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Tr−êng L−¬ng ThÕ Vinh
Hµ Néi
Kú thi tuyÓn sinh vµo líp 10 thpt
N¡M HäC 2012 - 2013
M«n : To¸n
Ngµy thi: 26 th¸ng 06 n¨m 2012
Thêi gian lµm bµi: 120 phót
Bµi I (2,5 ®iÓm) Cho biÓu thøc
( )( ) x
x
x
x
xx
x
P
−
+
−
−
+
−
−−
−
=
3
12
2
3
32
92
a) Rót gän P (1,5®iÓm)
b) TÝnh gi¸ trÞ cña x biÕt P = 5 (0,5®iÓm)
c) T×m c¸c gi¸ trÞ nguyªn cña x ®Ó P cã gi¸ trÞ lµ mét sè tù nhiªn. (0,5®iÓm)
Bµi II (2,5 ®iÓm) Gi¶i bµi to¸n b»ng c¸ch lËp ph−¬ng tr×nh
Mét ng−êi dù ®Þnh ®i xe ®¹p tõ A ®Õn B c¸ch nhau 36km. Sau khi ®i ®−îc nöa qu·ng
®−êng, ng−êi ®ã dõng l¹i nghØ 18 phót. Do ®ã, ®Ó ®Õn B ®óng dù ®Þnh, ng−êi ®ã ®· t¨ng
vËn tèc thªm 2km mçi giê trªn qu·ng ®−êng cßn l¹i. TÝnh vËn tèc ban ®Çu vµ thêi gian xe
l¨n b¸nh trªn ®−êng?
Bµi III (1 ®iÓm) Cho parabol (P) y = x2
vµ ®−êng th¼ng d: y = 2(m-1)x-m2
+7
T×m m ®Ó d c¾t (P) t¹i hai ®iÓm ph©n biÖt A(x1;y1) vµ B(x2; y2) tháa m·n 1 2 4x x− =
Bµi IV (3,5 ®iÓm) Cho (O;R) vµ ®iÓm A cè ®Þnh n»m ngoµi ®−êng trßn. Qua A kÎ hai tiÕp
tuyÕn AB, AC víi (O). KÎ CE vu«ng gãc víi AB, CE c¾t ®−êng trßn (O) t¹i M ( M ≠ C ).
KÎ MD vu«ng gãc víi BC, MF vu«ng gãc víi CA.
a) Chøng minh r»ng: tø gi¸c MDBE lµ tø gi¸c néi tiÕp.
b) Chøng minh r»ng: EB2
= EM. EC
c) Gäi K lµ giao ®iÓm cña CE vµ OA. Chøng minh: BK//MF
d) Trong tr−êng hîp OA = 2R. TÝnh CM theo R.
Bµi V (0,5 ®iÓm) Cho x>0,y>0 tháa m·n ®iÒu kiÖn
2
111
=+
yx
.
T×m gi¸ trÞ nhá nhÊt cña biÓu thøc A= yx + .
--------- HÕt ---------
Hä vµ tªn thÝ sinh: ..................................................... Sè b¸o danh:............ Phßng thi:......
Ch÷ ký gi¸m thÞ sè 1:............................ Ch÷ ký gi¸m thÞ sè 2:...........................
§Ò ChÝnh thøc
§¸p ¸n vµ biÓu ®iÓm§¸p ¸n vµ biÓu ®iÓm§¸p ¸n vµ biÓu ®iÓm§¸p ¸n vµ biÓu ®iÓm ®Ò thi vµo 10 LTV 2012®Ò thi vµo 10 LTV 2012®Ò thi vµo 10 LTV 2012®Ò thi vµo 10 LTV 2012
Bµi §¸p ¸n BiÓu
®iÓ
m
Bµi
1
a
( )( )
( )( ) ( )( )
( )( )
( ) ( )
( )( )
( )( )
( )( )
( )( )
( )( )
x x x
P =
x x x
x x x
P =
x x
x
x
x
x
− + +
− −
− + − −
− + +
− +
− −− −
− − + − + + −
=
− −
− − − + − −
