is converted into feed.

6. -
 Cooling water circuits :- Cooling water is supplied
from a natural
source such as rivers and lakes is circuited through the
condenser
for condensing the steam and finally dischared to a place
near the
source supply the circuitation of the cooling water to the
condenser in maintaing a low pressure in the condenser.
 Neccesery requirements for power generation in plant:-
 1. Water
 2. Coal
 3. Air

7. RESOURCES OF POWER PLANT
 Water- In a powerplant, the following types of water can be used for
power generation,
 1. Raw water
 2. Drinking water
 3.Deminaralised water
 4. Makeup water
 a. To make up the furnace oil
 b.make up loss due to lickage
 c. In dearator
 d. Makeup water is maintained with Dm water so it remains in tpge
plant.
 Coal :- Here given is the mode of transport.
 1. By road
 2. By rail
 3. By ropeway
 4. By convayer belt
 5. By sea
 The above 4 ways are used in CSEB Korba for the transmission.

8. COAL HANDLING PLANT:-
 1. Stress the coal
 2.Break big pieces of coals into smaller pieces.
 3. Hooper is devided in 3 rack. Each rack contains
500 tones and in railway 13 tones.
 4.coal size- 10x10x10 inch. Crusher capacity and
removing rock impurities manually and the
impurity of iron particles is removed by
electromagnets.
 5. The convayer belt transfers from one place to
another place. Transfers which is placed between
one convayer to another Problem in use of Convayer
belt for Coal Transfer :-

9. CONVAYER BELT
 Convayer belt failure jamming the exess coal
deposition in Belt. Fuder has a limit switch which
breaks the circuit and stops the belt,
 1. Exess belt heating
 2. Roller objects
 3. Coal switching
 Preventation for problems :-
 1. Hooters
 2. Break switch
 3. Staker returner

11. *CLASSIFICATION OF COAL :-
 For power in Manikpuri 2400-3600 kcal energy is
generated by coal burning
 -8500 tons of coal is used to generate 450 mw
energy in Korba(East)
 -Coal transfer by convayer belt - 1200mm (east),
1400mm (west)

12. PROCESS-
 *Coal Crusher :-
 In coal crusher, coal is break into a size of 1-1.25 inch.
 *Cyclone - It is An outlet from where the mortified coal
gets into furnace. It is taken as indicator to identify the
coal line.
 Coal Bunker- After the coal crusher, coal comes into coal
bunker, than it moves to coal feeder and then it goes to
Mill for pulverisation and then goes to furnace through
primary air.
 *Quality of coal depends upon-
 1. Ash content should be less
 2. Calorific value should be high (3500 j/kg).

14. AIR-
 1.Primary Air- Provide carriage for powder coal
to turbine furnace, as well as heated primary air
is spread to avoide moisture of coal powder.
 2. Secondary Air- It is used for combussion in
furnace.
 3. Exess Air- Quality of coal varies with various
region and surrounding exess air is supported to
exist and exess air is supplied to maintain
smooth combusion. 4.5% is adjusted for
combusion.

15. EQUIPMENTS USED FOR
POWER GENERATION-
 1. Turbine and auxilaries
 2. Condenser
 3. Heaters
 4. Dearators
 5. Boilor and boilor feed pump
 6. Boilor and auxilaries
 7. Economisers
 8. Transfomers
 9. switchyard
 10. Generator and alternator

16. TURBINE-
 turbine is a perimover, which converts the energy of steam into
rotation of turbine which rotates the rotor of generator. In small
generation units (below 100mw) only single stage turbine is
used, but in large generator units, 3 stage turbine are used.
 1. H.P. Turbine
 2. I.P. Turbine
 3. L.P. Turbine
 - H.P. Turbine- It is a single heated turbine. The superheated
steam from the final superheater enters in H.P. Turbine at
steam pressure 127 kg/cm2 and 540 deg.cal. Temprature.
 - I.P. Turbine- The exhaust steam from H.P. turbine is heated
again by reheater and sent to I.P. Turbine at pressure 27 kg/cm2
and 540 deg. Cal.
 - L.P. Turbine- the exhausted steam from I.P. Turbine is Fed in
L.P. Turbines.

