This document discusses structural and functional testing. Structural testing generates test cases based on the internal structure of a program, while functional testing generates test cases based on the program's functionality without considering internal structure. Some types of structural testing include statement coverage, branch coverage, path coverage, and conditional coverage. Types of functional testing include equivalence class partitioning and boundary value analysis. Testing has limitations in that it can find errors but not prove their absence, does not help find root causes, and only identifies known issues without uncovered defects.

1. STRUCTURAL
AND
FUNCTIONAL TESTING
Dr. Himanshu Hora
SRMS College of Engineering & Technology
Bareilly (INDIA)

2. CONTENTS
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What is testing?
Goals of testing
Principles of Testing
Structural and Functional Testing
Types of Structural and Functional Testing
Limitations

3. TESTING
 According to the glossary of the IEEE
standardization , testing is defined as:
“The process of analyzing a software
item to detect the differences between existing
and required conditions (that is, bugs) and
to evaluate the features of
the software item”

4. GOALS OF TESTING
 Goal of testing:
finding faults in the software
producing a zero defect software
testing should be traceable
it should be deterministic

5. PRINCIPLES OF TESTING
 Test a program to try to make it fail
 Start testing early

6. Cont…
 Testing must be done by different persons at
different levels

7. Cont…
 Test a program innovatively
 Use both static and dynamic testing

8. STRUCTURAL TESTING
 Generates test cases based on the structure of
the program
 Also known as white box testing
 The internal structure of the program is taken
into account

9. FUNCTIONAL TESTING
 Generates test cases based on the functionality
of the software
 Also known as black box testing
 The internal structure of the program is hidden
from the testing process

10. Cont…
 Identify the functions which software is
expected to perform
 Treats the software as a "black box", examining
functionality without any knowledge of
internal implementation

11. TYPES OF STRUCTURAL
TESTING
 The different types of structural testing
are :
 Statement coverage: all statements in the
programs should be executed at least once
 Branch coverage: all branches in the
program should be executed at least once

12. Cont…
 Path coverage: all execution paths in the
program should be executed at lest once
 Conditional coverage: For conditional
branches, this means that, we execute the
TRUE branch at least once and the FALSE
branch at least once

13. TYPES OF FUNCTIONAL
TESTING
 The different types of functional testing are:

Equivalence class partitioning: In this
approach, the domain of input values to a
program is partitioned into a set of equivalent
classes

Boundary value analysis: It is the analysis of
the programming error that frequently occurs at
the boundaries of different equivalence classes of
inputs

14. LIMITATIONS
 Testing can be used to show the presence of
errors, but never to show their absence
 Software testing does not help in finding root
causes
 It can only identify the known issues or errors.
It gives no idea about defects still uncovered.

15. THANK YOU
Dr. Himanshu Hora
SRMS College of Engineering & Technology
Bareilly (INDIA)