=
− −
− − + + − −
=
− −
− −
=
− −
+ −
=
− −
+
=
−
2 9 3 2 1
5 6 2 3
2 9 3 2 1
2 32 3
2 9 3 3 2 1 2
2 3
2 9 9 2 3 2
2 3
2 9 9 2 3 2
2 3
2
2 3
1 2
2 3
1
3
x
x x
x x x x
P
x x
x x x
P
x x
x x x
P
x x
x
P
x x
x x
P
x x
x
P
x
§kx®: ; ;x 0 x 4 x 9≥ ≠ ≠
0,25
0,25
0,25
0,25
0,25
0,25
b b) TÝnh gi¸ trÞ cña x biÕt P = 5
164164
15515
3
1
=⇔=⇔=⇔
−=+⇔=
−
+
=
xxx
xx
x
x
P 0,25
0.25
c T×m c¸c gi¸ trÞ nguyªn cña x ®Ó P cã gi¸ trÞ lµ mét sè tù nhiªn
Ta cã
+
= = +
− −
1 4
1
3 3
x
P
x x
, ( )3P Z x∈ ⇔ − ∈¦(4)={±4;±2;±1}
Ta cã b¶ng:
3x − -4 -2 -1 1 2 4
x -1 1 2 4 5 7
x ∅ 1 4 (lo¹i) 16 25 49
P -1(lo¹i) 5 3 2
§Ó P cã gi¸ trÞ lµ mét sè tù nhiªn th× x∈{16;25;49}
0,25
0,25
Bµi Gäi vËn tèc ban ®Çu cña ng−êi ®ã lµ x (x>0;km/h) 0,25
II Thêi gian dù ®Þnh ®i hÕt qu·ng ®−êng cña ng−êi ®ã lµ
36
x
(h)
Thùc tÕ:
*) Nöa ®Çu qu·ng ®−êng dµi 36:2=18(km)
- VËn tèc trªn nöa qu·ng ®−êng ®Çu lµ x (km/h)
- Thêi gian ng−êi ®ã ®i hÕt nöa ®Çu qu·ng ®−êng lµ
18
x
(h)
*) Ng−êi ®ã nghØ 18 phót =
3
10
(h)
*) Nöa sau qu·ng ®−êng dµi: 18km
- VËn tèc cña ng−êi ®ã ®i ë nöa sau qu·ng ®−êng lµ x+2 (km/h)
- Thêi gian ng−êi ®ã ®i hÕt nöa cßn l¹i cña qu·ng ®−êng lµ
18
2x +
(h)
*) V× ng−êi ®ã ®Õn B ®óng dù ®Þnh nªn ta cã ph−¬ng tr×nh:
18 3 18 36
10 2x x x
+ + =
+
⇔ x2
+2x-120=0
Gi¶i ph−¬ng tr×nh ta cã x1 = 10 (tháa m·n ®iÒu kiÖn)
x2 = -12 (lo¹i)
VËy vËn tèc ban ®Çu cña ng−êi ®ã lµ 10km/h
Thêi gian xe l¨n b¸nh trªn ®−êng lµ
36 3
3,3
10 10
− = h = 3h18'
0,25
0,25
0,25
0,25
0,25
0,25
0,25
0,25
0,25
Bµi
III
y = x2
vµ ®−êng th¼ng d: y = 2(m-1)x-m2
+7
Täa ®é giao ®iÓm cña d vµ (P) lµ nghiÖm cña hÖ ph−¬ng tr×nh:
2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2
2( 1) 7 2( 1) 7 2( 1) 7 0(*)
y x y x y x
y m x m x m x m x m x m
  = = =  
⇔ ⇔  
= − − + = − − + − − + − =    
+) d c¾t (P) t¹i 2 ®iÓm ph©n biÖt ⇔ (*) cã hai nghiÖm ph©n biÖt
⇔∆'>0 ⇔ ( )
2 2
1 ( 7) 0 4m m m− − − > ⇔ <
+) Ta cã ( ) ( )
2 2
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 24 16 4 . 16(**)x x x x x x x x− = ⇔ − = ⇔ + − =
¸p dông hÖ thøc Vi-et cho ph−¬ng tr×nh (*) ta cã 1 2
2
1 2
2( 1)
. 7
x x m
x x m
+ = −

