3. contents
What is personality?
Determinants of personality
Cattell’s 16 personality factor model
Typical questions in the 16PF Questionnaire
The Myers-Briggs type indicator [MBTI]
The Big Five Model
Major personality attributes affecting O.B.
Personality Assessment
What exactly shapes us?
References
4. What is personality?
When we talk of personality, we don’t
mean that a person has charm, a
positive attitude towards life, a smiling
face, or is a finalist for “Happiest and
Friendliest” in this year’s Mr. / Miss LCMD
contest!
When psychologists talk of
personality, they mean a dynamic
concept describing growth and
development of a person’s whole
psychological system.
6. cattell’s 16 personality
factor model
The sixteen Personality
Factors, measured by the
16PF Questionnaire, were
derived using factor analysis
by psychologist Raymond
Cattel.
7. Typical questions in the 16pf
questionnaire
Do you like to talk to strangers?
Do you consider yourself to be shy?
Do you like parties?
Do you feel bad about meeting new
people?
Do you easily get bored?
Do you like detailed work?
Do you find it easy to concentrate on
such work as proof-reading?
Are you a perfectionist?
Do you find that you often worry
about little things?
Have you ever spoken untrue?
Do your friends sometimes say about
you that you are a somewhat selfimportant person?
Would you wish that you were more
persuasive?
Do you find it hard to make yourself
feel embarrassed?
Are you always open and honest
about your feelings?
8. The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
[mbti]
A personality test that taps four
characteristics
(sensing, intuition, feeling, & thinking)
and classifies people into 1 of 16
personality types.
MBTI is one of the most widely used
personality frameworks which has no
hard evidence as valid measure of
personality.
9. The big five model
extroversion
A personality dimension
describing someone who is
sociable, gregarious, and
assertive.
agreeableness
A personality dimension
that describes someone
who is goodnatured, cooperative, and
trusting.
openness to experience
A personality dimension that
characterizes someone in
terms of
imaginativeness, artistic, sensiti
vity, and intellectualism.
10. the big five model cont’d
concscientiousness
A personality dimension
that describes someone
who is
responsible, dependable, p
ersistent, and organized.
emotional stability
A personality dimension
that characterizes
someone as calm, selfconfident, secure
(positive) versus
nervous, depressed, and
insecure (negative).
11. Major personality attributes
affecting o.b.
Locus of control
Machiavellianism
Self-esteem
Self-monitoring
Propensity for risk-taking
Type A / Type B personality
12. Locus of control
The degree to which people believe they are masters of their
own fate.
internals
Individuals who believe that they control what
happens to them.
externals
Individuals who believe that what happens to
them is controlled by outside forces such as
luck or chance.
13. Self-esteem
Individuals’ degree of liking or
disliking themselves.
machiavellianism
Named after Niccolo Machiavelli.
A personality characteristic indicating
one’s willingness to do whatever it takes to
get one’s way.
Degree to which an individual is
pragmatic, maintains emotional
distance, and believes that ends can justify
means.
Self-monitoring
A personality trait that
measures an
individual’s ability to
adjust his or her
behavior to
external, situational
factors.
14. Risk-taking
high risk-taking managers
low risk-taking managers
Make quicker decisions
Are slower to make decisions.
Use less information to make
decisions
Require more information
before making decisions.
Operate in smaller and more
entrepreneurial organisations.
Exist in larger organisations with
stable environments.
15. “type a” personality
Type A’s:
Are always moving, walking, and eating rapidly
Feel impatient with the rate at which most events take place
Strive to think or do two or more things at once
Cannot cope with leisure time
Are obsessed with numbers, measuring their success in terms of
how many or how much of everything they acquire
16. “type b” personality
Type B’s:
Never suffer from a sense of time urgency with its
accompanying impatience
Feel no need to display or discuss either their
achievements or accomplishments unless such exposure is
demanded by the situation
Play for fun and relaxation, rather than to exhibit their
superiority at any cost
Can relax without guilt
17. Personality assessment
How does one measure another’s personality?
Methods include:
Interviews and observation
Projective personality tests
Objective personality tests
18. What exactly shapes us?
"It's amazing how little ability we have to shape the
lives of our children. You do what you can, but their
personalities are predominantly formed by the times
they live in, their friends, and other influences.
Parenting is sort of like pulling back the lever of a
pinball machine, and just letting the ball fly."