18. *MAIN ELEMENTS OF
TURBINES-
 1. Nozzles
 2. Blades
 3. Rotor
 4. Casing
 5. Volves
 6. Bearing
 7. Shaft glands

19. ELEMENTS-
 Nozzles- Steam is normally admitted into house of steam
chest emergency, ship volve and governing volves. The
steam is exhausted on the nozzles.
 Blades- The blade recieve the working force of steam and
transmitted into a working torque into dises on which
carry..
 Rotor- Usually impulse type of rotor is used in large
turbime which is built up of saperate wheels pressed on
shaft
 Casing- This holds the ring bearing and the stationary
parts.
 Shaft glands- Where as the turbine, a high pressure region
there will be a layer of steam leakage. Steam is reduced by
the use of glands.

21. SWITCHYARD
 A Switchyard or Substation, consisting of large breakers and
towers, is usually located in an area close to the plant. The
substation is used as the distribution center where:
 electrical power is supplied to the plant from the outside, and
 electrical power is sent from the plant
 Often there are at least 2 main Buses. Very high voltages
(typically 220,000 or 345,000 volts) are present. Gas and oil
circuit breakers are used. The gas (e.g. sulfur hexaflouride) or oil
is used to extinguish the arc caused when a breaker is opened,
either by a control switch or due to a fault. Manually or motor
operated disconnects are provided on either side of the breaker to
allow the breaker to be electrically isolated so that maintenance
work can be performed.

23. GENERATOR AND ALTERNATOR
-
 This page is an explanation of the theory of operation behind the
alternator and the generator. If you know how these critters work already,
then this won't matter much to you. If they are nothing short of alchemy
and you need to work on or need to modify your charging system - then
this page is a must-read for you. I wrote this as a side-bar to my work on
various projects, see the High Amp Alternators for older GM's and
Alternator Conversions for GM's articles for more details on each
area. Each section describes a basic component and how it works.
 My experience (and thus this page) is heavily tilted toward GM vehicles,
so if your manual says different things for your car, trust it instead of me.
I know Ford and Chrysler are fairly close to this, but some imported
models use some really weird variations on these basic systems. The basic
theory is the same, but some of the wiring is, um, a bit more funky that is
described here. In particular, I believe both the Ford and Chrysler
alternator systems were externally regulated until well into the '80s, and
neither has the remote voltage sensing feature. There are unique issues to
be aware of on each one, so I'd suggest that you go read up on them
elsewhere before you attempt a non-GM swap. Or, just be like me and
stick a GM alternator in it even if it's not a GM. :-)

25. *AUXILARIES OF TURBINE-
 1. Turbine
 2. Main steam stop volve
 3. By-pass volve of main steam volve
 4. Emergency stop volve
 5. Geveaning system

26. FUNCTION OF TURBINE-
 1. In Terbine the raw water inlet from bottom
and outlet from upper way.
 2. Jack is given in terbine to lift the boilor and
reduse the pressure of the spring.

27. *OIL PUMP USE IN TERBINE-
 1. Jacking oil pump-
 The jacking oil pump in turbine does the
following-
a. To reduse pressure on gear
b. To stop or start the turbine.
c. To reduse initial torque.
d. To roll the turbine.
 2. Main Oil Pump- It couple with the rotor of the
turbine. Its application is in totally close or
totally open position.

28. PUMPS :-
 3. Auxillary Oil pump- It couples with the turbine. It starts
when M.O.P. stops.
 *Oil Purifier-
 Moisture and water particles of oil in terbine is reduced by
the oil purifier.
4. Ac Flushing Oil pump-
 The Oil pass through the discharge power starting
airpump than C.O.P., the M.O.P, the A.O.P and than in Ac
Flushing oil pump.

29. FUNCTION OF OIL PUMP IN TURBINE -
 1. Control the governing system of the
turbine.
 2. It cools and lubricant learing of the
turbine.
 3. It supports of the bearing & warms
jacking oil pump is most importent of
turbine, it also called starting and
stopping oil pump. The 2nd main pump is
the M.O.P and 3rd is A.O.p. And then the
AC Flushing oil pump....