= −
(**) ( ) ( )2 2
2 2 4 7 16 2m m m− − − = ⇔ = (tmdk)
VËy m = 2
0,25
0,25
0,25
0,25
Bµi
IV
`
0,25
H×nh
vÏ
®óng
®Õn
c©u a
_I
_F
_D
_E
_C
_B
_O
_A
_M
K
a Chøng minh r»ng: tø gi¸c MDBE lµ tø gi¸c néi tiÕp
Ta cã ∠MEB = 900
(ME⊥AB)
∠MDB = 900
(MD⊥BC)
⇒ ∠MEB + ∠MDB = 1800
XÐt tø gi¸c MDBE: ∠MEB + ∠MDB = 1800
(cmt)
Mµ D vµ E lµ hai ®Ønh ®èi nhau
⇒ MDBE lµ tø gi¸c néi tiÕp (dhnb tgnt)
0,25
0,25
0,25
b Chøng minh r»ng:EB2
= EM. EC
XÐt (O):
∠MCB=∠MBE (gnt vµ gãc t¹o bëi tia tiÕp tuyÕn vµ d©y cïng ch¾n cung BM)
XÐt ∆ EBM vµ ∆ECB:
∠BEC chung
∠MCB=∠MBE (cmt)
⇒∆ EBM ®ång d¹ng víi ∆ECB (g.g)
⇒
EB EM
EC EB
= (®n hai tam gi¸c ®ång d¹ng)
⇔ EB2
= EM. EC (®pcm)
0,25
0,25
0,25
0,25
c Do AB = AC, OB = OC. Suy ra AO là trung tr c c a BC suy ra AO vuông góc
BC
Mà CE vuông góc v i AB nên K là tr c tâm c a tam giác ABC.
Suy ra BK vuông góc AC
Mà MF vuông góc AC nên BK // MF
0,5
0,5
d Do OA = 2R suy ra OA = 2OC suy ra trong tam giác OAC có góc OAC = 300
Suy ra BAC = 600
suy ra tam giác ABC u.
Suy ra BCE = 30o
. Suy ra MBE =300
.
Có AB= 3R suy ra BE=
3
2
R
. Suy ra EM =
tan30 2o
EB R
= .
Mà EC =
3
2
R
Suy ra MC = R
0,25
0,25
V
V× x>0, y>0 nªn 0;0;0
1
;0
1
>>>> yx
yx
.
¸p dông bÊt ®¼ng thøc C«-si cho hai sè
x
1
>0 vµ
y
1
>0 ta ®−îc
1 1 1 1 1
.
2x y x y
 
