Data Presentation

1. Chapter Data presentation

2. How to write chapter Data
presentation
 Write chapter 4: Data presentation
Report the content of the interview
How to report?
Use “Indirect Speech”
 Examples of Direct Speech and Indirect
Speech?

3.  Direct speech:
The respondent said “I don’t like to use the
bus”
 Indirect speech
The respondent said he does not like to use
the bus

4. What if many respondents report
the same things
 You need to combine all of them into one
statement
 Eg., Most respondents said they don’t use the bus
because it is not on time…
 Eg., Regarding the question about why not use bus
for work, respondents indicate many reasons. First,
it is because the bus is not on time, so if they use the
bus, they may be late for work…”

5. Why do you have to analyse
data when doing research?

6. Data analysis for interview
method
Session 5

7. Methods to analyze interview
data

8. Illustrate your conceptual
framework
 In chapter 3 (Conceptual framework) you
have proposed a conceptual framework
What is the conceptual framework for your
research proposal so far?
Where do you get it?

9. Framework examples
 The success factor for new start-up
businesses?
 The main factors that affect service
quality?

10. Illustrate your conceptual
framework
 Analyse the data to illustrate the
framework
Do the data support the framework
Are the framework applicable in these
cases?

11. Comparison
 Finding similarities:
What are common across cases
(individuals/families/companies…)
 Finding differences

12. Finding concepts/themes from
data
 Organizing similar ideas/data/ into a
group
 Develop a new name/new concepts for
the group
 Develop/find themes for the data
 The teacher thesis as example

13. Learn from real example

14. Thesis for reference
 The teacher’s Master thesis – 2003-2004,
 Lulea University of Technology - Sweden
 “Success factors for electronic
marketplaces”

15. Literature review
 Research topic: Success factors for e-marketplaces
 Literature review revealed: Success factors are
Target market
Functions (Service offerings)
Neutrality or Bias
Technology
Partnerships
Liquidity
Revenue model

16. My conceptual framework
 Also called My Frame of Reference
Target market
Functions
Technology
Liquidity
Revenue mod

17. My research questions
 How can the above factors be described?
 How can target market in e-marketplaces
be described?
 How can technological problems in e-
marketplaces be described?
… ???
 …???

18. Methodology
 Interview two managing directors of two
e-marketplaces: Phonetrade.com and
Printoffer.com
 Telephone interviews
 Questions:
Is data from the interview enough to
answer the Research Questions?
Use your intuition for the answer!

19. Methodology
 Read, research, find information about
the companies in the internet and the
press
 Combine interview data with information
from websites, from the press.

20. Methodology
 Data from interview is called Primary
data
 Data from websites, press is called ???

21.  If you use a company to illustrate your
research questions, you are using CASE
STUDY RESEARCH
 If you use many companies to illustrate
your research questions, you are using
MULTIPLE CASE STUDY RESEARCH
 The unit of analysis is The COMPANY (or
companies)

22.  What if you study a PEOPLE to answer
the research question, is it a case study?
 What if you study a hamlet, a group of
similar people, a group of students, a
country…
Is it a case study research?
 What is the relationship between Case
study research and Interview Research?

23.  Interview research is a tool for you to do
case study research.
 Can you say the reverse?
 So, what are other tools?

24. Tools for case study research
 Interview (focus group method)
 Documentation (Read websites, articles
and archives)
 Observation method
 What do archaelogists research?
 Read Section 4.4 Data collection method
in teacher thesis

25. Tools for all kinds research
 Interview (focus group method)
 Documentation (Read websites, articles and
archives)
 Observation method
 What do archaelogists research?
 Experiment method
 Survey method
 Should you combine many tools for your
research?

26. Case study analysis
 If you study a hamlet, you will analyse
that hamlet.
 If you study two hamlets, you will
analyze these two hamlets
 Should you compare the two hamlets?
 If you do that, it is called Cross-case
Analysis

27. Cross case analysis
 If you do multiple case study, you need
to compare them
 It is called Cross-case analysis

28. Must-do things in Case analysis
 Analyse each case
Compare with theory, framework
Find themes
Grouping, categorization
Find new factors, new insights
 Compare cases (cross-case analysis)

29. Thesis for reference
 The teacher’s thesis
 Lulea University of Technology – Thesis
library
 http://pure-
test.ltu.se:8080/portal/en/publications-
phd/search.html (For Licentiate thesis)
 Use appropriate keywords: e.g., case
study, why, how, interview,

30. Some related thesis – Keyword:
why
 Why are WE not more attractive for women?:
different perspectives on a collaboration process to
increase gender awareness, Lundkvist, H. Jan
2012 Luleå: Luleå tekniska universitet.
 Adoption, use and influence of computer based
information systems for product development:
qualitative studies of small firms within the wood
industry
 Örtqvist, D. 2005 Luleå: Luleå tekniska
universitet. 190 p. (Licentiate thesis / Luleå
University of Technology; No. 2005:01).

31. Keywords: how
 Approaches to improve quality in supply
chains
 Holmbom, M. Mar 2013 Luleå: Luleå
tekniska universitet. 48 p.

32. Keywords: interview
 A study of R&D projects: how teams
innovate
 Karlsson, A. Jun 2012 Luleå: Luleå
tekniska universitet. 61 p. (Licentiate
thesis / Luleå University of
Technology).Publication: Research › Licen
tiate thesis

33. Home assignment 5

34. Home assignment
 Do the data collection phase
Interview
No of respondents: at least 10 respondents
 Write chapter: Data presentation
 Write chapter: Data analysis
Read teacher’ thesis or other “Licentiate”
thesis for reference

35. Report requirement
 Make group presentation in 6 minutes
 Deadline:
Next week = 7.11
 Hand in Word documents: 6 pages
maximum for two chapters

36. The next three classes
 7.11: Correction for case analysis
 13.11: How to do Survey from the result
of case study research?
Correction for experiment design
Make quantitative research model
Make/Borrow measurement scale
 21.11: Validity and Reliability in all kinds
of research