30. INTERLOCKING OF THE
TURBINE-
 1. Both/all turning mills trip
 2. Both/all P A Fan trip.
 3. Both/all running JD fan trip.
 4. Both/all running FD fan trip.
 5. Both/all boiler feed pump trip.
 6. Both gas coolhng pump trip.
 7. Both/all CW Pump trip.
 8. Low/high furnace pump trip.
 9. Low drums levels.
 10. High drum level.
 11. Overspeed of the turbine.
 12. Low speed of the turbine.
 13. No secondary air supply.
 14. No ash exist, no fuel exist cause of corrosion and furnace
blasting.
 15. No water supply to boiler drum change of terminating

31. CONDENSER -
When the steam has completed, it work in turbine and before
returning in boiler, it must be change in water and this process
is
done in condenser. It is the largest and most important part of
heat exchange in power station In condenser 1 inch diameter of
4000 to 6000 tubes are in there, in which inside raw water and
outside expand steam are present which condense and convert
in
water and it gets collected into hot well. This hot water through
C.E.P. gets into low pressure turbine and then gets into
dearator
and again running from dearator to boiler feed pump. HP
heaters(1,2,3) economiser. The boiler drums then again steam
superheated and go to the turbine and pass throuh main steam
stop volve and main steam stop volve by the I.P. and the L.P.
and
again comes into condenser.

33. TYPES OF CONDENSERS-
 1. Jet condenser- Water is mixed with the
steam in a clossed vessel. The water
removes heat from steam and direct
contact and steam will condence because a
very large quantity of cooling water is
required and is not practical.
 2. Surface condencer- cooling surface
consists of a small diameter tubes, the
nuring of cooling water does not matter
because apart of any leakages which may
occur in neva in contact With condencer.

34. **HEATERS
 Two types of heaters are used for heating the
feed water to economiser.
 1. L.P. Heaters
 2. H.P. Heaters
 Both L.P. and H.P. heaters are surface heater

36. DEARATORS -
 It is placed between LP & HP heaters. The main
function of dearator is to reduce the oxygen
content of condensate, collected from main
condenser to a leve below 0.007ppm at full load.
 Other useful purpose -
1. To act as feed water storage tank for suction of
feed pump.
2. To provide adequat suction heat to heat pump
3. To act as direct contect heat exchanger
between LP and HP heaters.

38. **BOILER AND AUXILARIES-
 The steam plant is a natural circulation radian type water
tube boiler with reheat and auxilaries equipments
necessary to fire pulverised coal as it mainfold.
 Incoming feed water is heated in a forced flow section and
passed through the single drum and four down come to
inlet boxes of banks of water tubes around the furnace
roof tubes.
 The steam then flow through front of pass wall, steam is
supplied to turbine HP Cycle, inlet through boiler and
outlet mainfold.
 **Boiler Feed Pump-
Boiler feed pump are required in the
power station for feeding the boiler feed water. They take
water from the dearator and supply to the economiser
through HP heater. Boiler feed pumps are high speed
pump.

40. **ECONOMISERS -
 It consist of a number of tubes in path of
boiler gases and through which the feed
water flow. The saperate tubes are
arranged in a bank elements
interconnecting then with welded band
tubes known as economiser bands or by
expanding objecent tubes into a cast iron
box. This way water flows into the hottest
area of the economiser before flowing into
outlet heater and on gilled tubes can be
used as a greatest heat absorbing surface.

41. TRANSFORMER -
It is an electrical device which transforms electricak quantity
from one circuit to another without changing the frequency. It
works on the principal of mutual induction.
 The transformer imployed in power plant to set up the generated
voltage.
 1. Generator transformer- It is used to set up the voltage. A high
voltage is required in transmission to reduce the loss.
 Station & Auxilary transformer- These are comparatively small.
At the time of starting, loads are supplied by station
transformers. Than after some load is given, station transformers
converts high voltage (220 kv) into 66 kv, whereas unit
transformer is connected to generate a low voltage side i.e. 13.8 to
6.6 kv in 120 Mw Korba East.

43. POWER TRANSFORMER -
 It is used for sleeping up the voltage for transmission at
generating station for stepping down transformer substation.
Power transformer are designed to have considerable leakage
reactance then in Distribution Transformer.
 urrent Transformer- Measurement of current power system is
necessery for..
 1. Indicating ammeters
 2. Kwhokw meters
 3. Tetametring system
 4. Protective relays
 It is intended to operate normally with the rated current of the
network flowing through the primary winding.
 The secondary transformer connected to the measuring
instruments relays. CT supplies a current which is proportional to
and in phase with the current circuiting in the primary except for
the diffrence due to current transformer

44. POTENTIAL TRANSFORMER-
 - Potential transformers are instrument
transformers. They have a large number of
primary turns and a few number of secondary
turns. It is used to control the large value of
voltage.
 The potential transformer works along the same
principle of other transformers. It converts
voltages from high to low. It will take the
thousands of volts behind power transmission
systems and step the voltage down to something
that meters can handle. These transformers work
for single and three phase systems, and are
attached at a point where it is convenient to
measure the voltage.