≤ + 
 
⇔ .4
4
11
≥⇒≤ xy
xy
0,25
¸p dông bÊt ®¼ng thøc C«-si cho hai sè d−¬ng yx, >0
A= 442.2 =≥≥+ yxyx
1 1
4 4
1 1 1
2
x y
MinA x y x y
x y

=


⇒ = ⇔ = ⇔ = =

 + =

VËy gi¸ trÞ nhá nhÊt cña A lµ 4 khi x= y =4
0,25
L−u ý:
1.Bµi h×nh vÏ sai h×nh, kh«ng chÊm
2.C¸c c¸ch lµm kh¸c ®óng, cho ®iÓm tèi ®a.

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Đề thi tuyển sinh vào lớp 10 năm 2012 - 2013 trường PTDL Lương Thế Vinh

  • 1. Tr−êng L−¬ng ThÕ Vinh Hµ Néi Kú thi tuyÓn sinh vµo líp 10 thpt N¡M HäC 2012 - 2013 M«n : To¸n Ngµy thi: 26 th¸ng 06 n¨m 2012 Thêi gian lµm bµi: 120 phót Bµi I (2,5 ®iÓm) Cho biÓu thøc ( )( ) x x x x xx x P − + − − + − −− − = 3 12 2 3 32 92 a) Rót gän P (1,5®iÓm) b) TÝnh gi¸ trÞ cña x biÕt P = 5 (0,5®iÓm) c) T×m c¸c gi¸ trÞ nguyªn cña x ®Ó P cã gi¸ trÞ lµ mét sè tù nhiªn. (0,5®iÓm) Bµi II (2,5 ®iÓm) Gi¶i bµi to¸n b»ng c¸ch lËp ph−¬ng tr×nh Mét ng−êi dù ®Þnh ®i xe ®¹p tõ A ®Õn B c¸ch nhau 36km. Sau khi ®i ®−îc nöa qu·ng ®−êng, ng−êi ®ã dõng l¹i nghØ 18 phót. Do ®ã, ®Ó ®Õn B ®óng dù ®Þnh, ng−êi ®ã ®· t¨ng vËn tèc thªm 2km mçi giê trªn qu·ng ®−êng cßn l¹i. TÝnh vËn tèc ban ®Çu vµ thêi gian xe l¨n b¸nh trªn ®−êng? Bµi III (1 ®iÓm) Cho parabol (P) y = x2 vµ ®−êng th¼ng d: y = 2(m-1)x-m2 +7 T×m m ®Ó d c¾t (P) t¹i hai ®iÓm ph©n biÖt A(x1;y1) vµ B(x2; y2) tháa m·n 1 2 4x x− = Bµi IV (3,5 ®iÓm) Cho (O;R) vµ ®iÓm A cè ®Þnh n»m ngoµi ®−êng trßn. Qua A kÎ hai tiÕp tuyÕn AB, AC víi (O). KÎ CE vu«ng gãc víi AB, CE c¾t ®−êng trßn (O) t¹i M ( M ≠ C ). KÎ MD vu«ng gãc víi BC, MF vu«ng gãc víi CA. a) Chøng minh r»ng: tø gi¸c MDBE lµ tø gi¸c néi tiÕp. b) Chøng minh r»ng: EB2 = EM. EC c) Gäi K lµ giao ®iÓm cña CE vµ OA. Chøng minh: BK//MF d) Trong tr−êng hîp OA = 2R. TÝnh CM theo R. Bµi V (0,5 ®iÓm) Cho x>0,y>0 tháa m·n ®iÒu kiÖn 2 111 =+ yx . T×m gi¸ trÞ nhá nhÊt cña biÓu thøc A= yx + . --------- HÕt --------- Hä vµ tªn thÝ sinh: ..................................................... Sè b¸o danh:............ Phßng thi:...... Ch÷ ký gi¸m thÞ sè 1:............................ Ch÷ ký gi¸m thÞ sè 2:........................... §Ò ChÝnh thøc
  • 2. §¸p ¸n vµ biÓu ®iÓm§¸p ¸n vµ biÓu ®iÓm§¸p ¸n vµ biÓu ®iÓm§¸p ¸n vµ biÓu ®iÓm ®Ò thi vµo 10 LTV 2012®Ò thi vµo 10 LTV 2012®Ò thi vµo 10 LTV 2012®Ò thi vµo 10 LTV 2012 Bµi §¸p ¸n BiÓu ®iÓ m Bµi 1 a ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) ( ) ( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) x x x P = x x x x x x P = x x x x x x − + + − − − + − − − + + − + − −− − − − + − + + − = − − − − − + − − = − − − − + + − − = − − − − = − − + − = − − + = − 2 9 3 2 1 5 6 2 3 2 9 3 2 1 2 32 3 2 9 3 3 2 1 2 2 3 2 9 9 2 3 2 2 3 2 9 9 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 3 1 2 2 3 1 3 x x x x x x x P x x x x x P x x x x x P x x x P x x x x P x x x P x §kx®: ; ;x 0 x 4 x 9≥ ≠ ≠ 0,25 0,25 0,25 0,25 0,25 0,25 b b) TÝnh gi¸ trÞ cña x biÕt P = 5 164164 15515 3 1 =⇔=⇔=⇔ −=+⇔= − + = xxx xx x x P 0,25 0.25 c T×m c¸c gi¸ trÞ nguyªn cña x ®Ó P cã gi¸ trÞ lµ mét sè tù nhiªn Ta cã + = = + − − 1 4 1 3 3 x P x x , ( )3P Z x∈ ⇔ − ∈¦(4)={±4;±2;±1} Ta cã b¶ng: 3x − -4 -2 -1 1 2 4 x -1 1 2 4 5 7 x ∅ 1 4 (lo¹i) 16 25 49 P -1(lo¹i) 5 3 2 §Ó P cã gi¸ trÞ lµ mét sè tù nhiªn th× x∈{16;25;49} 0,25 0,25 Bµi Gäi vËn tèc ban ®Çu cña ng−êi ®ã lµ x (x>0;km/h) 0,25
  • 3. II Thêi gian dù ®Þnh ®i hÕt qu·ng ®−êng cña ng−êi ®ã lµ 36 x (h) Thùc tÕ: *) Nöa ®Çu qu·ng ®−êng dµi 36:2=18(km) - VËn tèc trªn nöa qu·ng ®−êng ®Çu lµ x (km/h) - Thêi gian ng−êi ®ã ®i hÕt nöa ®Çu qu·ng ®−êng lµ 18 x (h) *) Ng−êi ®ã nghØ 18 phót = 3 10 (h) *) Nöa sau qu·ng ®−êng dµi: 18km - VËn tèc cña ng−êi ®ã ®i ë nöa sau qu·ng ®−êng lµ x+2 (km/h) - Thêi gian ng−êi ®ã ®i hÕt nöa cßn l¹i cña qu·ng ®−êng lµ 18 2x + (h) *) V× ng−êi ®ã ®Õn B ®óng dù ®Þnh nªn ta cã ph−¬ng tr×nh: 18 3 18 36 10 2x x x + + = + ⇔ x2 +2x-120=0 Gi¶i ph−¬ng tr×nh ta cã x1 = 10 (tháa m·n ®iÒu kiÖn) x2 = -12 (lo¹i) VËy vËn tèc ban ®Çu cña ng−êi ®ã lµ 10km/h Thêi gian xe l¨n b¸nh trªn ®−êng lµ 36 3 3,3 10 10 − = h = 3h18' 0,25 0,25 0,25 0,25 0,25 0,25 0,25 0,25 0,25 Bµi III y = x2 vµ ®−êng th¼ng d: y = 2(m-1)x-m2 +7 Täa ®é giao ®iÓm cña d vµ (P) lµ nghiÖm cña hÖ ph−¬ng tr×nh: 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2( 1) 7 2( 1) 7 2( 1) 7 0(*) y x y x y x y m x m x m x m x m x m   = = =   ⇔ ⇔   = − − + = − − + − − + − =     +) d c¾t (P) t¹i 2 ®iÓm ph©n biÖt ⇔ (*) cã hai nghiÖm ph©n biÖt ⇔∆'>0 ⇔ ( ) 2 2 1 ( 7) 0 4m m m− − − > ⇔ < +) Ta cã ( ) ( ) 2 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 24 16 4 . 16(**)x x x x x x x x− = ⇔ − = ⇔ + − = ¸p dông hÖ thøc Vi-et cho ph−¬ng tr×nh (*) ta cã 1 2 2 1 2 2( 1) . 7 x x m x x m + = −  = − (**) ( ) ( )2 2 2 2 4 7 16 2m m m− − − = ⇔ = (tmdk) VËy m = 2 0,25 0,25 0,25 0,25 Bµi IV ` 0,25 H×nh vÏ ®óng ®Õn c©u a _I _F _D _E _C _B _O _A _M K
  • 4. a Chøng minh r»ng: tø gi¸c MDBE lµ tø gi¸c néi tiÕp Ta cã ∠MEB = 900 (ME⊥AB) ∠MDB = 900 (MD⊥BC) ⇒ ∠MEB + ∠MDB = 1800 XÐt tø gi¸c MDBE: ∠MEB + ∠MDB = 1800 (cmt) Mµ D vµ E lµ hai ®Ønh ®èi nhau ⇒ MDBE lµ tø gi¸c néi tiÕp (dhnb tgnt) 0,25 0,25 0,25 b Chøng minh r»ng:EB2 = EM. EC XÐt (O): ∠MCB=∠MBE (gnt vµ gãc t¹o bëi tia tiÕp tuyÕn vµ d©y cïng ch¾n cung BM) XÐt ∆ EBM vµ ∆ECB: ∠BEC chung ∠MCB=∠MBE (cmt) ⇒∆ EBM ®ång d¹ng víi ∆ECB (g.g) ⇒ EB EM EC EB = (®n hai tam gi¸c ®ång d¹ng) ⇔ EB2 = EM. EC (®pcm) 0,25 0,25 0,25 0,25 c Do AB = AC, OB = OC. Suy ra AO là trung tr c c a BC suy ra AO vuông góc BC Mà CE vuông góc v i AB nên K là tr c tâm c a tam giác ABC. Suy ra BK vuông góc AC Mà MF vuông góc AC nên BK // MF 0,5 0,5 d Do OA = 2R suy ra OA = 2OC suy ra trong tam giác OAC có góc OAC = 300 Suy ra BAC = 600 suy ra tam giác ABC u. Suy ra BCE = 30o . Suy ra MBE =300 . Có AB= 3R suy ra BE= 3 2 R . Suy ra EM = tan30 2o EB R = . Mà EC = 3 2 R Suy ra MC = R 0,25 0,25 V V× x>0, y>0 nªn 0;0;0 1 ;0 1 >>>> yx yx . ¸p dông bÊt ®¼ng thøc C«-si cho hai sè x 1 >0 vµ y 1 >0 ta ®−îc 1 1 1 1 1 . 2x y x y   ≤ +    ⇔ .4 4 11 ≥⇒≤ xy xy 0,25
  • 5. ¸p dông bÊt ®¼ng thøc C«-si cho hai sè d−¬ng yx, >0 A= 442.2 =≥≥+ yxyx 1 1 4 4 1 1 1 2 x y MinA x y x y x y  =   ⇒ = ⇔ = ⇔ = =   + =  VËy gi¸ trÞ nhá nhÊt cña A lµ 4 khi x= y =4 0,25 L−u ý: 1.Bµi h×nh vÏ sai h×nh, kh«ng chÊm 2.C¸c c¸ch lµm kh¸c ®óng, cho ®iÓm tèi ®a.